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Comment utiliser une théorie du changement pour assurer le suivi des programmes de changement social et comportemental et les évaluer
No full textBreakthrough RESEARCH a développé ce guide sur la façon d\u27utiliser une théorie du changement pour surveiller et évaluer les programmes de changement social et comportemental (CSC). Ce guide aidera les responsables à soutenir le personnel de recherche, suivi et évaluation et contribuera à ce qu\u27ils disposent des données programmatiques requises pour assurer le suivi des résultats, et il garantira que le programme est guidé par des preuves théoriques solides avec des résultats suivis au fil du temps et à l’issue du programme. Ce guide fait partie d\u27une série de guides pratiques Compass SBC qui fournissent des instructions étape par étape sur la façon d\u27effectuer les principales tâches SBC. De la recherche formative au suivi et à l\u27évaluation, ces guides couvrent chaque étape du processus SBC, offrent des conseils utiles et incluent des ressources et des références importantes.
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Breakthrough RESEARCH has developed a guide on how to use a theory of change to monitor and evaluate social and behavior change (SBC) programs. This guide will help managers support research, monitoring, and evaluation staff and ensure they have the programmatic data required to track results, and it will ensure the program is guided by robust theory-driven evidence with results tracked over time and at the program’s end. This guide is one of a series of Compass SBC how-to guides that provide step-by-step instructions on how to perform core SBC tasks. From formative research through monitoring and evaluation, these guides cover each step of the SBC process, offer useful hints, and include important resources and references
Résumé sur l’utilisation et l’impact de la recherche: Traduire les données probantes en impact: améliorer la santé en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone et dans le Sahel
No full textL\u27Afrique de l\u27Ouest francophone (AOF) est une sous-région diversifiée connue pour ses fortes identités nationales et sa collaboration régionale. Avec des taux de mortalité maternelle et infantile élevés et une faible prévalence contraceptive par rapport à d\u27autres parties de l\u27Afrique de l\u27Ouest, les pays francophones ont travaillé ensemble pour poursuivre des objectifs communs de santé et de développement, tels que l\u27amélioration de l\u27accès à la planification familiale/santé reproductive ; répondre aux besoins en matière de santé, d\u27éducation et d\u27emploi d\u27une population croissante de jeunes ; et relever des défis tels que le changement climatique et les conflits. Au cours des trois dernières décennies, le Population Council s\u27est efforcé de faire progresser les efforts infranationaux, nationaux et régionaux visant à améliorer la santé et à promouvoir des politiques fondées sur des données probantes dans l\u27AOF. Cette note met en lumière le travail du Conseil dans l\u27AOF et le Sahel, y compris des activités de recherche, une assistance technique et des collaborations dans 11 pays : Bénin, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Côte d\u27Ivoire, Guinée, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Sénégal, Tchad et Togo.
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Francophone West Africa (FWA) is a diverse subregion known for its strong national identities and regional collaboration. With high maternal and child death rates and low contraceptive prevalence compared to other parts of West Africa, Francophone countries have worked together to pursue common health and development goals, such as enhancing access to family planning/reproductive health; meeting the health, education, and employment needs of a growing population of young people; and addressing challenges such as climate change and conflict. Over the past three decades, the Population Council has worked to advance subnational, national, and regional efforts to improve health and promote evidence-based policies across FWA. This brief highlights the Council’s work in FWA and the Sahel, which has included research activities, technical assistance, and collaborations across 11 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, and Togo
Estradiol inhibits HIV-1BaL infection and induces CFL1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and endocervical mucosa
No full textAn inhibitory effect of estradiol (E2) on HIV-1 infection was suggested by several reports. We previously identified increased gene expression of actin-binding protein cofilin 1 (CFL1) in endocervix in the E2-dominated proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Actin cytoskeleton has an integral role in establishing and spreading HIV-1 infection. Herein, we studied in vitro effects of E2 on HIV-1 infection and on CFL1 expression to gain insight into the mechanism of HIV-1 inhibition by E2. E2 dose-dependently inhibited HIV-1BaL infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and endocervix. In PBMCs and endocervix, E2 increased protein expression of total CFL1 and phosphorylated CFL1 (pCFL1) and pCFL1/CFL1 ratios. LIMKi3, a LIM kinase 1 and 2 inhibitor, abrogated the phenotype and restored infection in both PBMCs and endocervix; inhibited E2-induced expression of total CFL1, pCFL1; and decreased pCFL1/CFL1 ratios. Knockdown of CFL1 in PBMCs also abrogated the phenotype and partially restored infection. Additional analysis of soluble mediators revealed decreased concentrations of pro-inflammatory chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5 in infected tissues incubated with E2. Our results suggest a link between E2-mediated anti-HIV-1 activity and expression of CFL1 in PBMCs and endocervical mucosa. The data support exploration of cytoskeletal signaling pathway targets for the development of prevention strategies against HIV-1
Using the Provider Authoritarian Attitude Scale
Get PDFThe Breakthrough RESEARCH project, funded by the United States Agency for International Development, developed a set of measures to reflect authoritarian attitudes of providers. These measures were validated in three phases, including quantitative field testing and improvement of survey items using qualitative cognitive interviews. This process resulted in a reliable scale consisting of 14 items (α = 0.8323)1 reflecting authoritarian attitudes related to provider attitudes about clients, their professional roles, and gender roles, and can be applied across health areas. This technical reference sheet provides information to monitoring, evaluation, and research practitioners on the resulting 14-item scale (in English and French) as well as instructions and resources for fielding and analyzing providers’ authoritarian attitudes using these measures
Restrictions on contraceptive services for unmarried youth: A qualitative study of providers’ beliefs and attitudes in India
No full textSexual and reproductive health (SRH) of unmarried youth is an important issue, particularly in Indian society, where premarital sex is socially restricted. It is an uncomfortable subject for most people, including healthcare providers, who are responsible for catering to the reproductive health needs of youth. This is because of the prevailing social norms, where sex outside marriage is discouraged and stigmatised. These social norms give importance to virginity, and children outside marriage are not welcome. The present qualitative study was conducted in public health facilities (primary and secondary) to explore the attitudes of healthcare providers in providing contraceptive services to unmarried youth. In-depth interviews were conducted with family planning (FP) service providers (frontline healthcare workers [ASHAs] nurses and FP counsellors) between October 2017 and September 2018. Almost a quarter of the providers were either hesitant or against providing contraceptives to unmarried youth. Providers stated that they preferred emergency contraceptive pills for unmarried girls if they had already engaged in unprotected sex. Providers expressed strong personal views against premarital sex because they believed it was against existing social norms. Some providers were concerned about the possible negative reactions of the community if they recommended any contraceptive to unmarried youth. A few providers even considered it illegal to provide contraceptives to unmarried youth, though there is no such law in the country. Findings further indicated that though the country had launched programmes for improving adolescents and youth SRH, service providers were still conflicted between medical eligibility and social beliefs
“They\u27re forcing people to have children that they can\u27t afford”: A qualitative study of social support and capital among individuals receiving an abortion in Georgia
No full textAbortion is common but highly stigmatized in the United States, and the overturning of Roe v. Wade severely restricted abortion access in many states across the nation. Data reveal that maternal morbidity and mortality are already increasing, and research suggests existing inequities in abortion access across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups will be exacerbated. Research has shown that social support (perceived and received aid from one\u27s social network) and social capital (resources accessed through those social connections) can improve access to health services and decrease barriers to care. Given the escalating barriers to abortion, including longer travel distances, it is imperative to better understand the roles of social support and social capital within abortion access, especially for people living on lower incomes and people of color. Our team conducted in-depth interviews with post-abortion patients (n = 18) from an urban abortion clinic in Georgia in 2019 and 2020, shortly after a six-week gestational age abortion limit had been passed but before it was enacted. We examined how people described their social support and social capital – or lack thereof – when making decisions about their pregnancy and their ability to access abortion. We found that social support and social capital – economic support in particular – were key facilitators of both abortion access and parenting, but participants often experienced barriers to economic support within their social networks due to poverty, unstable partnerships, structural inequality, and abortion stigma. Women experienced constraints to their reproductive autonomy, wherein they had no alternatives but abortion. Our findings suggest that increased economic support and de-stigmatization of abortion are needed to improve reproductive autonomy. Our findings also indicate that restricting and outlawing abortion services is significantly detrimental to the well-being of pregnant people, their families and networks, and their communities by perpetuating cycles of poverty and deepening socioeconomic and racial/ethnic inequities
Conducting a Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) Among Humanitarian-Affected Populations in Uganda: Fieldwork Strategies and Challenges
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