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Neglected gaps in improving the health, wellbeing, and care for sexual and gender minority young people living in low- and lower-middle- income countries: A scoping review
No full textBackground: There is a lack of reliable data on the size, characteristics, and experiences of sexual and gender minority (SGM) young people (ages 10–24) in low- and lower-middle- income countries (LMICs). This review examines the research conducted in the last thirteen years with and about SGM young people living in low-income settings and seeks to answer the question: What is known about the mental and physical health needs, safety, and wellbeing of SGM young people living in LMICs? Methods: We conducted a scoping review informed by the methodological frameworks put forth by Arksey and O’Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute. We systematically searched two general social science databases and one topic-specific database for peer-reviewed papers, of any research design, that included SGM young people or explored attitudes toward SGM young people in LMICs. We included papers that reported on factors influencing the health and wellbeing of SGM populations, including physical and mental health, healthcare-seeking behaviors, substance use, experiences of discrimination and/or stigma, experiences of violence and abuse (emotional, physical, and/or sexual), economically motivated paid sex practices, housing or economic security, and attitudes of others toward SGM populations. Results: Of the 5,409 unique records identified, 79 papers drawing from data collected from 74 unique studies met the inclusion criteria. Only 50 of the 79 papers included SGM young people as participants, with just 13 focusing exclusively on SGM young people ages 10–24. The included papers were classified into three thematic groupings: attitudes toward SGM populations (n = 26), risks to health (n = 40), and experiences of stigma and discrimination (n = 13). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the health and wellbeing of SGM young people in LMICs has been historically under-researched. While SGM young people have received more attention from researchers in recent years, the body of literature as a whole is disjointed and sparse, and often studies are about SGM young people, rather than with and for them. Our review highlights the need for more and better research, more accurate and disaggregated demographic data, and leadership and participation of SGM-led community-based organizations in the co-design of studies that focus on SGM young people
Webinar—Social and Behavior Change and the Enabling Environment for Family Planning
No full textBreakthrough RESEARCH, USAID’s flagship social and behavior change (SBC) research and evaluation project to drive the generation, packaging, and use of innovative SBC research to inform programming, held its third of four interactive legacy and learning events on 21 March 2023.
This event in the series on SBC and the enabling environment for family planning highlighted evidence, insights, and learnings over the life of the project to understand and foster a supportive enabling environment for family planning through SBC approaches. SBC approaches can best support family planning programs to achieve their goals when the context of the enabling environment is clearly defined and measured, better elucidating the pathways by which behavioral determinants influence health outcomes
Costing for family planning social and behavior change—Slide deck
Get PDFSlide deck for Breakthrough RESEARCH Legacy and Learning Event Series #4, held on 19 April 2023
Forgotten and exploited: The plight of migrant female domestic workers interrelated to human rights violation in Ethiopian towns
No full textThis study aims to investigate the experiences of migrant female domestic workers (FDWs) in relation to social exclusion, policy exclusion, and human rights violations in the studied area. The pragmatic paradigm, with an embedded design, was employed as the dominant approach. Convenience sampling was used to gather a sample of domestic workers who are not officially recorded. A total of 130 participants took part in the quantitative study, and 28 participated in the qualitative study. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS software, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results indicate that migrant FDWs are marginalized and excluded from the country’s labor laws, and the Council of Ministers has delayed issuing laws to protect them. As a result, most respondents do not have legally binding work contracts and instead have contractual arrangements that are drafted by brokers and favor employers. This leads to various human rights abuses, including the denial of the right to education and access to health care. In addition, employers were found to be reluctant to send their employees to school, and some even fired employees due to their illnesses. These experiences have led to mental health issues such as low self-esteem, feelings of despair and insecurity, and resentment toward employers and society at large. Therefore, it is recommended that the government and stakeholders take steps to advocate for the rights of FDWs and initiate programs to raise social awareness and inclusion in labor laws
Research snapshot: Impacts of cash-plus programs on child marriage
Get PDFA cluster randomised controlled trial in Wajir County, Kenya demonstrates that multisectoral cash-plus interventions can significantly reduce the incidence of adolescent childbearing and marriage
Results from the Basmeh & Zeitooneh (B&Z) intervention to empower adolescent girls and young women at risk of child marriage and poor reproductive health among the Syrian refugee population in Lebanon
Get PDFThis report presents results from the final evaluation of a social, health, and economic asset-building program implemented by the Lebanon-based non-governmental organization (NGO) Basmeh & Zeitooneh (B&Z) and aimed at reducing the social isolation of vulnerable adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 10–21 years old living in the Shatila and Burj al Barajneh refugee camps in South Beirut. The program sought to help girls gain the skills and knowledge they need to avoid child marriage and adolescent pregnancy and to make a healthy transition to adulthood despite the numerous challenges they face. The program focused on two sub-populations of girls at heightened risk of poor health and social outcomes: 10–15- year-old girls who are out of school and 13–21 year-old girls who are married. The report presents findings from the most recent iteration of this program, which took place in two phases—Round 2 between May and September 2022 and Round 3 between November 2022 and March 2023—and built upon a previous round of the program—Round 1—which was also conducted in partnership with Population Council (between May and September 2021)
Longitudinal examination of which married young women use contraception to delay a first pregnancy in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textEarly marriage and childbearing put young women and their babies at risk of poor health and well-being. This study uses two rounds of longitudinal data from young women ages 15–19 in 2015–2016 and followed in 2018–2019 to determine factors associated with contraceptive use before a first pregnancy among young, married women in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Discrete time hazard models were used to analyze time to first use starting from the month of marriage. Overall, use of contraception prior to a first pregnancy was low in this sample (between 12 to 20% used before a first pregnancy). Young women who reported that someone discussed the importance of delaying a first birth at the time of marriage were significantly more likely to have used a method of family planning (FP) before a first pregnancy than those who did not receive this information. Further, women who discussed FP with their husband before a first pregnancy were more likely to use contraception. Finally, among recently married young women, those who experienced pressure to have a child were less likely to use before a first pregnancy. As young women recognize the advantages of delaying a first birth and adopt FP to meet their needs, social norms around early childbearing will slowly adjust and early use to delay a first pregnancy will become more normative
