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Document d‘orientation sur l’utilisation de l’outil confidentiel ou sécurisé pour suivre les cas nouveaux ou récents de mutilation génitale féminine
Get PDFYoung Feminist Organizing (YFO) Project video—Nawiri: Who and Why
No full textGlobally and throughout history, young feminist activists have been a crucial part of feminist and social justice struggles in different settings and at different levels including the local, regional, and global levels. The Population Council Kenya in partnership with the Population Council Mexico and the Girl Innovation, Research, and Learning (GIRL) Center is implementing the Nawiri Project. The project conducts participatory, young-feminist-centered research and works closely with young feminist organizers (YFO), academics, and identified stakeholders to provide insights on the landscape of young feminist organizing and the impact (fostering improved outcomes and sustained change in government policies and society) with a focus on Kenya and Mexico
Examining the association between men\u27s gender equitable attitudes and contraceptive outcomes in rural Maharashtra, India
No full textBackground: Previous literature suggests that men reporting more gender-equitable attitudes are more likely to use condoms, but there is a paucity of data evaluating whether these attitudes are associated with contraceptive communication and use. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that men reporting more gender-equitable attitudes will be more likely to (a) engage in contraceptive communication with their wives and (b) that they and/or their wives will be more likely to use all forms of family planning, compared to men with less equitable attitudes. Methods: Using cross-sectional dyadic survey data from young married couples from rural Maharashtra, India (N = 989), we assessed the associations between men\u27s gender role attitudes and a) spousal contraceptive communication and b) contraceptive use by type (none, traditional, condoms, pills, or IUD). The contraceptive use outcome is based on wives\u27 report. We assessed these associations via bivariate t-test (communication outcome) or ANOVA test (contraceptive type outcome), as well as unadjusted and adjusted logistic (communication outcome) and multinomial logistic (contraceptive type outcome) regression models. Adjusted models included sociodemographic factors selected a priori based on established associations with gender-equitable attitudes and/or our assessed outcomes. Findings: Men with more gender-equitable attitudes were more likely to discuss family planning with their wives (AOR = 1·05, 95%CI 1·03-1·07, p \u3c 0·001) and to use condoms (ARRR = 1·03, 95%CI 1·00-1·06, p = 0·07). There was no association between gender-equitable attitudes and use of other types of contraception. Interpretation: While gender-equitable attitudes among men may facilitate condom use and family planning communication in marriage, they do not appear to be linked with greater likelihood of use of more effective types of contraceptive use. This suggests that males supportive of gender equity may take greater responsibility for family planning vis a vis a less effective contraceptive, condoms, in the absence of more effective short-acting contraceptives for men
Drivers of clean fuel adoption and consumption intensity at the household level in Pakistan
No full textThe use of solid fuel (dirty fuel) that includes firewood, coal, charcoal, crop residue, kerosene, and dung cake is hazardous to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing the household-level transition to clean fuel. Against this backdrop, the present study analyzes the clean fuel choice and consumption intensity using the latest HIES 2018–2019 data. Findings revealed that 76 and 14% of households in Pakistan use dirty cooking fuel in rural and urban areas, respectively. In addition, choices of fuel for cooking, heating, and lighting fuel vary across provinces. Probit and Tobit model shows that income, wealth, urban location, small family size, and fewer women and children influence households’ transition towards clean fuel. The study underscores the importance of tailored policies, including tariff structures, pricing mechanisms, and financial incentives, to accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient and clean technologies. These recommendations aim to drive sustainable energy access, economic growth, and environmental sustainability in Pakistan
Sub-national population projections for Mexico under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in the context of climate change
No full textDemographic projections are important for Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (IAV) assessments around climate change. When linked with physical models that delineate alternative outcomes of climate hazards, they lead to enhanced understanding of the location and size of the most vulnerable populations, thereby improving hot-spot analysis for more targeted intervention planning. These demographic projections should be consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) so their combination with climate projections offers a diverse set of perspectives for climate change risk assessments. Most SSP based projections have been developed at a national level, which mask local-scale heterogeneities. Mexico is a heterogeneous country in terms of climate hazards, demographic characteristics, aging population, and socioeconomic inequalities across regions and states. Thus, we translate the extended SSP scenarios to quantitative demographic assumptions based on regional distinct background conditions. We then use a multi-regional cohort component model to generate SSP-based demographic projections by gender and age for each Mexican state from 2020 to 2100. We also discuss several applications to highlight the added value of using spatially refined demographic projections for IAV analysis and targeted policymaking aimed at improving the resilience of Mexico’s population in relation to climate change. Our projections indicate that, under certain SSPs, domestic migration is a major driver of population change in some states. Our subnational SSP-based demographic projections are the first set of this type of projections for Mexico informed by regional differences in demographic processes, thereby enhancing the evaluation of medium-term and long-term effects of climate change in localized scales
Development of generic liposome products for drug delivery
No full textLiposomal formulations have gained significant attention as an effective drug delivery system due to their unique properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In this chapter, we discuss the general considerations for the design of generic liposomal formulations, their critical quality attributes, composition of marketed liposomal formulations, and various manufacturing methods such as thin film hydration, double-emulsification technique, and solvent injection method. We also explore the different methods of drug loading, including passive drug loading, active drug loading, and lipid drug conjugation. Additionally, we discuss various processing techniques such as ultrasonication, French pressure cell techniques, micro emulsification techniques, and extrusion of preformed liposomes. The regulatory considerations pertaining to generic liposomal product development are taken into account. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the design and manufacturing of liposomal formulations for drug delivery, which can guide researchers and clinicians in the development of effective generic liposomal formulations for several applications
The Girl Agenda Cannot Wait! Collaboration and Multi-Dimensional Investments Needed for Adolescent Girls’ Empowerment
Get PDFAddressing Garment Factory Workers’ Needs for Family Planning Information and Services in Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Egypt
Get PDFAssessing the feasibility, effectiveness, and outcomes of engaging family planning services in peri-urban/rural areas of Islamabad
Get PDFAssessing the acceptability of, adherence to and preference for a dual prevention pill (DPP) for HIV and pregnancy prevention compared to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and oral contraception taken separately: Protocols for two randomised, controlled, cross-over studies in South Africa and Zimbabwe
No full textIntroduction: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention method; however, uptake and persistence have been low among southern African women. A dual prevention pill (DPP) that combines PrEP with oral contraception (OC) may increase PrEP use and better meet women’s sexual and reproductive health needs. We will gauge the DPP’s acceptability in two cross-over clinical trials. Methods and analysis: PC952 (Zimbabwe) and PC953 (South Africa) will compare acceptability, adherence and preference for an over-encapsulated DPP versus PrEP and OCs taken separately. HIV-negative, non-pregnant cisgender females in Johannesburg, South Africa (n=96, 16–40 years) and Harare, Zimbabwe (n=30, 16–24 years) will be randomised 1:1 to the order of regimens—DPP or two separate tablets—each used for three 28-day cycles, followed by a 6-month choice period in South Africa. Monthly clinic visits include HIV and pregnancy testing; safety assessments and risk reduction and adherence counselling. We will assess adherence (monthly) based on tenofovir diphosphate drug levels in dried blood spots and by self-report. We will evaluate acceptability (monthly) and preference (end of cross-over) via computer-assisted self-interviewing and in-depth interviews with a subset of participants. Data collection started in September 2022 and ended in January 2024. Ethics and dissemination: PC952 was approved by the Ministry of Health and Child Care, Medical Research Council, Research Council and Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe; the Chitungwiza City Health Ethics Committee; and the Joint Research Ethics Committee for the University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. PC953 was approved by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority and the University of the Witwatersrand’s Human Research Ethics Committee. The Population Council IRB approved both studies. We will disseminate results in open-access journals, clinical trials registries, and at local and international meetings and conferences.
Trial registration numbers: NCT04778514, NCT04778527