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Effect of Magnitude and Distance on Peak Ground Acceleration Using a Modified Akkar & Boomer (2007) GMPE for North Sumatra
Full text linkThe Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) is very important in estimating the intensity of earthquake shocks as a basis for risk mitigation. This study aims to modify and validate the Akkar & Boomer (2007) GMPE using shallow earthquake data in the North Sumatra region for the period 2017–2023. The earthquake data were obtained from BMKG and included parameters such as magnitude, depth, and distance from the source. The analysis method involved nonlinear regression, data cleaning, and validation using residual analysis. The results showed that the maximum ground acceleration (PGA) tended to decrease nonlinearly with increasing distance from the earthquake source. The modified GMPE equation was: Log₁₀ PGA = −0.5916 + 0.5875M + 0.0576M² + (−0.8699 + − 0.1985M) Log₁₀(√R² + 8.2032²) + 0.105, with an R² value of 0.56 and prediction error values such as 0.21; MAE 0.36; RMSE 0.46; STD 0.46). Thus, the modification of GMPE based on local data can provide a more representative estimate of earthquake hazards to support mitigation efforts in North Sumatra
A Transformative Paradigm for Relational Nursing: A Narrative Review of the Theory of Communion-in-Caring
Full text linkModern nursing faces increasing challenges, including depersonalization, burnout, and the fragmentation of care delivery. In response, the Theory of Communion-in-Caring provides a transformative framework that re-centers nursing on its relational, moral, and spiritual dimensions. The objective of this review is to critically examine the theory’s conceptual, methodological, and practical contributions to nursing science. A qualitative content review was conducted on the first edition of the book, focusing on its philosophical assumptions, theoretical foundations, methodological proposals, practical applications, and future directions. Thematic analysis guided the data organization, using conceptual clarity, methodological rigor, contextual relevance, and interdisciplinary potential as key evaluative criteria. The review highlighted the theory’s grounding in Filipino cultural values and global relational ethics, positioning caring as a sacred communion of mutual presence and transformation. The theory promotes methodological pluralism, including phenomenology, narrative inquiry, and mixed methods that align with its relational ontology. It offers concrete strategies for nursing education, clinical practice, and administration, with promising interdisciplinary and community-based applications. Despite challenges in measurement and implementation, the theory presents a culturally authentic and philosophically coherent model of care. In conclusion, the Theory of Communion-in-Caring makes a timely contribution by restoring dignity, empathy, and relational meaning in nursing, offering a valuable paradigm for both local and global healthcare contexts.
Keywords: Nursing Theory, Caring Science, Communion, Filipino Values, Relational Ethics
An Integrated Holistic Approach Using Music Therapy and Hypnotherapy to Reduce Anxiety in Pregnant Women for Childbirth Preparation
Full text linkThe maternal mortality rate in North Sumatra in 2023 remained high at 78.82 per 100,000 live births. Anxiety during late pregnancy, with a prevalence of 18.2–24.6%, increases the risk of maternal and neonatal complications. Although non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy and hypnotherapy are widely used, evidence regarding the effectiveness of their combined application remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating hypnotherapy and music therapy in reducing anxiety among pregnant women. A quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups without randomization was conducted. The study involved 30 pregnant women in their second to third trimesters selected using purposive sampling (intervention group n=15; control group n=15). The intervention consisted of four sessions of guided hypnotherapy relaxation accompanied by slow-tempo classical instrumental music over a two-week period, with each session lasting 35–40 minutes. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A) before and after the intervention, and data were analyzed using the paired t-test. The results showed a significant reduction in anxiety scores in the intervention group, decreasing from 27.07 to 15.20 (p<0.001), while the control group showed no significant change (30.33 to 30.00; p=0.96). The reduction in anxiety was attributable to the intervention. The integration of hypnotherapy and music therapy was effective in reducing anxiety prior to childbirth and demonstrated better outcomes than the control group. This approach can be recommended as a comprehensive non-pharmacological intervention in prenatal care programs.
Keyword: Music therapy, Hypnotherapy, Pregnancy, Anxiety, Childbirt
Understanding Barriers to Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: A Qualitative Study from Health Professionals’ Perspectives
Full text linkThe declining number of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who opt for Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) as a renal replacement therapy is influenced by several factors, including high infection rates, limited patient and family knowledge, and restricted access to CAPD services. However, research exploring the perspectives of healthcare professionals, such as dialysis nurses and nephrologists, on this phenomenon remains limited. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of dialysis nurses and nephrologists regarding barriers to CAPD utilization. A qualitative descriptive design was employed, using semi-structured interviews with 12 participants, including 10 dialysis nurses and 2 nephrologists at a tertiary hospital in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Five major themes emerged: (1) Weak coordination, unsupportive policies, and limited expertise; (2) Infection risk as the primary challenge in CAPD; (3) Ineffective patient and family education in CAPD care; (4) Psychological barriers to accepting CAPD therapy; and (5) Determinants of patient decision-making in choosing CAPD, and 15 Sub-themes. This study highlights the barriers that patients face when choosing CAPD as a renal replacement therapy. Unsupportive policies, increased infection risks, and inadequate educational systems were identified as key challenges that require urgent evaluation and improvement. Strengthening these aspects is crucial to ensure optimal care for patients who opt for CAPD.
Keyword: Indonesia, Nephrologist, Nurse Perspective, Peritoneal Dialysis, Qualitative Study
Integrating Caring and Self-Leadership to Enhance Nurses’ Motivation in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Literature Review
Full text linkNurses’ motivation is a critical determinant of quality of care, professional engagement, and workforce retention. While self-leadership and caring leadership have been widely examined as separate constructs, the integration of caring values into self-leadership practices referred to here as caring-based self-leadership has not been systematically synthesized. This systematic review aims to identify, evaluate, and synthesize empirical evidence on caring-based self-leadership and its relationship with nurse motivation in hospital settings. Acomprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 in English or Indonesian. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and methodological quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. A total of 1,245 records were identified; 132 full-text articles were assessed, and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three main themes emerged: (1) self-leadership enhances intrinsic motivation through self-regulation and goal setting; (2) caring or engaging leadership provides organizational support that strengthens nurses’ motivation; and (3) psychological and organizational mediators/moderators (e.g., job resources, calling, affective commitment) shape these relationships. Substantial heterogeneity was observed across study design, measures and cultural contexts. Caring-based self-leadership promotes nurses’ intrinsic motivation and engagement through cognitive, emotional, and organizational mechanisms, offering a humanistic foundation for leadership development and quality improvement in nursing practice.
Keyword: Self-leadership, Caring Leadership, Nurse Motivation, Intrinsic Motivatio
A Systematic Procedure for Case Study Research in Biophilic Design: Toward Contextual and Regenerative Inquiry
Full text linkBiophilic Design is an architectural approach that seeks to restore and strengthen the human connection with nature as a means to enhance the physical and psychological well-being of building occupants. Over the past two decades, this concept has gained substantial attention across academic disciplines and professional practices worldwide. However, despite its growing prominence, there remains a lack of structured research methodologies that systematically explore the application of Biophilic Design principles across diverse architectural contexts. This study addresses that gap by proposing a systematic protocol for conducting case study research grounded in the theoretical framework of Biophilic Design. The aim is to provide clear and replicable methodological guidance for investigating how nature-based design strategies can support contextual and regenerative practices in architecture, including but not limited to vernacular or traditional environments. The research method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of peer-reviewed publications from reputable databases including Scopus, Web of Science (ESCI), and DOAJ, focusing on studies published between 2019 and 2024. Based on the synthesis of the selected literature, the study formulates a seven-stage protocol for case study research. These stages include case selection, data collection techniques such as field observation and in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis for qualitative data interpretation. The findings highlight the necessity of involving key stakeholders—such as cultural experts, historians, and anthropologists—throughout the research process to ensure accurate interpretation of local ecological and cultural values. This protocol is expected to serve as a methodological reference for researchers and practitioners seeking to implement Biophilic Design in a way that is context-sensitive, socially and ecologically regenerative, and rooted in local wisdom.
The Effect of Addition of Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium dc) on Physical Quality and Organoleptic Testing of Buffalo Meat Sausage
Full text linkMeat is one of the ingredients that is susceptible to physical damage caused by biochemical activity. Andaliman has biological activities such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial. This study aims to determine the effect of giving Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) on the physical quality and organoleptic test of buffalo meat sausages which were carried out in May-June 2025 at the Animal Production Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of giving Andaliman extract (P0 = 0%; P1 = 0.2%; P2 = 0.4%; P3 = 0.6%). The parameters observed were the physical quality of the sausage, including pH value, percentage of water binding capacity, and percentage of cooking loss as well as organoleptic tests of the sausage. The results of this study indicate that the administration of Andaliman extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) gave very significant different results on pH value, water binding capacity and sausage cooking loss. The administration of Andaliman extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) gave very significant different results on the color, aroma, texture and taste of sausages. The best treatment results were found in P3, namely with a concentration of 0.6%
Comparative Study of Silicate and Phosphate-Solubilizing Organisms Application for Reducing P Retention and Enhancing Corn Plant Growth (Zea mays L.) on Andisol
Full text linkA greenhouse study comparing the application of Silicate (lemongrass leaves and rice straw) versus Phosphate-Solubilizing Organisms (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing fungi) in reducing P retention and its effects on corn plant growth in Andisol soil. This study used a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with treatments consisting of: control, lemongrass leaf silicate (433,20 g/pot ), straw silicate (120,42 g/pot ), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (30 ml/pot), and phosphate-solubilizing fungi (30 ml/pot), with each treatment combination replicated 5 times. The observed parameters were soil pH (H2O), soil organic carbon, soil P-available, soil P retention, plant height, dry weight of plant canopy, dry weight of plant roots, and plant P uptake. The results of this study indicate that the application of lemongrass leaf silicate and straw silicate are more effective than the application of phosphate-solubilizing organisms in reducing P retention, increasing plant height, dry weight of plant tops, dry weight of roots, and phosphorus uptake. The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were able to increase the available phosphorus in the soil the most, followed by the treatment with silicate from lemongrass leaves, the control group, phosphate-solubilizing fungi, and silicate from rice straw, however, overall, these effects were not statistically significant
 
Evaluation of Soil Physicochemical Properties across Distinct Land Use Systems at Bina Widya Campus, Universitas Riau
No full textLand use is one of the key factors influencing both the physical and chemical properties of soil, including characteristics such as soil color and texture. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and fertility criteria of soils under different land use types. Five land use categories were selected for investigation: shrubs, grasses, Eucalyptus sp., mixed plantations, and oil palm. Each land use type consisted of three replications. Soil sampling was conducted at five designated points per land use type, with samples collected from a depth of 0–30 cm, resulting in a total of 75 samples. The research was carried out over a three-month period from April to July 2022 using a land survey approach and purposive sampling technique. The observed parameters included soil color, texture, permeability, pH, total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), total potassium (K), organic carbon (C), base saturation, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results revealed that the soil color was predominantly black (2.5Y 2/1), with a sandy loam texture. Soil permeability ranged from moderately fast to fast (6.33–23.68 cm·h⁻¹), while soil pH was acidic (4.75–5.11). Total nitrogen was categorized as low (0.11–0.18%), total phosphorus as very low (10.73–27.56 mg·100g⁻¹), and total potassium as very low to low (3.60–10.87 mg·100g⁻¹). Organic carbon content was low to moderate (1.49–2.45%), base saturation was very low (3.37–13.59%), and CEC was classified as very low to low (4.39–8.62 cmol(+)/kg).
The Potential of Various Composting Materials and Biochar as Soil Amendments to Increase Soil Nitrogen Availability (A Review)
No full textNitrogen is an essential soil nutrient that is often a limiting factor in agricultural practices due to its tendency to be easily lost from the soil through various natural processes. Maintaining and increasing nitrogen availability in the soil is a primary focus in efforts to increase agricultural productivity. The purpose of this article is to provide information on the potential of various compost and biochar materials as soil amendments. The method used was a literature review to collect data related to compost and biochar. Various sources of compost and biochar contain varying nutrient contents, which have the potential to increase nitrogen availability in the soil. Compost application to the soil contributes to the nitrogen cycle through mineralization and immobilization processes, and nitrogen adsorption by biochar can reduce nitrogen leaching. The application of various types of compost or a combination with biochar is recommended to maintain nutrient balance and improve soil quality. Future research can explore further to determine optimal strategies for compost and biochar application to support more productive and sustainable agriculture