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Category building of international students as language learners in two secondary schools
Get PDFThis paper reports on a small scale study of category building in the context of English language learning. The data for the current study is derived from the interviews with two students, one from China and the other from Mongolia, in two schools in Melbourne. The study uses Membership Categorization Analysis to give an account of identity by examining how categories of English language learner emerge and shift during the course of the interviews. The categories established by the participants in the two interviews were constructed around different attributes belonging to the category of international student. These emerged as a series of categorical binaries including international student and local student, language competence and language deficit, mainstream English and English as an Additional Language (EAL), and home country and Australia. As the participants took part in the interview, they moved towards accounts that integrated multiple viewpoints resulting in dynamically shifting categorisations. Through these categories, it was also possible to show how students were invited to display their learning and knowledge of English, and to give accounts of their English language development
The Ethics of TESOL a quarter century on
Get PDFDiscussion of ethical considerations in Australian TESOL began 25 years ago, with arguments about the need for TESOL professionals to be aware of the potentially harmful consequences of their work, the loss of first language proficiency, and even the loss of languages themselves (Williams, 1992, 1995). The intervening quarter of a century has seen sweeping changes to the context in which TESOL professionals work and developments in our professional knowledge about the processes and consequences of TESOL professional practice (Canagarajah, 1999; Phillipson, 1992, 2013). In this paper developments in the sociocultural context of TESOL, the general education context and the TESOL professional context are explored. This article revises the arguments about ethical directions in TESOL presented a quarter century ago to take account of these changes. Guiding principles for individuals and professional bodies are identified. It is argued that our role is to sensitively help our learners to explore the potential consequences of the learning of English, and for professional bodies to take an active role in advocacy given the impact of globalization processes, more centralized curriculum and assessment frameworks, and the relatively reduced capacity of individual teachers to influence the institutions that employ them
EDITORIAL ISSUE 1
No full textWriting about writing(as practice, as process, as intervention); thinking about writing(how it’s taught at a tertiary level, its role in what might be called ‘politics’, and linking its field to other fields of intellectual engagement, thinking its ontology and impact): Australia, arguably, already leads the world in umpteen aspects of this work. For many years, TEXT journal, associated with the Australasian Association of Writing Programs (AAWP), has been providing an erudite and rigorous forum for these questions and the work they demand.
In a changing landscape of higher education, of scholarly reach and fora for sharing ideas, cinder was cooked-up as a kind of wild, younger sibling of TEXT—to which it looks for inspiration, mentoring and points of resistance. As cinder’s editors, we saw a place for a journal welcoming shorter, pithier interventions on practices of ‘expressivity’ in the written, or textual form (with the all the variations on that which are intimated in our current moment). A cinder is an unstable node: a burning element that may peter out or start a veritable conflagration. In this way, (as well as its tongue-in-cheek reference to modes of promiscuity), cinder journal seeks to provide a site for burgeoning ideas—ones which may or may not be the origin of larger fires—because often with art and thought, we have to move forward into a hunch, a suspicion, and without a guarantee that the angle is productive or profitable. This is research, and so this inaugural issue of cinder includes work by six emerging scholars, most of whom are also practising writers as well as thinkers of writing. The writers here have responded to the review process—never easy—to hone their burgeoning hunch, idea, intervention, take and contribution. If these prove active—like embers with enough heat—we assume that these writers will write further into this vein, and that probably they will refine and extend the work, which may end up in a longer, more complex form in TEXT or in international journals, or which may simply inspire other practitioners, or provide a small, timely piece of a bigger puzzle in the ongoing work of writing, and keeping-on writing
Re-Invigorating Humanitarian Leadership Training
Get PDFThe environment in which humanitarian workers find themselves today is more complex and diverse than ever. Conflicts are increasingly complicated; natural disasters are escalating in number and intensity, often in regions already struggling with socio-economic and political constraints; there is an increasing focus on localisation; and large numbers of people are being forced to move across borders.So how do we ensure that our humanitarian leadership training stays relevant and useful in this increasingly complex world
Women’s Leadership in Humanitarian Settings in Central America
Get PDFDuring the first-ever World Humanitarian Summit last year, the global humanitarian community was abuzz around Local Humanitarian Leadership (LHL). Concrete commitments were made and reflected in the Grand Bargain as well as in the Charter for Change, proposing initial steps at the global level for a shift in power, knowledge and resources towards local humanitarian actors. There has never been a more appropriate time to look at women’s leadership in the humanitarian sector, particularly at the local level, as women’s leadership is also about transforming power structures and systems.We interviewed nine women leaders from Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, from civil society organizations members of the CRGR, feminists, academics, and humanitarian managers who have successfully led emergency response teams. Through interviews with these nine highly experienced leaders, we identified the daily challenges they face in the course of their work, and how humanitarian trainings could better cater to their leadership development needs. By highlighting the perspectives of these few women leaders in Central America, we wish to develop guidance on how women’s leadership can be made more visible in humanitarian workshops and training materials, and how to make the challenges women leaders face in the humanitarian sector better understood. Despite the small number of interviews and the qualitative nature of this report, the findings may also offer insights for learning in other areas of the globe, such as Asia
Faith in Action – the role of faith leaders in humanitarian action
Get PDFSince the dawn of history, faith has provided a foundation from which social norms develop - an estimated 83.6 per cent of the world’s population considers itself affiliated with a faith. This underscores the critical role that religious leaders can play in addressing humanitarian and development issues. There are two major roles that faith can play in this scenario- a) changing behaviours and mindsets and b) influencing policy and planning. Faith leaders not only enjoy a high level of influence amongst the general public, but usually also amongst policymakers and legislators. They often have a large following and their messages are actually listened and adhered too, often ‘religiously’, quite literally. Being community based, they are also amongst the ‘first responders’. In addition, their spiritual messages also hold the strong power of healing in post-disaster trauma situations. Faith can thus be instrumental at all stages of humanitarian work- pre and post, as well as during the emergency
Contemporary History: First Nation Australian Representations in Nanberry: Black Brother White
Get PDFRepresentations of First Nation Australian and Torres Strait Islanders (First Nation Australians) in children’s literature have gone through many changes since the first literature for children published in the late 1800s. These representations often conformed to and perpetuated negative stereotypes that have changed with the social and political landscape. Given the degree of cultural investment in children’s and young adult literature it is important to work towards a landscape in which negative stereotypes give way to representations reflecting deeper inter-cultural understandings. In this context, the analysis of contemporary texts representing First Nation Australians has an important role to play.
This paper analyses Nanberry: black brother white by Jackie French, published in 2011. Nanberry is of interest as it is a contemporary, critically-acclaimed young adult novel. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the representations of the First Nation Australian characters in the novel with reference to analytical frameworks put forward by Bradford (2001) and Lucashenko (2000/2009).
Nanberry introduces alternative narratives about the colonisation of Australia and its impacts by using artistic licence, by the adoption of First Nation Australian perspectives and also the perspectives of other historical figures of whom little to no primary evidence of their lives survives to the present day. Nanberry balances historical research with artistic licence and has an implied young, modern day readership. The intersection of these three factors, has resulted in conflict and incongruities between the characters, the plot and even the cover image. This paper argues that these incongruities and conflicts are highly problematic in relation to the representation of First Nation Australian experience
The Role and Liability of Certification Organisations in Transnational Value Chains
Get PDFCertification organisations have become important players in the monitoring of compliance with social and environmental standards. This is particularly the case in relation to corporate operators producing in or sourcing from developing countries. At the same time, some of the worst industrial disasters in recent years, such as the Ali Enterprises factory fire in Pakistan or the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh, occurred after the relevant operators had been certified for their compliance with standards. This raised doubts about the care that the relevant certification organisation had exercised. This article explores potential grounds on which corporate social responsibility (CSR) certification organisations may incur liability towards third parties, in particular employees of subsidiaries or suppliers. To this end, it discusses the functions of certification generally before it analyses the potential liability of certification bodies under German and English law. It considers various circumstances under which certification takes place, including certification that is required by law, certification that is required to obtain certain benefits, such as tax reductions, certification within private CSR schemes and the entirely voluntary use of CSR certification as an instrument of supply chain control
Adjusting the North-South Balance: Southern Judicial Boldness and its Implications for the Regulation of Global Supply Chains
Get PDFModern regulators have long grappled with the challenges of regulating multinational corporations and their cross-border supply chains. There is a tendency, in this context, to view the problem as one where the most serious or common abuses are to be found in the Global South, but the effective remedies mostly need to be found in the Global North. This article discusses recent examples of expansive, creative judicial activity from India, Colombia and the African regional judicial system to challenge this assumption. Some of today’s Southern judicial activity can break the stereotype in interesting and important ways, and our thinking about regulation in this context needs adjustment accordingly