Università del Salento: ESE - Salento University Publishing
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English and its Lingua Flankas: Some systematic features of English-based cryptic anti-languages
Get PDFThis article explores the dual nature of language as a tool for both inclusion and exclusion. It discusses the phenomenon of anti-languages distinguishing between incomprehensibility and crypticity, and highlighting how certain linguistic features can be decoded through systematic mechanisms. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of various forms of crypticity in English, including the use of cross linguistic borrowings (real or invented), reduction, transposition (e.g. backslang), and rhyming slang, illustrating how these features serve to obstruct comprehension while simultaneously offering access to the initiated few. Inevitably, given the nature of the subject matter, some of the lexis and the expressions discussed may be obscene in nature and offensive to some readers.
Conciliatory, yet Oppressive: the Kurdish Issue in Syria through the Eyes of Ba'thists from Party Foundation to the 8 March Revolution
Get PDFThis paper aims to shed light on the ideological premises and political activities of the Arab Socialist Ba'th Party toward the Kurds before its rise to power in Syria. To start with, the study will retrace the evolution of the Kurdish political movements and their initial interactions with Arab nationalists. Then, it will provide a detailed analysis of the Ba'thist theoretical framework, indicating that, in the early phase of its history, the party did not completely perceive the Kurdish issue as an existential threat to its goals. In addition, the research assumes that 'Aflaq's "conciliatory" vision began to weaken with the establishment of the United Arab Republic, which caused a radical reshuffling between Arab and Kurd relations. In particular, two dynamics will be investigated: the first one is related to the shift in ideological approach toward the minority issue in Ba'thist literature during the 1950s; the second one focuses on the change in perspective caused by the United Arab Republic and 8 March Revolution
Authority, Hierarchy and the Commune. A Textual Analysis of Öcalan And Bookchin In Light of The Pkk Dissolution Process
Get PDFThis article analyses the texts published by Öcalan between February and June 2025. It does so by focusing on some excerpts from the Perspektif sent to the PKK 12th Congress and published in Serxwebûn. A comparative textual analysis relates its content to that of some antecedent works by Öcalan and Murray Bookchin. The analysis seeks to achieve two objectives: (a) to show how the contrast between the commune and the state, central to the Perspektif, is reflected in the earlier elaboration, by Öcalan and Bookchin, of the relational phenomenology of communalist and domineering relations; and (b) to show how the ambivalence that the concepts of authority and hierarchy retain in both authors can help to frame and better understand Öcalan's comprehension of the authority he claims over the party. The analysis will focus on two core components of the Perspektif's argument: (a) the need for a turning point in the self-critical transformation of the personalities of the party cadres; (b) the need to base this transformation on a thorough understanding of the dilemma of choosing between commune and state. The analysis will show that the understanding of state authority and of the related mentality, as set out in Öcalan's Manifesto and Prison writings, revolves around logical and phenomenological antecedents to the state such as domination, authority, and hierarchy. While dominating attitudes, in his view, ought to be marginalised in the post-PKK transformed personalities, authority and hierarchy seem to maintain implicit practical relevance due to an ambivalence that they retain in societies organised around communal forms of cooperation
Policing Abortion in Poland The Role of Street-Level Law Enforcement Bureaucrats in Shaping Anti-Abortion Policy
Get PDFThe criminalization of abortion inevitably involves law enforcement agencies in the implementation of reproductive health policy. It entails the policing of certain aspects of abortion care services, their providers, and their clients. Frontline law enforcement officials involved in policing illegal abortions (i.e., police officers and prosecutors), as any other streetlevel bureaucrats (SLBs), possess discretionary power which can be used with either beneficial or detrimental outcomes to policy clients. As several reported incidents in Poland indicate, law enforcement SLBs may use their discretion to impose restrictions and sanctions on abortion that go beyond the provisions contained in the anti-abortion policy’s design. This paper presents a qualitative case study of two real-life examples of the use of discretion by law enforcement SLBs in implementing anti-abortion policy in Poland. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of streetlevel bureaucracy and reproductive justice, it aims to demonstrate that law enforcement SLBs’ use of discretion may not only enforce anti-abortion policies, but also reinforce their restrictiveness and punitiveness. The research contributes to the scholarship advocating the decriminalization of abortion
