Università del Salento: ESE - Salento University Publishing
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Ravenna Capitale. Codice Teodosiano e tradizioni giuridiche in Occidente. La terra, strumento di arricchimento e sopravvivenza
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On the convergence of an implicit and relaxed Krasnoselskii-Mann type process for nonexpansive mappings
Get PDFIn this paper, we answer a question raised by Hong-Kun Xu in [14] about the weak convergence of a generalized semi-implicit relaxed version of the Krasnoselskii-Mann process for nonexpansive mappings. The stability of this process is then studied, and some numerical experiments are provided in order to measure the effect of the process parameters on the convergence speed
Nomenclature popolari degli Sparidi in Salento. Folk-nomenclature of Sparidae in Salento
Get PDFEnThis research provides a contextual application to the emerging studies in folkbiology supported by the Dottorato Internazionale in Filosofia: Forme e storia dei saperi filosofici (Università del Salento / Sorbonne Université / Universität zu Köln). It was conducted within a doctoral project titled Among Cognitive Universals and Cultural Particulars: The Folkbiology of Osteichthyes in Salento and it draws primarily on the folkbiology framework, which Atran and Medin present, in their collection Folkbiology (MIT Press, 1999), as "an interdisciplinary perspective on people's everyday knowledge of the biological world" – specifically focused on the process of naming, classification and reasoning regarding living things. Although folkbiological studies reached Italian audiences through Cardona's 1985 handbook La foresta di piume: manuale di etnoscienza, they have not, to date, been the foundation for field research in Italy. We argue, however, that this cognitive perspective – which examines interactions among cognitive processes, culture, language, and perceptual data – offers a productive framework for anthropological research by facilitating a deeper and non-utilitarian analysis of cultural understanding. Within this framework, my research aims to document and analyze the folk nomenclature and classification of 90 fish species in Salento. Presenting a sample of these findings, this article focuses on the nomenclature of 22 species of Sparidae and outlines aspects of their categorial organization in the local maritime culture. The ethnographic approach adopted involved fieldwork across 8 coastal locations in Salento, all renowned for their rich maritime heritage. Data were collected through qualitative interviews, facilitated by a photographic inventory of each scientific species. This allowed for the reconstruction of folk nomenclature and classification based on the testimony of a sample of 14 fishermen, whose advanced age (average of 73), limited formal education, and extensive maritime experience make them authentic heirs of a traditional culture now in decline. The findings presented in the paper primarily include a collection of 48 vernacular fish names. Although some traces of folk-nomenclature have been documented for the Salento area by G. Rohlfs and C. Battisti, as well as in more recent publications, several names collected here are previously undocumented. Additionally, this approach allowed for a more precise correlation between vernacular names and scientific species. For each species, the popular names used within the eight study locations are presented, with particular attention to their semantic properties. Within folkbiology, it is not uncommon, in fact, that multiple names identify specimens of the same folk-species at different developmental stages or characterized by phenotypic variations due to habitat or gender. On the categorial level, the study documents instances of correspondence between folk and scientific species classifications. Some folk-species, however, represent an addition to scientific taxonomy: in these cases, specimens of a single scientific species are differentiated in two distinct folk class. Finally, the paper highlights a further form of non-isomorphism between these two classifications: the presence of folk-varietals, which denote intraspecific distinctions based on presumed biological discontinuities that are not considered by zoological taxonomy. Positioned at the intersection of anthropology and linguistic studies, my research holds interdisciplinary significance and contributes to folkbiology by providing field data on a relatively unexplored semantic domain within popular thought: the biodiversity of marine life.ItAlla base del folklore, il pensiero popolare riflette sugli stessi enti biologici che costituiscono l'oggetto della scienza zoologica e botanica: gli specimen di animali e piante incontrati nell'esperienza si ritrovano infatti denominati ed organizzati in classi concettuali anche da individui che non dispongono di una conoscenza scientifica. Questo processo di denominazione e classificazione, 'ingenuo' e spontaneo, procede ovviamente con finalità e principi organizzativi differenti da quelli adottati dal suo corrispondente scientifico. I due, però, sono accomunati dai loro risultati, in virtù di una serie di somiglianze formali, inerenti cioè alla struttura della classificazione, nonché sostanziali, a proposito del suo contenuto, che li caratterizzano – come è stato messo in risalto dalla Folkbiology, o biologia popolare. La ricerca che ho condotto si ispira fortemente a tale contesto di studi: essa ricostruisce la nomenclatura e la classificazione che fondano la cultura ittica popolare in Salento e le confronta con la classificazione filogenetica. Nel presente articolo, dopo aver presentato le generalità di tale ricerca e averne descritto l'approccio innovativo così come il carattere interdisciplinare, ne espongo i risultati, rendendo noti i nomi dialettali che denominano, sulle coste del Salento, 22 specie di Sparidi, nonché quelli delle varietà che le specificano all'interno della biologia popolare
Elogio dell'incolto. Patience Gray e le erbe spontanee edibili
Get PDFIn Honey from a Weed. Fasting and Feasting in Tuscany, Catalonia, the Cyclades, and Apulia, Patience Gray explores the close relationship between wild herbs and Mediterranean culinary traditions. The book details Gray's journey across the Mediterranean area, where she studied local food practices, focusing particularly on wild herbs and their role in both nutrition and culture. Gray and her partner, Flemish sculptor Norman Mommens, eventually settled in Salve, a small village in the extreme south of Apulia. There, Gray immersed herself in local botanical and culinary traditions, learning from the locals about the rich biodiversity of the region and how every plant had a function in the kitchen. The book is not just a cookbook; it is also a memoir and a treatise on the connection between people, plants, and the environment and a personal and intellectual exploration, blending recipes with stories, and emphasizing the importance of preserving knowledge about wild plants and their uses. She aims to preserve this disappearing knowledge and celebrate the traditional, foraged foods of the Mediterranean, presenting wild herbs as symbols of resilience and cultural identity. The study compares also the traditional use of wild herbs in Mediterranean cuisine with contemporary foraging practices, using modern examples like the ethnobotanical cuisine at the Mezza Pagnotta restaurant in Ruvo di Puglia (BAT) and Il Giardino sotto il naso in Lequile (LE), a kind of a small distillery based on weeds
Simbolismo e valori rituali. Il marchio da pane come espressione della cultura agropastorale lucana
Get PDFWhile it is true that the craftsmanship most closely linked to the agropastoral world belongs to the past and cannot be revived, it is also true that the production of certain objects linked to popular and agropastoral art and inserted into the social context of the time has come down to us, albeit in a completely different dimension, in many cases losing its original intended use and taking on new symbolic meanings linked to new historical, cultural and economic contexts, by virtue of new processes of producing authenticity, enhancing memory, recalling tradition, and induced feelings of nostalgia. One of the objects connected to Lucanian agropastoral culture in the past is the stamp or bread mark, strongly connotative of the Matera countryside. The production of this object as well as its use shows a strong cultural and symbolic identity linked to the ritual meaning of the practice of bread-making and the relationship between: 'dough grown' and ready to be baked, the object in charge of carving it and the individual performing this action. The bread mark represented the last act in the bread-making process and its main function was to mark the bread with the initials of the head of the family so that it would not be confused with other breads during baking. Its symbolic value was expressed in defining the ownership of the main food, often one of the only forms of sustenance, to the head of the family
Javanese ethnic minorities create peace: Phenomenological study of multicultural personality
Get PDFEthnic conflicts due to discrimination, oppression, violence, harassment, and genocide perpetrated by majority ethnic groups continue to this day, causing suffering and misery to ethnic minorities. Attempts made to address the ethnic conflicts are in vain. One alternative solution is fostering harmony in multicultural communities through preventive efforts. Hence, this study aims to describe the multicultural personality of ethnic minority communities that contribute to establishing peace in heterogeneous societies. Further, the theme of multicultural personality contributes to developing peaceful inter-ethnic relations. The study employed a phenomenological research design carried out in Seluma, Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key figures from the Javanese ethnic minority groups. The chosen technique for data analysis was interpretative phenomenological analysis. The research findings revealed the primary theme of multicultural personality and key sub-themes: cultural empathy, emotional stability, social initiative, open-mindedness, and flexibility. All of these contribute to peace in multicultural communities. The implications of this study are significant as a model to establish peace, applicable to communities with diverse ethnic backgrounds