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Appartenenza e alterità: sull'idea di cittadinanza nell'esperienza giuridica romana
Get PDFEnThe paper discusses a plethora of ideas regarding the concept of Roman citizenship, which is addressed in the light of a theory of fellowship and a theory of otherness. There will be a brief overview of the development of citizenship in Ancient Roman history. Several interpretations of well-known phrases, such as 'civis Romanus sum' or 'adipisci civitatem ob virtutem', are discussed and many phenomena are analyzed, such as the expulsion of the Latin population from Rome in the second century B.C. The purpose of this article is to suggest that, as far as possible, historical investigation should be conducted using an approach which anthropologists term emic: an attempt should be made to look from within the phenomena being studied, trying to conceive of the world from the protagonists' point of view, and to understand their 'reality', how they lived, in which contexts, in the awareness that each historical phenomenon is specific and unreproducible.DeDer Beitrag thematisiert eine Reihe von Ideen zum Konzept der römischen Staatsbürgerschaft, die im Lichte einer Theorie der Gemeinschaft und einer Theorie des Andersseins behandelt wird. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Staatsbürgerschaft in der antiken römischen Geschichte, werden verschiedene Interpretationen bekannter Redewendungen wie ‚civis Romanus sum' oder ‚adipisci civitatem ob virtutem' erörtert und zahlreiche Phänomene analysiert, wie etwa die Vertreibung der lateinischen Bevölkerung aus Rom im 2. Jh. v. Chr. Der Beitrag geht davon aus, dass die historische Forschung so weit wie möglich mit einem Ansatz durchgeführt werden soll, den die Anthropologen als emisch bezeichnen: Man sollte versuchen, sich in die untersuchten Phänomene hineinzuversetzen. Man sollte also versuchen, die Welt aus der Sicht der Protagonisten zu betrachten und ihre ‚Realität' zu verstehen, wie sie lebten, in welchen Kontexten, in dem Bewusstsein, dass jedes historische Phänomen spezifisch und daher nicht reproduzierbar ist
'In eius facie scribatur': il volto e la pena nell'antichità greco-romana
Get PDFEnThis article examines tattooing and branding – specially the penal mutilation of the forehead – as a form of body inscription and modification in Graeco-Roman Antiquity. The Greeks of Athens were originally exposed to the tattoo from the Thracians but rejected it as a barbarian act until the Persians used the tattoo for Greek prisoners during the Persian War in the 4th century BCE. The Greek tattoo evolved from a marker of prisoners to an identifier of any criminal or slave. From the Greeks, the Romans inherited the punitive tattoo and continued to implement it for criminals, prisoners, and slaves. The Romans standardized the process and shifted to a lexical design with tattoos that contained phrases or acronyms. The Roman tattoo continued until Constantine, when the Christian emperor outlawed the punitive tattoos that had originally been placed on the forehead because they insulted the likeness of God that humans were created in. The research focus is on the function of the forehead's stigma: a forced mark that replaces the servus/captivus' individual identity with a permanent symbol of shame.FrL'engagement de cet article consiste à examiner la pratique de la marque frontale, appelée stigma, comme peine qui, dans l'Antiquité gréco-romaine, nullifie un individu : un homme au front inscrit n'est plus identifiable ; il est vivant, mais il n'existe plus. A Rome, on tatoue au visage les esclaves fugitifs, surtout lorsqu'ils ont été condamnés par leur maître à des travaux forcés, à la torture ou aux bêtes. Cet article essaie de montrer dans quelle mesure le stigma soit l'inscription tégumentaire qui blesse le plus gravement l'identité d'une personne, car il n'y a plus de traits individuels, mais seulement l'ombre du supplice, qui interdit toute identification
Sul surrealismo "riflessivo" di Michel Leiris. Appunti dal Cahier Dakar-Djibouti (1931-33)
Get PDFThe Author reconstructs the intense ethnographic and cultural activity of Michel Leiris, his relationships with the French surrealist movement, his rich essay production that followed the extraordinary experience of the Dakar-Djibouti mission
L'efficienza di un Regno: giustizia, controllo sociale e religiosità in Federico II di Svevia (1194-1250)
Get PDFFrederick II Roger of Hohenstaufen, raised and educated in the context of the Arab-Norman civilization of Sicily, gave his kingdom a highly innovative character, with successful directions and attitudes. His intense and complex action of renewal manifested itself in various fields of knowledge, through a moralizing and cultural legislative activity to which the emperor entrusted his judicial and executive power in the Regnum Siciliae. But what is often overlooked about the Swabian's personality is that he exercised some principles of solidarity and justice which, perhaps, show a slightly different man, with feelings of humanity, fearful of God and of the Church
Modelli insediativi dalla fine dell'età del Ferro all'età romana tra regio V e regio VI adriatica
Get PDFEnThe transition between Late Iron Age and Roman Age is an issue still debated in the archaeological studies of the Italian region of Marche, specifically Picenum, ager Gallicus and Umbria adriatica. This work presents the method and the goals of this research, which aims to study the settlement patterns developed in the territory of the regiones V and VI adriatica to understand the process of transformation and analyse the relationships between Rome and pre-existing populations.ItLe fasi di passaggio tra la fine dell'età del Ferro e la romanizzazione sono un tema tuttora dibattuto e bisognoso di ulteriori approfondimenti nella letteratura archeologica relativa alle attuali Marche, nel dettaglio Piceno, ager Gallicus e Umbria adriatica. In questo contributo si presenteranno i metodi e gli obiettivi della ricerca in corso, che si propone di studiare i modelli insediativi che si sono sviluppati nel territorio delle regiones V e VI adriatica, per comprenderne i processi di trasformazione e analizzare i rapporti tra Roma e le comunità preesistenti
Archeobotanica dell'Adriatico in età romana: stato dell'arte
Get PDFEnThe shores of the Adriatic Sea since Prehistory have been a crossroads of cultural, human and commercial exchanges between West and East and in all this the Roman civilization could not have failed to exploit this internal "canal" that united the shores of the Italian and Balkan peninsula. The Adriatic Sea is also unique from an environmental and climatic point of view, with marine and wind currents coming from Africa and the Balkans meeting and colliding, resulting in rather intense meteorological cycles. All this was decisive in the history of the Adriatic and its coasts, during the Roman period; how much natural environmental conditions have influenced anthropic ones and vice versa; through a review of paleoenvironmental and archaeobotanical studies we will try to define the impact that Romanization had on the territories and environments along the two western and eastern shores of the Adriatic.ItLe sponde del Mare Adriatico sin dalla preistoria sono state un crocevia di scambi culturali, umani e commerciali tra occidente e oriente e in tutto ciò la civiltà romana non avrebbe potuto non sfruttare questo "canale" interno che univa le coste della penisola italiana a quelle della penisola balcanica. Il mare Adriatico rappresenta anche un unicum dal punto di vista ambientale e climatico: le correnti marine ed eoliche provenienti dall'Africa e dai Balcani che si incontrano e si scontrano, determinano cicli meteorologici piuttosto intensi. Tutto questo è stato determinante nella storia dell'Adriatico e dei suoi litorali, durante il periodo romano, infatti le condizioni ambientali naturali hanno condizionato quelle antropiche e viceversa. Attraverso una review degli studi paleoambientali e archeobotanici si cercherà di definire l'impatto che la romanizzazione ha avuto sui territori e gli ambienti lungo le due sponde occidentali e orientali dell'Adriatico