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Pietate necessitudinis ductae. Settimio Severo, Ulpiano e l'accusatio del tutor suspectus
Get PDFEnThe article deals with women's entitlement to an accusation towards tutor suspectus. Ulpian states that women moved by pietas of necessitudo, namely the mother, the nurse, the grandmother and the ward's sister, are entitled to bring the accusation. Ulpian claims that are entitled to the accusation also women, different from those mentioned above, if considered by the pretor as moved by pietas and acting within the boundaries of verecundia and without offending the wards.FrL'article traite du droit des femmes à accuser leur tuteur suspect. Ulpian déclare que les femmes déplacées par pietas de necessitudo, c'est-à-dire la mère, la nourrice, la grand-mère et la soeur du pupille, ont le droit de promouvoir l'accusation. Ulpian précise qu'il y a aussi d'autres typologies de femmes différentes de celles mentionnées ci-dessus qui ont droit à l'accusation, c'est-à-dire celles que le préteur considère déplacées par pietas et qui agissent dans les limites de verecundia et sans offenser les pupilles
Studien zur compensatio mutuorum legatorum
Get PDFEnThe essay deals with compensatio mutuorum legatorum that is the offset regarding mutual legacies left to coheirs; this offset is realised by itself. This phenomenon did not appear until the late classical period of Roman private law. The author observes that compensatio mutuorum legatorum was applied in several cases by Papinian, rejected by Paulus, applied and developed by Diocletian.ItIl saggio si occupa della compensatio mutuorum legatorum intesa come la compensazione automatica fra mutui legati a coeredi. Fenomeno, questo, che non sembra essersi presentato prima dell'ultima fase dell'età classica del diritto privato romano. L'autore osserva in particolare che Papiniano ne avrebbe fatto applicazione in alcuni casi, che Paolo non l'avrebbe riconosciuto, e che infine Diocleziano l'avrebbe recepito e sviluppato
Colpa della vittima e risarcibilità del danno ingiusto
Get PDFEnThe paper is concerned with the problem of 'contributory negligence' in Roman law. It shows that modern scholars have invented and attributed to the Romans an 'all-or-nothing approach', a theory of culpae compensatio, into which they have attempted to force the Roman texts. However, an exegetical analysis of primary sources establishes incontrovertible proof that no principle of contributory negligence ever existed in Roman jurisprudence.EsEl desarrollo de este trabajo se centra en la análisis sobre el sentido y alcance de la llamada compensación de culpas en la lex Aquilia. El derecho siempre se ha ocupado de analizar la influencia que la conducta de la victima ha tenido en la produccion y extension del dano sufrido. Una opinión generalizada sostiene que en derecho romano se habría aplicado el principio de compensación de culpas con su resultado todo o nada, pero la expresión compensación de culpas es producto del trabajo de los juristas medievales, quienes la forjaron a partir de la interpretación de diversos pasajes del Corpus Iuris. De hecho, todos los fragmentos de D. 9.2 que parecen aludir a la culpa de la víctima como causal de exoneración de responsabilidad del agente pueden ser explicados a la luz de otras reglas (falta de la iniuria, asuncion de riesgos de parte de la victima)
Parentes alere: imperatori, giuristi e declamatori
Get PDFEnThe Alimenta requirement was of legal importance for the family, according to the prevailing doctrine, only during the principality, developing through cognitio extra ordinem and the imperial constitutions. The analysis here focuses on the obligation of children towards their parents, where two rescripts are fundamental: those of Antoninus Pius and Divi Fratres, as well as two sententiae attributed to Hadrian, the authenticity of which seems to be accepted today. But, besides the later imperial provisions, the jurists of the first principality were already theorizing about the feeding of parents by their children. In such a context, to better understand the transition from moral duty to legal duty, the author has focused on the world of rhetorical literature, as this has often been the subject matter of rhetoricians. One of the most common provisions in the schools of rhetoric is the one which requires children to provide food for their parentes, under pain of being chained. Because lawyers had a thorough rhetorical training, both this rule and the arguments put forward in the demonstrative part of their rhetorical speeches may have played a decisive role in further legal theorization.FrL'exigence alimentaire a été rendue juridiquement pertinente dans la famille, selon la doctrine dominante, seulement pendant la principauté, se développant à travers la cognitio extra ordinem et les constitutions impériales. L'analyse a porté sur l'obligation des enfants envers leurs parents: en particulier il y a deux rescrits fondamentaux de Antonin le Pieux et Divi Fratres, ainsi que deux sententiae dues à Hadrien, dont l'authenticité semble être acceptée aujourd'hui. Mais, au-delà des interventions impériales successives, déjà les juristes de la première principauté ont théorisé les moyens de subsistance des parents de la part de leurs enfants. Dans un tel scénario, pour mieux comprendre la transition du devoir moral à l'obligation légale, l'auteur a abordé la portée de l'enquête dans le monde de la littérature déclamatoire, étant le sujet traité par les rhéteurs à plusieurs reprises. L'une des normes les plus courantes dans les écoles de déclamation est celle qui exige aux enfants l'obligation de fournir de la nourriture à leurs parents, sous peine d'être mis dans les chaînes. Puisque les juristes avaient reçu une formation rhétorique approfondie, et cette règle et les arguments avancés dans la démonstration des diatribes ont pu jouer un rôle décisif dans les élaborations successives
Vanissimas Papias leges exclusit. Note intorno ai limiti di età nella lex Iulia e nella lex Papia
Get PDFEnThis essay deals with the problem concerning the interpretation of the rules on the minimum age for marriage as fixed by the lex Iulia, and the minimum age for bearing children established by the lex Papia. Some scholars affirm that the two laws set different age limits and, in particular, the minimum age, according to the lex Papia, would have been lower than the age limit fixed by the lex Iulia. Yet, it appears more than reasonable to question this stance on the age limits established by the two laws for a number of reasons. First, the evidence one can read in Tertullian (Tert. Apol. 4.8) does not prove crucial in supporting the above-mentioned stance and the relevance of its ambiguous and perhaps biased content should not be, therefore, overestimated. Moreover, an in-depth analysis and a new interpretation of two further sources, namely Ps. Ulp. lib. sing. reg. 16.1 and Herod. 3.8.4-5 can help to shred a new light on the problem of the age limit as fixed by the lex Iulia and the lex Papia and let us infer, instead, that both the leges established the same rule.DeDer Aufsatz behandelt ein besonderes Auslegungsproblem bezüglich der zwei Mindestalter, ausgehend von demjenigen, das die Verpflichtung zu heiraten nach der lex Iulia betrifft und dem zu zeugen nach der lex Papia. Einige Wissenschaftler gehen davon aus, dass das Mindestalter in den Gesetzen ursprünglich unterschiedlich festgelegt worden sei. Insbesondere wird vertreten, dass die lex Papia ein niedrigeres Mindestalter im Vergleich zur lex Iulia festgesetzt habe. Es scheint aber aus verschiedenen Gründen zweckmäßig, die Glaubwürdigkeit des nicht eindeutigen und wahrscheinlich tendenziösen Zeugens Tertullian (Tert. Apol. 4.8) wieder anzupassen und dank einer neuen Auslegung von Ps. Ulp. lib. sing. reg. 16.1 und angesichts der sich aus Herod. 3.8.4-5 ergebenden Daten die Möglichkeit zu berücksichtigen, dass das von der lex Iulia und der lex Papia vorgesehene Mindestalter, ausgehend von dem für die Ehe- und Zeugungspflichten, nicht unterschiedlich, sondern auch ursprünglich gleich war
Il metodo del diritto comparato o nel diritto comparato? Riflessioni su un tema classico e sempre attuale.
Get PDFTestamenta e propinquitas nella declamatio minor 308 (Duo testamenta)
Get PDFEnThe paper deals with a Declamatio minor, No. 308. The Declamations are a literary genre that usually consisted of exercises for students in rhetorical schools. Declamatio minor 308 deals with the case of a testator who had made two wills, one after the other: in each of them he had named a different friend as heir. The dispute arose in the event that the second will was declared invalid. The arguments discussed in this text are also of interest to legal historians and may help to clarify certain issues concerning the validity and invalidity of wills in the debate at the end of the 1st century AD.DeDie Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit einer Declamatio minor, die Nr. 308. Die Declamationes sind eine literarische Gattung, die i.d.R. aus Uebungen fuer Studenten in der rhetorischen Schulen bestanden. Die Declamatio minor 308 behandelt den Fall eines Testators, der zwei Testamente nacheinander angefertigt hatte: in jedem von beiden hatte er einen unterschiedlichen Freund als Erbe eingesetzt. Die Kontroverse entstand für den Fall, dass das zweite Testament als ungültig erklärt worden war. Die in diesem Text behandelten Argumenten sind auch für den Rechtshistoriker von Interesse und helfen möglicherweise dazu, einige Fragen aus der Debatte (am Ende des 1. Jhdt. n. Chr.) über Gültigkeit und Ungültigkeit von Testamenten zu klären