Università del Salento: ESE - Salento University Publishing
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Sulla stessa barricata. Il movimento anarchico fra Russia e Sud Italia
Get PDF“Anarchism is essentially a Russian product” – stated in such a way Nikolay Berdyaev in his The Russian Idea. Indeed, anarchism as a historical movement, as a political idea, as a lifestyle is essentially a Russian phenomenon, with Mikhail Bakunin in particular as its greatest exponent. Our reflection will start from the historical period in which Mikhail Bakunin arrives in Italy, in Naples, where he defines more clearly his political thought and recollects around himself the main members of the International Workers’ Association, who will contribute to the history of Italian anarchism in southern Italy. Approaching the writings by Bakunin, Enrico Covelli, Carlo Cafiero and Errico Malatesta, we will discuss the common traits of Russian ad Italian anarchism through the key concept of freedom, people, and contradiction in order to re-elaborate Russian and Italian anarchism in terms of local activism and associational engagement, when and where it is needed
Sano e muto come un pesce. Comparazioni di grado e di analogia passate alla storia della lingua
Get PDFAmong the sayings, proverbs and maxims of classical literature collected by Erasmus of Rotterdam in the Adagiorum collectanea, there are several idiomatic expressions related to fish. Among them are two comparative expressions that have entered the Italian language and whose use is particularly important today: sanior es pisce / pisce sanior (“healthier than a fish”) and magis mutus, quam pisces / pisce magis mutus (“dumber than a fish”). The article aims to trace the linguistic history of these two stereotypical expressions from a semantic and structural point of view
Saisir l’intermédialité du discours numérique en acte
Get PDFMuch research has been dedicated in recent years to the rhetoric and poetics of digital discourse. These have tried to grasp the techno-structure of "screen writing", examining with precision the links between the coded dimension and its visible manifestations, or studying closely the role of the "architext", the technical, industrial and ideological guidance of writing and reading practices by software tools and platforms. I myself have actively participated in this field of research, being interested on the one hand in the role of code and algorithms, and on the other hand in the role of software that facilitates the process of digital writing and at the same time constrains it, models it, normalizes it; The question of knowing which visions of the world are encoded in software tools and platforms has been central to my research on digital discourse, since it seems obvious that social networks such as Facebook, for example, have not only popularized digital writing by providing authors with a theoretically unlimited number of receivers, but also by encoding in the device visions of what friendship, community, popularity, life in society, and the contemporary subject mean. Fewer are the analyses that place at the center of their methodology the "interpretative filters" mobilized by the subject, faced with the digital discourse. In this article, I will try to circumscribe the rhetoric of digital discourse by relying on two complementary methodological frameworks: the theories of intermediality, which will allow me to grasp some of its techno-semiotic specificities through the prism of production and reception, and social semiotics, which places at the center of the analysis the action of the "interpretive filters" mobilized by the subject in dealing with signs
La traduction automatique neuronale (TAN) et ses discours. Réflexions sur les implications discursives et sociétales des usages actuels de la TAN
Get PDFWhile we hear more and more about the miracle of so-called 'neural' machine translation (NMT), all too little attention is paid to discourse on NMT. In this paper I analyse this discourse focusing on the hype around artificial intelligence in general and machine translation in particular, including the now often mentioned generative AI (based on generative pre-trained models, GPT). how it is actually used and how users perceive it. As a counterpoint to these analyses, I then focus on actual uses on NMT. Who are the users of machine translation systems today, and what are their practices? What do they know about machine translation and how do they perceive it? Based on data available in the literature and from recent surveys, I seek to define the current uses of NMT, in order to show the advantages that certain well-supervised uses can present, as well as the risks incurred by unsophisticated users. These risks are linked with well described effects of influence, persuasion and sometimes disinformation, in order to show that the risks incurred are still considerable but that what users need most is long-term projections, ethical discussions and AI commons
Knowledge reconstruction in dictionary entries: A case of cognitively-motivated onomasiology in Microsoft Azure Glossary of need-to-know cloud computing terminology
Get PDFThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the manner in which a dictionary, considered here a type of specialist text, may prove an applicable tool of knowledge reconstruction. It is suggested that the role of dictionary entries is not delimited to mere denotations of concepts. Rather, terms included in dictionaries are approached as access points to conceptual structures and, as such, instantiations of specialist (specialists’) knowledge. The paper seeks to account for the conceptual motivation behind the semantics of lexical items in the target domain of cloud computing and it is assumed that reconstructing a portion of specialist extralinguistic reality is facilitated through cognitively-motivated onomasiology. To that end, it is postulated that onomasiological concrete-to-abstract directionality may be lexicalised in dictionary entries through cognitively-motivated tools such as conceptual metaphors and image schemas. In the cognitive-linguistic view, our conceptual structure is organised through conceptual metaphors which may not be comprehended independently of their experiential basis. Therefore, the treatment of lexical items in this paper is cognitive-linguistic in spirit. Dictionary entries were checked for potential lexicalisations of cognitively-motivated onomasiology using the methodological apparatus offered by Pragglejaz Group’s MIP metaphor identification procedure and Charteris-Black’s CMA corpus approach to metaphor analysis
Per una 'diversa' narrazione della storia e del potere. Mary Shelley e il romanzo Valperga. Vita e avventure di Castruccio, principe di Lucca
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Il greco salentino: una lingua come risorsa per una riscoperta d'identità
Get PDFEnIn this article, drawing on a series of authoritative contributions by 20th century linguists, I aim to reflect on the role of language researchers in the field of language planning and the study of endangered languages at the dawn of the third millennium, when the idea of the whole humanity's cultural growth and the socio-economic progress of smaller communities seem to clash with the possibility to safeguard linguistic diversity. The opportunity for discussing these issues derives not only from the theme and title of the scientific meeting in which it has been presented, but also from its direct reference to the linguistic investigations that are often conducted today on Griko, a language that, in several places where it was historically spoken, can now be said to be in danger of extinction.ItIn quest'articolo, prendendo spunto da una serie di autorevoli contributi di linguisti del Novecento, mi propongo di riflettere sul ruolo dei ricercatori linguistici nel campo della pianificazione linguistica e dello studio delle lingue in pericolo all'alba del terzo millennio, quando l'idea della crescita culturale dell'umanità e il progresso socio-economico delle singole comunità sembrano scontrarsi con la possibilità di salvaguardare la diversità linguistica. L'occasione per discutere di questo problema deriva non solo dal tema e dal titolo dell'incontro al quale è stato proposto, ma anche dal suo diretto riferimento alle ricerche che sono spesso condotte oggi sul griko, una lingua che, sopravvissuta per secoli in diverse località dov'è stata storicamente parlata, può dirsi oggi in pericolo di estinzione
«Cambiare tutto per non cambiare niente». Considerazioni sulla Ceramica a Pasta Grigia nel sud-est d'Italia
Get PDFEnThe class of Grey Gloss Ware was identified and defined in the early 1980s thanks to the work of Liliana Giardino, which was later developed by Douwe Yntema. It represents a true guide fossil for the archaeological contexts of southeastern Italy from the 2nd to the 1st century B.C. In the morphological repertoire, the class was directly linked to black gloss fabrics, while from a technical point of view, firing in a reducing environment produced an effect of close correlation with metal productions. This work proposes some general considerations of chronological, morphological, and technical nature, with particular regard to the 'plate' form; some unpublished documents from Vaste and Oria are also presented.ItLa classe della Ceramica a Pasta Grigia è stata identificata e definita all'inizio degli anni '80 grazie al lavoro di Liliana Giardino successivamente sviluppato da Douwe Yntema. Essa rappresenta un vero e proprio fossile guida per i contesti archeologici dell'Italia sud-orientale del II-I sec. a.C. Nel repertorio morfologico la classe si collegava direttamente alle produzioni a vernice nera, mentre dal punto di vista tecnico la cottura in ambiente riducente produceva un effetto di stretta correlazione con le produzioni in metallo. Il presente lavoro propone alcune considerazioni di carattere generale cronologico, morfologico e tecnico, con particolare riguardo alla forma "piatto"; vengono inoltre presentati alcuni documenti inediti provenienti da Vaste e Oria