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A shallow slow slip event in 2018 in the Semidi segment of the Alaska subduction zone detected by machine learning
No full textSlow slip events (SSEs) have been discovered at shallow depth near the trench in some subduction zones and have been linked to the triggering of large earthquakes and the absence of tsunami. These shallow SSEs are invariably submarine, making it difficult to observe their temporal and spatial extent. Here, we report a shallow SSE in late 2018 near the west Semidi segment of the Alaska subduction zone, up-dip of and preceding the Mw 8.2 Chignik earthquake on July 29th, 2021. The SSE was detected in data from an offshore array of seafloor pressure gauges by a machine learning method. This detection is supported by the spatial pattern of simulated SSE deformation, the increased seismicity after the SSE in the positive Coulomb stress change area, the lack of shallow slip in Chignik earthquake, and the absence of a sizable tsunami following the Chignik earthquake. Our method has the potential to transform the way offshore SSEs are detected and to improve tsunami hazard assessment in subduction zones
Hydrovolcanic Explosions at the Lava Ocean Entry of the 2018 Kilauea Eruption Recorded by Ocean-Bottom Seismometers
No full textFrom the beginning of May 2018, the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii experienced its largest eruption in 200 yr followed by a period of unrest for months. Because hot molten lava entered the ocean from the ocean-entry point near the lower East Rift Zone, the lava–water interaction led to explosions. Some explosions were near the water surface and ejected fragments of lava, also known as lava bombs. In the early morning on 16 July 2018, one of those lava bombs, which was almost the size of a basketball, hit a sightseeing boat and injured 23 people. In this study, we analyzed the hydrophone data recorded from July to mid-September by ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) deployed offshore near the ocean entry point to identify and locate the hydroacoustic signals of the lava–water explosions. Acoustic signals of hydrovolcanic explosions are characterized by a short duration (less than a few seconds) and a broad frequency range (at least up to 100 Hz). To automate event detection, a short-term average versus long-term average method was applied to the complete dataset. Approximately 4300 events were detected and located near the coastline and further used to prepare a catalog. The distribution of the lava–water explosions is consistent with the pattern of the offshore lava delta formed during the 2018 eruption. Identifying such hydroacoustic signals recorded by OBSs may provide new avenues of research using various seismoacoustic events associated with volcanic eruptions
Usage Statistics: Project COUNTER R5 tr_j1 Report FY2022 - Journal Requests (Excluding OA_Gold) by Platform
No full textProject COUNTER R5 Report TR_J1 for the University of Rhode Island for the period from July 1, 2021 - June 30, 2022. The TR_J1 report is defined as Journal Requests (Excluding OA_Gold). This report presents an annual total only and only includes those platforms successfully configured for automated harvesting via SUSHI.
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Total Item Requests - 771,947
Unique Item Requests - 578,43
CJN Consulting
Get PDFCourtney Noumair, a 1994 graduate of URI, worked as a technical designer in New York City for companies such as Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren. She founded her own company, CJN Consulting, in 2013. She and her husband founded a company called Whirly Bird in 2020 to produce vintage-inspired shirts. Good technical designers are essential to the fashion business
Winds of change: examining attitude shifts regarding an offshore wind project
No full textUnderstanding how local attitudes toward commercial-scale renewable energy change over time should provide insight into how to engage communities and influence public acceptance during the energy transition. To augment the scarcity of longitudinal research on social acceptance of renewable energy, we use a mixed methods approach to explore how opinions regarding the Block Island Offshore Wind Project changed over time. We analyze two-year panel data from a survey of Block Island and coastal RI residents with a regression model and interviews to observe how opinions were influenced by attitude strength attributes, esthetics, general attitude towards wind power, process fairness, and demographics. Using the multi-layered results, we produce recommendations for stakeholders to better foster community relations from planning to operation. Abbreviations: Block Island Offshore Wind Project (BIOWP): Block Island; (BI): Rhode Island; (RI): Relative risk ratio; (RRR): Power purchase agreement (PPA)
The universe of fluorinated polymers and polymeric substances and potential environmental impacts and concerns
Get PDFPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of surface treatment chemicals falling under non-polymeric and polymeric categories. Polymeric PFAS are comprised of fluoropolymers, perfluoropolyethers, and side-chain fluorinated polymers (SCFPs). Fluorinated polymers and polymeric substances have gained a significant market due to their chemical stability. To date, research and regulatory concern has primarily focused on the environmental occurrence and health effects of non-polymeric PFAS, particularly perfluoroalkyl acids and precursors. Industries consider most fluoropolymers as being “polymers of low concern”, although there is already a considerable environmental burden and widespread contamination resulting from their production, manufacturing, and use. For example, SCFPs are widely used, and known to release their perfluorinated side chains. Concerted action is needed to address the dearth of environment-associated information and understanding on polymeric PFAS
Glacial Southern Ocean Expansion Recorded in Foraminifera-Bound Nitrogen Isotopes From the Agulhas Plateau During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition
Get PDFThe emergence of 100-Kyr glacial cycles (The Mid-Pleistocene Transition [MPT]) is attributed in part to slower global overturning circulation and iron stimulation of biological carbon drawdown in the Southern Ocean. We present foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotope values and polar planktic foraminifera abundances from the Agulhas Plateau that show that increases in biogenic sediment accumulation coincide with northward migrations of the Subtropical Frontal Zone (STFZ) and elevated foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotope values during MPT glacial episodes. The nitrogen isotope values of two planktic foraminifera species, Globigerina bulloides and Globorotalia inflata show remarkable coherence amongst the sea surface temperature gradient between the STFZ and SAZ, and polar foraminifera abundances, indicating a strong relationship between nitrogen isotope dynamics above the Agulhas Plateau and migrations of the STFZ. Northward migration of the STFZ may have been essential to prolonging glacial intervals by increasing deep ocean carbon storage via a northward shift of the South Westerly Winds and a reduction in upwelling, delivery of fresher surface waters into the upper limb of global overturning circulation, or inhibiting heat and salt delivery to the Atlantic as Agulhas Leakage