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Need for approval from others and face concerns as predictors of interpersonal conflict outcome in 29 cultural groups
Get PDFThe extent to which culture moderates the effects of need for approval from others on a person\u27s handling of interpersonal conflict was investigated. Students from 24 nations rated how they handled a recent interpersonal conflict, using measures derived from face-negotiation theory. Samples varied in the extent to which they were perceived as characterised by the cultural logics of dignity, honour, or face. It was hypothesised that the emphasis on harmony within face cultures would reduce the relevance of need for approval from others to face-negotiation concerns. Respondents rated their need for approval from others and how much they sought to preserve their own face and the face of the other party during the conflict. Need for approval was associated with concerns for both self-face and other-face. However, as predicted, the association between need for approval from others and concern for self-face was weaker where face logic was prevalent. Favourable conflict outcome was positively related to other-face and negatively related to self-face and to need for approval from others, but there were no significant interactions related to prevailing cultural logics. The results illustrate how particular face-threatening factors can moderate the distinctive face-concerns earlier found to characterise individualistic and collectivistic cultural groups
Depressive symptoms, but not moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, impacts sexual well-being and menopause-specific quality of life in middle-aged women
No full textInadequate physical activity (PA), unhealthy weight status, prevalence of chronic conditions, and psychosocial distress are common in middle-aged women and are linked to reductions in well-being and quality of life. However, their potential interactive effects, specifically on sexual well-being and menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL), have not been well characterized in postmenopausal women. PURPOSE: To determine if moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and adiposity (%Fat) influence sexual well-being and MENQOL outcomes, controlling for health status (chronic conditions; medications) and psychosocial well-being (depressive symptoms; perceived stress), in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women (n = 68, 58.6 ± 3.4 yr, 80.9 percent married/partnered, 51.5 percent overweight/obese, nonsmoking) were recruited through e-mail advertisements and flyers placed throughout the community. Participants were scheduled for two laboratory visits 7–10 days apart where they were objectively assessed for MVPA with accelerometers (in the interim), adiposity via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and self-report questionnaires to determine health status, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, sexual well-being, and MENQOL. Lower MVPA and higher %Fat were associated with lower physical domain MENQOL (both r =.27, p \u3c.05); health status and psychosocial well-being were not associated (all p \u3e.05). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed 1) greater number of chronic conditions and medications, and depressive symptoms scores predicted less favorable sexual well-being, independent of MVPA and %Fat (standardized β range =.22–.56, all p \u3c.05), 2) depression was most consistently associated with MENQOL (models p ≤.001), and 3) greater adiposity augmented the negative influence of depression on the physical domain of MENQOL (β =.40. p =.002). CONCLUSIONS: PA may influence sexual well-being and MENQOL indirectly through positive impacts on adiposity, chronic conditions, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged postmenopausal women, a sector of the population often afflicted with compromised sexual well-being
Demersal fish biomass declines with temperature across productive shelf seas
Get PDFAim: Theory predicts fish community biomass to decline with increasing temperature due to higher metabolic losses resulting in less efficient energy transfer in warm-water food webs. However, whether these metabolic predictions explain observed macroecological patterns in fish community biomass is virtually unknown. Here, we test these predictions by examining the variation in demersal fish biomass across productive shelf regions.
Location: Twenty one continental shelf regions in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific.
Time Period: 1980-2015.
Methods: We compiled high-resolution bottom trawl survey data of fish biomass containing 166,000 unique tows and corrected biomass for differences in sampling area and trawl gear catchability. We examined whether relationships between net primary production and demersal fish community biomass are mediated by temperature, food-web structure and the level of fishing exploitation, as well as the choice of spatial scale of the analysis. Subsequently, we examined if temperature explains regional changes in fish biomass over time under recent warming.
Results: We find that biomass per km2 varies 40-fold across regions and is highest in cold waters and areas with low fishing exploitation. We find no evidence that temperature change has impacted biomass within marine regions over the time period considered. The biomass variation is best explained by an elementary trophodynamic model that accounts for temperature-dependent trophic efficiency.
Main Conclusions: Our study supports the hypothesis that temperature is a main driver of large-scale cross-regional variation in fish community biomass. The cross-regional pattern suggests that long-term impacts of warming will be negative on biomass. These results provide an empirical basis for predicting future changes in fish community biomass and its associated services for human wellbeing that is food provisioning, under global climate change
Market Profanities in Sacral Academe: Privilege, Diversity, Representation, Incursion of Market Forces
Get PDFThank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers
Get PDFOn behalf of the journal, AGU, and the scientific community, the editors of Geophysical Research Letters would like to sincerely thank those who reviewed manuscripts for us in 2022. The hours reading and commenting on manuscripts not only improve the manuscripts, but also increase the scientific rigor of future research in the field. With the advent of AGU\u27s data policy, many reviewers have also helped immensely to evaluate the accessibility and availability of data, and many have provided insightful comments that helped to improve the data presentation and quality. We greatly appreciate the assistance of the reviewers in advancing open science, which is a key objective of AGU\u27s data policy. We particularly appreciate the timely reviews in light of the demands imposed by the rapid review process at Geophysical Research Letters. We received 6,687 submissions in 2022 and 5,247 reviewers contributed to their evaluation by providing 8,720 reviews in total. We deeply appreciate their contributions in these challenging times
Online Impedance Based Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Battery Management Systems
No full textThis paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform for the real-time validation of an impedance-based battery management system (BMS). The battery model inside the HIL platform updates in real-time with respect to charge and discharge cycles to give an accurate representation of the battery electrical characteristics as aging occurs. This model was validated using experimental data from an 18650 battery. Online impedance measurements are then performed to update the battery management system in real-time. As such, the battery management system\u27s performance can be evaluated and can be adjusted. In doing so, state-of-charge and state-of-health estimations can be made with respect to real-time battery impedance rather than by traditional voltage and current measurements. From this, the battery charger and impedance based BMS algorithms can be validated in real-time
\u3ci\u3eHantu Laut:\u3c/i\u3e The Ghosts of Colonialism in Indonesia’s Marine Conservation
No full textIn this paper, I investigate the enduring influence of Dutch colonial legacies on contemporary marine conservation governance in the Indonesian archipelago. Using Banu Subramaniam’s concept of interdisciplinary haunting and Bruno Latour’s Black Box metaphor, I critically examine how historical power structures established over three centuries of colonial rule shape present-day environmental policies. The analysis begins with my critique of the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) definition of conservation, highlighting inherent ambiguities regarding equity that may have enabled global power imbalances and the uneven distribution of costs and benefits. I continued by tracing the evolution of marine resource governance from inclusive pre-colonial communal systems to Dutch colonial structures that institutionalized extractive practices and exclusionary fortress conservation ideals. This shift involved the militarization of reserves and the appropriation of land rights under colonial tenure policies. Case studies from Aceh and Rote Island illustrate how Dutch interventions disrupted traditional governance, reconfigured social dynamics, and entrenched hierarchical systems favoring colonial elites. Post-independence policy developments, the establishment of centralized Protected Areas, and recent decentralization reforms reveal persistent colonial frameworks alongside emerging neoliberal Blue Economy discourse that risks translating environmental assets into global financial capital. Despite reforms promoting participatory conservation, inequities in decision-making power and benefit distribution remain prevalent among marginalized coastal communities, demonstrating the lingering presence of these colonial ghosts. I conclude this paper by proposing a decolonial framework that prioritizes local sovereignty, equitable access to resources, and historical accountability to move environmental stewardship toward a just and inclusive future. This paper was completed for the course MAF 500: Race, Gender, Colonialism, and Science (Fall 2023)
Electric Potential Induced Prevention and Removal of an Algal Biofoulant from Planar SERS Substrates
No full textUlva zoospores are widespread marine macroalgae and a common organism found in biofouling communities due to their strong adhesive properties and quick settlement times. Using Ulva as a model organism, a strategy is presented where direct-current (DC) electric potentials are applied in conjunction with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to characterize, remove, and prevent Ulva from forming a biofilm on gold-capped nanopillar SERS substrates. Experiments were conducted within a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) flow channel device where the SERS substrates were used as an electrode. Ulva density, determined in situ by SERS and ex situ by electron and fluorescence microscopy, decreased under successively increasing low negative potentials up to −1.0 V. The presence of damaged Ulva suggests that the applied potential led to spore rupture. At the highest negative applied potential (−1.0 V), microparticles containing copper, which is known for its antimicrobial properties, were associated with Ulva on the SERS substrate and the lowest Ulva density was observed. These findings indicate that (1) SERS can be employed to study biofilm formation on nanostructured metal surfaces and (2) applying low-voltage electric potentials may be used to control Ulva biofouling on SERS marine sensors
Confined Dynamics in Spherical Polymer Brushes
No full textWe investigate the dynamics of polymers grafted to spherical nanoparticles in solution using hybrid molecular dynamics simulations with a coarse-grained solvent modeled via the multiparticle collision dynamics algorithm. The mean-square displacements of monomers near the surface of the nanoparticle exhibit a plateau on intermediate time scales, indicating confined dynamics reminiscent of those reported in neutron spin-echo experiments. The confined dynamics vanish beyond a specific radial distance from the nanoparticle surface that depends on the polymer grafting density. We show that this dynamical confinement transition follows theoretical predictions for the critical distance associated with the structural transition from confined to semidilute brush regimes. These findings suggest the existence of a hitherto unreported dynamic length scale connected with theoretically predicted static fluctuations in spherical polymer brushes and provide new insights into recent experimental observations