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Translanguaging Framework for Deaf Education
Get PDFIn this conceptual article, the authors introduce the Translanguaging Framework for Deaf Education (TFDE), drawing upon two perspectives on language and learning: crip linguistics and critical translanguaging space. The TFDE is a retheorization of the Language Zone, a pedagogical framework for supporting language learning in deaf education, and is designed to support educators to approach language use and users from an asset-oriented perspective. In line with this stance, the TFDE validates the linguistic resources deaf students bring to the classroom and encourages students’ full use of their communicative repertoires for meaning making, while also working to expand their linguistic resources and increase communicative flexibility. Examples of translanguaging pedagogical practices with deaf students, such as coming to a shared understanding, building metalinguistic knowledge, and honing communication for external audiences, are explained and illustrated through classroom scenarios with deaf students. Readers are also provided with tools for critically analyzing the social context to ensure accessible and equitable language environments for deaf students and to protect spaces for the use of minoritized languages such as ASL
Goal Derailment and Goal Persistence in Response to Honor Threats
No full textIn honor cultures, maintaining a positive moral reputation (e.g., being known as an honest person) is highly important, whereas in dignity cultures, self-respect (e.g., competence and success) is strongly emphasized. Depending on their cultural background, people respond differently to threats to these two dimensions of honor. In two studies, we examined the effects of morality-focused and competence-focused threats on people’s goal pursuit in two honor cultures (Turkey, Southern United States, and Latinx) and in a dignity culture (Northern United States). In Study 1, Turkish participants were more likely to reject a highly qualified person as a partner in a future task if that person threatened their morality (vs. no-threat), even though this meant letting go of the goal of winning an award. Participants from the U.S. honor and dignity groups, however, were equally likely to choose the people who gave them threatening and neutral feedback. In Study 2, Turkish and U.S. honor participants were more likely to persist in a subsequent goal after receiving a morality threat (vs. no-threat), whereas U.S. dignity participants were more likely to persist in a subsequent goal after receiving a competence threat (vs. no-threat). These results show that people’s responses to honor threats are influenced by the dominant values of their culture and by the tools that are available to them to potentially restore their reputation (e.g., punishing the offender vs. working hard on a different task). This research can have implications for multicultural contexts in which people can have conflicting goals such as diverse work environments
Validity, Reliability, and Differential Item Functioning of English and French Versions of the 10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Systemic Sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network Cohort Study
Get PDFObjective
Some individuals with systemic sclerosis (SSc) report positive mental health, despite severe disease manifestations, which may be associated with resilience, but no resilience measure has been validated in SSc. This study was undertaken to assess the validity, reliability, and differential item functioning (DIF) between English- and French-language versions of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) in SSc.
Methods
Eligible participants were enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort and completed the CD-RISC-10 between August 2022 and January 2023. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the CD-RISC-10 factor structure and conducted DIF analysis across languages with Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes models. We tested convergent validity with another measure of resilience and measures of self-esteem and depression and anxiety symptoms. We assessed internal consistency and test–retest reliability using Cronbach\u27s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results
A total of 962 participants were included in this analysis. CFA supported a single-factor structure (Tucker–Lewis index = 0.99, comparative fit index = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08 [90% confidence interval (90% CI) 0.07, 0.09]). We found no meaningful DIF. Internal consistency was high (α = 0.93 [95% CI 0.92, 0.94]), and we found that correlations with other measures of psychological functioning were moderate to large (|r| = 0.57–0.78) and confirmed study hypotheses. The scale showed good 1–2-week test–retest reliability (ICC 0.80 [95% CI 0.75, 0.85]) in a subsample of 230 participants.
Conclusion
The CD-RISC-10 is a valid and reliable measure of resilience in SSc, with score comparability across English and French versions
Mechanistic Study of Rhodamine B Piezocatalytic Decomposition Using Poly(vinylidene difluoride) and Related Polymers
No full textMembranes of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) and related polymers are used as piezoelectric materials to decompose rhodamine B (RhB) under low power sonication. The change in the visible spectrum of RhB allows determination of the rate constants for different polymer compositions and membrane thicknesses. The results indicate that the piezoelectric field generated by mechanical deformation of the polymers catalyzes the scission of the C-N bond in RhB. When PVDF is doped with transition-metal nitrates to increase the fraction of the piezoelectric β-phase, the rate constants increase, but the analysis is complicated by concurrent adsorption of RhB onto the membrane. A mechanism consistent with the observed data is proposed where the piezocatalytic effect of the membrane is to heterolytically cleave the C-N bond followed by formation of a C-Cl bond on the new xanthene ring
Mechanistic Assessment of Metabolic Interaction between Single Oral Commensal Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
No full textThe human oral microbiome heavily influences the status of oral and systemic diseases through different microbial compositions and complex signaling between microbes. Recent evidence suggests that investigation of interactions between oral microbes can be utilized to understand how stable communities are maintained and how they may preserve health. Herein, we investigate two highly abundant species in the human supragingival plaque, Streptococcus mitis and Corynebacterium matruchotii, to elucidate their real-time chemical communication in commensal harmony. Specifically, we apply nanoscale scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using a submicropipet-supported interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions as an SECM probe not only to image the permeability of S. mitis and C. matruchotii membranes to tetraethylammonium (TEA+) probe ions but also to real-time visualize the metabolic interaction between two microbes via lactate production/consumption at a single-cell level. The metabolic relationship between two strains is quantitatively assessed by determining (1) the passive permeability of both bacterial membranes of 2.4 × 10−4 cm/s to the free diffusion of TEA+, (2) 0.5 mM of the lactate concentration produced by a single S. mitis strain at a rate of 2.7 × 10−4 cm/s, and (3) a lactate oxidation rate ≥5.0 × 106 s−1 by an individual C. matruchotii strain. Significantly, this study, for the first time, describes a mechanism of in situ metabolic interaction between oral commensals at the single-cell level through quantitative analysis, which supports the observed in vivo spatial arrangements of these microbes
Paradigm Shift, Expansion, and Inclusion: Visual Literacy Research for the Field of Information
Get PDFIn addition to the continuing call for the inclusion of visual literacy into the curriculum for library and information science education, a paradigm expansion in research to develop and lead an interdisciplinary research advancement is a pressing task. The proposed paradigm shift in research results from the shift in the nature of information from text-based to visual information. Such a paradigm shift requires expanding research methodologies and theoretical frameworks. At the same time, paradigm inclusion is needed to invite and embrace interdisciplinary research and diverse research methodologies and theoretical frameworks to study visual information. This paradigm shift, expansion, and inclusion empathize with the social construction of knowledge/meaning in the studies of visual information by communities of users/viewers/readers
Immigration, Diversity, Cultural Clash, and – Hopefully – Cultural Melding? A Review of Mrs. Chatterjee vs. Norway (2023)
Get PDFFor migrating from \u27developing’ countries, to relocate in the ‘advanced West’, a message that came through from the western society is clear: “Integrate.” The Norwegian official in the movie \u27Mrs. Chatterjee vs. Norway says this unequivocally and with impact: “Be like us if you want to live here or go back to where you came from.” The message of the western world – ever since they started colonizing the ‘native’ lands of Asia, Asia and the Americas – was that the natives had to be saved from themselves. That was “the white man’s burden” – a burden of “civilizing” the natives – as Sir Rudyard Kipling wrote. In this essay, I revisit this issue not just through the film reviewed but also by invoking memories from my own childhood, for a few years, as a brown child growing up in England
A new, global optical sediment trap calibration
Get PDFAutonomous sensors for gravitational carbon flux in the ocean are critically needed, because of uncertainties in the projected response of the biological carbon pump (BCP) to climate change, and the proposed, engineered acceleration of the BCP to sequester carbon dioxide in the ocean. Optical sediment trap (OST) sensors directly sense fluxes of sinking particles in a manner that is independent of, and complementary to, other autonomous, sensor-derived estimates of BCP fluxes. However, limited intercalibrations of OSTs with traditional sediment traps and uncharacterized, potential biases have limited their broad adoption. A global field data set spanning three orders of magnitude in carbon flux was compiled and used to develop empirical models predicting particulate organic carbon flux from OST observations, and intercalibrating different sensor designs. These data provided valuable constraints on the uncertainty in the predicted carbon flux and showed a quantitative, theoretically consistent relationship between observations from OSTs with collimated and diffuse optical geometries. While not designed for this purpose, commercial beam transmissometers have been used as OSTs, so two models were developed quantifying the biases arising from the transmissometer\u27s housing geometry and optical beam diameter. Finally, an algorithm for the quality control of beam transmissometer-derived OST data was optimized using sensitivity tests. The results of this study support the expansion of OST-based gravitational carbon flux measurements and provide a framework for interpretation of OST measurements alongside other gravitational particle flux observations. These findings also suggest key features that should be included in designs of future, purpose-built OST sensors
Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed
No full textThe Amazon River plume plays a critical role in shaping the carbonate chemistry over a vast area in the western tropical North Atlantic. We conduct a sensitivity analysis of hypothetical ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) via quicklime addition in the Amazon River watershed, examining the response of carbonate chemistry and air-sea carbon dioxide flux to the alkalinity addition. Through a series of sensitivity tests, we show that the detectability of the OAE-induced alkalinity increment depends on the perturbation strength (or size of the alkalinity addition, I TA) and the number of samples: there is a 90 % chance to meet a minimum detectability requirement with I TA 15 μmolkg-1 and sample size \u3e40, given background variability of 15-30 μmolkg-1. OAE-induced pCO2 reduction at the Amazon plume surface would range between 0-25 μatm when I TACombining double low line20 μmolkg-1, decreasing with increasing salinity (S). Adding 20 μmolkg-1 of alkalinity at the river mouth could elevate the total carbon uptake in the Amazon River plume (1532) due to its large size, comprising approximately 80 % of the S\u3e15 plume area. However, the lowest-salinity region (S\u3c15) has a greater drop in surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2sw) due to its low buffer capacity, potentially allowing for observational detectability of pCO2sw reduction in this region. Reduced outgassing in this part of the plume, while more uncertain, may also be important for total additional CO2 uptake. Such sensitivity tests are useful in designing minimalistic field trials and setting achievable goals for monitoring, reporting, and verification purposes
Developing an Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) for the global ocean
Get PDFThe Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) is a new United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development programme working to develop a practical, integrated approach for observing air-sea interactions globally for improved Earth system (including ecosystem) forecasts, CO2 uptake assessments called for by the Paris Agreement, and invaluable surface ocean information for decision makers. Our Theory of Change relies upon leveraged multi-disciplinary activities, partnerships, and capacity strengthening. Recommendations from \u3e40 OceanObs\u2719 community papers and a series of workshops have been consolidated into three interlinked Grand Ideas for creating #1: a globally distributed network of mobile air-sea observing platforms built around an expanded array of long-term time-series stations; #2: a satellite network, with high spatial and temporal resolution, optimized for measuring air-sea fluxes; and #3: improved representation of air-sea coupling in a hierarchy of Earth system models. OASIS activities are organized across five Theme Teams: (1) Observing Network Design & Model Improvement; (2) Partnership & Capacity Strengthening; (3) UN Decade OASIS Actions; (4) Best Practices & Interoperability Experiments; and (5) Findable-Accessible-Interoperable-Reusable (FAIR) models, data, and OASIS products. Stakeholders, including researchers, are actively recruited to participate in Theme Teams to help promote a predicted, safe, clean, healthy, resilient, and productive ocean