E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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Pharmaceutical Education and Rational Drug Use Patterns in Urban Kirkuk: Pendidikan Farmasi dan Pola Penggunaan Obat yang Rasional di Kota Kirkuk
No full textBackground: Irrational drug use remains a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Specific Background: In conflict-affected regions such as Kirkuk, limited regulation and widespread self-medication exacerbate unsafe practices. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence linking pharmaceutical education to rational drug use in such contexts remains scarce. Aim: This study examined the relationship between pharmaceutical education and knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding medication use among Kirkuk residents. Results: A cross-sectional survey of 200 participants revealed that higher educational attainment was significantly associated with safer medication behaviors (p < 0.05), including instruction reading and pharmacist consultation, although irrational practices persisted. Novelty: This study provides rare data from a conflict-affected Middle Eastern urban setting. Implications: Findings highlight the need for integrated, culturally responsive educational and regulatory strategies to promote rational drug use beyond knowledge acquisition alone.
Highlights:• Pharmaceutical education improves awareness but does not eliminate irrational drug use• Younger adults show higher self-medication tendencies• Gender and education significantly shape medication practices
Keywords: Pharmaceutical Education, Rational Drug Use, Self-Medication, Community Health, Ira
Utilizing Integrated Marketing Strategies to Enhance the Competitiveness of Higher Education Institutions
No full textThe intensifying competition in the global higher education market has compelled higher education institutions to move beyond traditional promotional practices and adopt integrated marketing strategies that address credibility, differentiation, and stakeholder expectations. This study aims to examine how integrated marketing strategies, combining the traditional marketing mix with public trust and strategic partnerships, contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of higher education institutions. The research employed a mixed-methods design using survey data collected from 146 respondents, including students, parents, and administrative staff from higher education institutions in the Bukhara region. The data were analyzed systematically through SWOT and STEPLED frameworks to capture internal capabilities and external environmental dynamics influencing institutional competitiveness. The findings demonstrate that integrated marketing strategies significantly strengthen institutional competitiveness by improving brand image, reinforcing public trust, and supporting sustainable strategic positioning. Digital marketing adoption, alumni engagement, and inter-institutional partnerships emerged as key drivers of competitive advantage, while limitations in professional marketing capacity and financial resources remained critical challenges. The novelty of this study lies in empirically integrating public trust and strategic partnerships into the classical marketing mix within a unified analytical model tailored to a transitional higher education context. The results provide theoretical contributions to higher education marketing literature and offer practical and policy-relevant implications for university leaders seeking to design evidence-based, sustainable marketing strategies that enhance competitiveness in both regional and international higher education markets.Keywords : Integrated Higher Education Marketing, Institutional Competitiveness, Public Trust Governance, Strategic University Partnerships, Institutional Brand ReputationHighlight :
Integrated marketing, public trust, and partnerships jointly strengthen higher education institutional competitiveness.
Brand image and public trust directly shape stakeholder perceptions and student choice decisions.
Digital marketing adoption and strategic partnerships consistently improve institutional positioning in competitive education markets.
 
Study of the Properties of Foaming Agents Ufapore gp xp 75%, Omax ks100 and Frem Foam for Foam Concrete: Studi Sifat Bahan Pembusa Ufapore gp xp 75%, Omax ks100 dan Frem Foam untuk Beton Busa
No full textThe article examines the main properties of foaming agents UFAPORE GP XP 75%, OMAX KS100 and FREM FOAM such as - high expansion and durability, sufficient foam durability in solution, durability of the mixture over time. The results of the analysis of the stability, expansion rate and mechanical strength of the foam made it possible to determine the optimal concentrations of the FREM FOAM foaming agent, at which the foam demonstrates the best technological characteristics. To assess the effect of binders and fillers on the foam volume, the foam utilization factor (FUF) was calculated, which is the ratio of the volume of the foam-cement mixture to the initial volume of foam. It is believed that high-quality foam should have a FUF in the range of 0.8–0.85. Initial experiments showed that at surfactant concentrations of up to 0.5%, the foam mass is insufficient to obtain foam-cement masses with constant properties. At the same time, at concentrations over 2.5%, there is excessive consumption of foaming agent, which leads to a violation of the homogeneity of the foam structure. As a result, the optimal range of foaming agent concentrations from 0.5 to 2.5% was selected.
Highlights:
Examines properties of foaming agents: expansion, durability, and stability.
Determines optimal FREM FOAM concentrations for best foam characteristics.
Identifies optimal foam utilization factor range (0.8–0.85) for quality foam.
Keywords - foaming agent, non-autoclave, foam, porous , foam mass , foaming agent multiplicity
Analysis of Safari Tourism Development Opportunities in Kashkadarya Region: Analisis Peluang Pengembangan Pariwisata Safari di Wilayah Kashkadarya
No full textGeneral Background: Tourism is a crucial driver of economic growth, particularly in emerging destinations. Specific Background: The Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan has significant potential for safari tourism, yet infrastructure gaps and sustainability challenges persist. Knowledge Gap: Despite increased tourist arrivals and revenue, there is limited research on the socio-economic impact of tourism and strategies for sustainable development in Kashkadarya. Aims: This study evaluates the socio-economic impact of tourism and explores the development potential of safari tourism in the region. Results: A mixed-methods approach, including statistical analysis (2017–2024), interviews with stakeholders, and field surveys of 1,564 tourism sites, revealed a 65% rise in tourist arrivals (2.54 million in 2024) and a tenfold increase in foreign currency revenue ($105.8 million). However, infrastructure disparities, limited eco-friendly transport, and uneven lodging distribution remain challenges. Novelty: The study proposes a framework integrating infrastructure modernization, eco-innovation, and community engagement to enhance sustainable tourism development. Implications: Findings highlight the need for equitable infrastructure investment, environmental sustainability, and stakeholder collaboration to position Kashkadarya as a leading safari tourism destination in Central Asia. Future research should explore agro-tourism and digital nomadism to further diversify the regional tourism economy.
Highlights:
Issue: Tourism growth in Kashkadarya faces infrastructure and sustainability challenges.
Findings: Tourist arrivals +65%, revenue ×10, but infrastructure gaps persist.
Solution: Modernization, eco-innovation, and community engagement for sustainable tourism.
Keywords: Safari tourism, Kashkadarya region, tourism infrastructure, socio-economic development, sustainable tourism, Uzbekistan
 
Sustainability Disparities Between Local and Multinational Companies in Iraq: Kesenjangan Keberlanjutan Antara Perusahaan Lokal dan Multinasional di Irak
No full textGeneral Background: Sustainability has become a critical focus in corporate governance, influencing business policies and operational strategies worldwide. In developing economies like Iraq, integrating sustainability remains challenging due to regulatory limitations, financial constraints, and infrastructural barriers. Specific Background: The oil and gas, agriculture, and manufacturing sectors are pivotal to Iraq’s economy, yet they exhibit varying degrees of sustainability adoption. While multinational corporations demonstrate advanced sustainability practices, local firms struggle with compliance and resource limitations. Knowledge Gap: Existing research on corporate sustainability in Iraq remains scarce, particularly regarding sectoral differences and the influence of international firms in shaping sustainability standards. Aims: This study analyzes the effects of sustainability policies on companies in Iraq, comparing local and multinational firms across key industries to assess their sustainability practices, challenges, and compliance levels. Results: Findings indicate that multinational corporations lead in sustainability implementation, particularly in energy efficiency and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Local companies face regulatory and financial constraints but are progressively integrating CSR initiatives. Compared to the broader Middle East, Iraqi firms exhibit lower sustainability adoption due to weaker regulations and reduced public scrutiny. Employees in multinational firms report higher engagement with sustainability policies than those in local firms. Novelty: This study provides a comparative analysis of sustainability practices in Iraq and the Middle East, highlighting disparities in renewable energy usage, CSR initiatives, and employee perceptions. It also identifies barriers hindering local companies from adopting sustainable practices. Implications: Strengthening environmental regulations, increasing public awareness, and providing financial incentives for renewable energy adoption are essential for enhancing corporate sustainability in Iraq. The findings offer policymakers and business leaders strategic insights into improving sustainability frameworks and aligning corporate practices with global standards. Future research should explore policy interventions and their impact on corporate sustainability performance in Iraq.
Highlights
Iraqi companies lag in sustainability due to weak regulations and funding.
Multinational firms lead; local firms struggle with compliance and capital.
Strengthening laws, public awareness, and subsidies can enhance sustainability.
Keywords: Sustainability, Corporate Policies, Environmental Protection, Corporate Social Responsibility
Magnetized Water Supports Endurance and Hydration in Young Footballers: Air Bermagnet Mendukung Daya Tahan dan Hidrasi pada Pesepakbola Muda
No full textGeneral Background: Enhancing endurance and physiological efficiency is crucial for optimizing young football players' performance. Specific Background: Variable intensity training is widely recognized for improving endurance, while magnetized water has been explored for its potential physiological benefits. However, its combined effects on endurance and physiological indicators in young athletes remain underexplored. Knowledge Gap: Limited research has examined the integration of variable intensity training with magnetized water consumption in the context of football endurance. Aims: This study investigates the impact of variable intensity training and magnetized water consumption on special endurance and key physiological indicators in young footballers. Results: After a 16-week experimental intervention with 12 athletes from Al-Zawraa Sports Club, significant improvements were observed in strength endurance, speed endurance, hemoglobin levels, and blood viscosity. Magnetized water facilitated hydration, reduced fatigue, and enhanced oxygen transport, contributing to overall endurance development. Novelty: This study is among the first to demonstrate the synergistic effects of magnetized water and variable intensity training on young footballers’ endurance and physiological adaptation. Implications: These findings suggest that structured fluid intake strategies incorporating magnetized water can optimize endurance training outcomes, offering valuable insights for coaches and sports scientists in developing evidence-based hydration and training protocols.
Highlights:
Boosts Endurance: Enhances strength and speed endurance in young footballers.
Improves Hydration: Magnetized water aids oxygen transport and reduces fatigue.
Optimizes Training: Supports evidence-based hydration and endurance strategies.
Keywords: Variable intensity training, magnetized water, endurance, physiological adaptation, young footballer
Chemerin, CK, and LDH as Potential Biomarkers for Early Myocardial Infarction Detection: Chemerin, CK, dan LDH sebagai Biomarker Potensial untuk Deteksi Dini Infark Miokard
No full textGeneral Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with early diagnosis being crucial for effective intervention. Specific Background: Biomarkers such as Chemerin, Creatine Kinase (CK), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) have been implicated in inflammatory responses and vascular dysfunction associated with MI. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing studies on these biomarkers, their combined diagnostic potential and correlation with cardiovascular risk factors remain underexplored. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between Chemerin, CK, and LDH levels in MI patients, alongside other risk factors such as body mass index (BMI) and smoking, to assess their role as potential early diagnostic indicators. Results: A total of 70 samples (50 MI patients, 20 controls) were analyzed at Azadi Educational Hospital, Kirkuk, from November 2023 to March 2024. The study found significantly elevated levels of Chemerin, CK, and LDH (P < 0.05) in MI patients compared to controls, indicating their involvement in inflammation and myocardial damage. Novelty: This study provides evidence that these biomarkers, particularly Chemerin, may serve as predictive indicators for MI risk, offering an alternative approach for early detection. Implications: The findings highlight the potential of biomarker-based screening in clinical settings and emphasize the importance of lifestyle modifications to mitigate MI risks and complications.
Highlights:
Biomarkers play a crucial role in myocardial infarction diagnosis.
Chemerin, CK, and LDH significantly elevated in MI patients (P < 0.05).
Potential biomarkers for early MI detection and risk assessment.
Keywords: Chemerin; Creatine Kinase; lactate dehydrogenase; Myocardial Infarction; Smoking
The Effect of Compound Exercises Using a Training Intervention Mothod on Some Physical and Functional Abilities of Football Players
No full textGeneral Background: The development of football players’ physical and functional capabilities is crucial for optimizing performance, particularly in the latter stages of a match. Specific Background: Many players experience premature exhaustion, sluggish recovery, and reduced concentration due to inadequate training methodologies. Knowledge Gap: Existing training approaches often fail to integrate complex exercises that enhance both physical and functional attributes simultaneously. Aims: This study investigates the impact of complex exercises using a training intervention method on the physical and functional capabilities of football players. Methods: An experimental approach with a one-group pre-test and post-test design was applied to 17 players from Al-Masafi Sports Club competing in the Iraqi Premier League (2024–2025). Functional and physical performance was assessed before and after an eight-week training intervention. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements in key functional variables, including vital lung capacity and relative oxygen consumption (VO₂ Max), as well as enhancements in physical abilities such as sprinting speed and explosive power. Novelty: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training combined with complex exercises tailored to match-specific demands, bridging the gap between conventional conditioning and real-game performance. Implications: Coaches and sports scientists should incorporate targeted complex training methodologies to optimize players’ endurance, recovery, and concentration, ultimately enhancing competitive performance.
Highlights:
Players experience fatigue, slow recovery, and reduced concentration.
Complex training interventions improve physical and functional capabilities.
Enhances endurance, recovery, and performance in competitive football.
Keywords: physical abilities, functional abilities, football player
Synthesis , characterization , a Cytotoxicity study of a New [(6S)-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-thioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile]: Sintesis, karakterisasi, studi Sitotoksisitas dari [(6S) -6-(2-hidroksifenil) -5-metoksi-2-tioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahidropirimidin-4-karbonitril] Baru
No full textGeneral Background: The development of heterocyclic compounds, particularly dihydropyrimidine derivatives, has garnered considerable interest due to their broad pharmacological potential. Specific Background: Among these, thioxo-dihydropyrimidines have demonstrated significant bioactivity, including anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Knowledge Gap: However, efficient synthesis methods and biocompatibility assessments for novel thioxo-dihydropyrimidines remain limited. Aims: This study aims to synthesize and characterize a new compound, [(6S)-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-thioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile], and evaluate its cytotoxic potential on human red blood cells. Results: The compound was synthesized via a one-pot multi-component reaction using 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, methyl cyanoacetate, and thiourea with ferric (III) chloride and HCl in ethanol, yielding 80% of a light golden solid (m.p. 222–224°C). Characterization was confirmed through FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and MS analysis. Cytotoxicity tests showed the compound to be non-toxic at tested concentrations (0.1–0.5 mg/mL), as evidenced by minimal hemolytic activity. Novelty: This study presents a novel synthetic route for a thioxo-dihydropyrimidine derivative with confirmed structural integrity and biocompatibility. Implications: These findings highlight the potential of this compound as a safe scaffold for future drug development, especially in therapeutic applications requiring low cytotoxic profiles.
Highlights:
Thioxo-dihydropyrimidines show promise in biomedical applications.
Synthesized novel compound; confirmed structure; non-toxic to red blood cells.
Potential safe scaffold for future drug development.
Keywards: Dihydropyrimidine , Thiourea, Spectra, Cyanoacetate, 1H-NM
Lease Accounting Transformation under IFRS 16: Recognition and Reporting Changes: Transformasi Akuntansi Sewa Guna Usaha di bawah IFRS 16: Perubahan Pengakuan dan Pelaporan
No full textGeneral Background: Lease accounting plays a critical role in financial reporting by ensuring transparency in a company’s asset usage and obligations. Specific Background: The shift from International Accounting Standard (IAS) 17 to International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 16 represents a major development in the recognition and presentation of lease transactions. Knowledge Gap: Despite the adoption of IFRS 16, several academic and practical sources have failed to comprehensively address its implications and how it differs from the previous standard. Aims: This article aims to analyze the key features of IFRS 16, compare them with IAS 17, and evaluate their impact on financial statements. Results: The study reveals that IFRS 16 introduces a unified accounting model for lessees, requiring recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, thereby significantly affecting financial position and performance metrics. Novelty: Unlike prior literature that either overlooks or addresses lease accounting from a narrow national perspective, this article presents a comprehensive comparison grounded in international standards, supported by expert insights and real-world implications. Implications: The findings underscore the need for enterprises to adapt their accounting systems and internal processes to ensure compliance and maintain transparency, highlighting the importance of aligning national standards with IFRS to enhance global comparability in financial reporting.
Highlights:
IFRS 16 requires lease liabilities and right-of-use asset recognition.
Enhances financial transparency and reporting consistency.
Replaces IAS 17’s off-balance-sheet lease approach.
Keywords: IFRS 16, lease accounting, financial reporting, right-of-use asset, IAS 1