E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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1909 research outputs found
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Taste Masking of Prednisolone by Adsorption Method
No full textGeneral Background: Prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, is widely used to treat conditions such as asthma, allergies, and rheumatoid arthritis. Specific Background: Despite its therapeutic benefits, prednisolone’s intensely bitter taste negatively affects patient compliance, particularly in pediatric and geriatric populations. Knowledge Gap: Conventional taste-masking techniques often alter drug stability or release profiles, creating a need for simple, effective, and non-chemical masking approaches. Aims: This study aimed to mask the bitter taste of prednisolone using a physical adsorption method with Veegum® and Bentonite as adsorbents at varying concentrations. Results: Eight formulations were prepared and assessed for percentage yield, drug content, and in vitro taste masking. The optimal formula (F5, 1:5 drug-to-Veegum® ratio) achieved an 89% yield, 108.3% drug content, and reduced drug release in simulated saliva (pH 6.8) from 55% to 16.6% within one minute, without any detectable drug–excipient interaction by FTIR analysis. Novelty: This study demonstrates a successful use of physical adsorption as a straightforward and non-chemical method for prednisolone taste masking. Implications: The Veegum®-based adsorption approach offers a promising foundation for developing patient-friendly oral formulations of bitter drugs.Highlight :
The study aimed to mask the bitter taste of prednisolone using the adsorption method.
Veegum® at a 1:5 drug-to-adsorbent ratio showed the best taste masking result.
FTIR analysis confirmed no chemical interaction between prednisolone and the adsorbents.
Keywords : Prednisolone, Taste Masking, Adsorption Method, Veegum®, Bentonit
Work Environment More Determinant of Performance in the Food Logistics Industry: Lingkungan Kerja Lebih Berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja di Industri Logistik Pangan
No full textGeneral Background: In the context of globalization and digital transformation, employee performance has become a critical determinant of organizational effectiveness, particularly in the food logistics sector that supports national food security. Specific Background: At BULOG Subdivre Surabaya Utara, challenges related to employee motivation, remuneration fairness, and adaptation to a changing work environment indicate the need for evidence-based human resource management strategies. Knowledge Gap: Although prior studies have examined compensation and work environment separately, limited empirical research has simultaneously analyzed their relative and combined effects on employee performance within public food logistics organizations. Aims: This study aims to analyze the influence of salary and work environment on employee performance at BULOG Subdivre Surabaya Utara. Results: Using a quantitative approach and multiple linear regression analysis of survey data, the findings reveal that both salary and work environment have positive and statistically significant effects on employee performance, with the work environment showing a stronger contribution. Novelty: This study provides sector-specific empirical evidence highlighting the dominant role of non-financial factors alongside compensation in a strategic public logistics institution. Implications: The findings imply that management should balance fair remuneration systems with continuous improvements in physical and psychosocial work conditions to sustainably improve employee performance and organizational outcomes.
Highlights:
The work environment plays a more dominant role than salary in shaping employee performance.
Fair compensation remains essential to sustain motivation and productivity.
Integrated human resource strategies are crucial for performance improvement in public food logistics organizations.
Keywords: Salary, Work Environment, Employee Performance, Food Logistics, Human Resource Managemen
Legal Liability for Force Majeure in Digital Crypto Asset Contracts Reviewed from the Perspective of Legal Rationality in the Digital Age: Tanggung Jawab Hukum atas Keadaan Force Majeure dalam Kontrak Digital Aset Kripto Ditinjau dari Rasionalitas Hukum di Era Digital
No full textGeneral Background: The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed legal relations through the emergence of smart contracts and crypto asset transactions operating autonomously on blockchain systems. Specific Background: Although these digital contracts promise efficiency and certainty, their automated and decentralized nature raises complex legal issues when force majeure events—such as cyberattacks, system failures, or sudden regulatory changes—disrupt contractual performance. Knowledge Gap: Existing civil law doctrines on force majeure and contractual liability are primarily designed for human-centered agreements and remain inadequate to address responsibility in algorithm-driven systems, particularly within Indonesia’s legal framework. Aims: This study aims to analyze legal liability for force majeure in crypto asset digital contracts through a philosophical examination of legal rationality in the digital era. Results: Using normative–philosophical analysis, the study finds that traditional fault-based liability and positivistic legal rationality require reconstruction to accommodate technological risks and automated execution. Novelty: The research introduces an adaptive, reflective conception of legal rationality that integrates technological realities with principles of justice, certainty, and utility. Implications: These findings imply the need for explicit force majeure clauses, shared responsibility models, and adaptive legal interpretation to ensure fair and effective regulation of digital contracts in the evolving crypto ecosystem.
Highlights:
Force majeure in crypto-based smart contracts involves technological and regulatory risks beyond traditional doctrines.
Automated and decentralized contract execution challenges fault-based and human-centered legal liability concepts.
Adaptive legal rationality is essential to balance legal certainty, justice, and technological innovation in the digital era.
Keywords: Force Majeure, Digital Contracts, Crypto Assets, Legal Liability, Legal Rationalit
Harmonization of Standard Insurance Clauses: A Consumer Protection and Fairness Perspective: Harmonisasi Klausula Baku Asuransi: Perspektif Perlindungan Konsumen dan Keadilan
No full textGeneral Background: Standardized insurance contracts containing boilerplate clauses dominate the industry due to efficiency demands. Specific Background: However, these clauses create structural inequalities in bargaining power and limit consumers’ ability to understand or negotiate policy terms. Knowledge Gap: Existing regulations, including the Consumer Protection Law, prohibit unfair terms yet remain insufficient to address ambiguities, exoneration clauses, and inconsistencies between legal norms and market practice. Aims: This study analyzes the legal implications of standard insurance clauses, their impact on contractual fairness, and the necessity of harmonized regulation to protect consumers. Results: Findings reveal that unilateral clause drafting perpetuates information asymmetry and facilitates claim denials, while oversight by regulators and dispute-resolution bodies remains fragmented. Novelty: The study proposes a responsive regulatory model that integrates preventive supervision by the Financial Services Authority, normative statutory safeguards, and corrective judicial interpretation—particularly through doctrines such as contra proferentem and reasonable expectations. Implications: Harmonizing essential clauses can balance contractual freedom with substantive fairness, strengthen consumer protection, and enhance transparency and trust in Indonesia’s insurance ecosystem.
Highlights:
Highlights how boilerplate insurance clauses create structural bargaining power imbalances and legal uncertainty for consumers.
Identifies the gap between consumer protection norms and their implementation in regulating standard insurance policy terms.
Proposes a responsive regulatory model combining OJK supervision, statutory safeguards, and judicial doctrines such as contra proferentem.
Keywords: Boilerplate Clauses, Insurance Contracts, Consumer Protection, Contractual Fairness, Harmonization
The Impact of Lactobacillus Infection During Pregnancy on Metabolic and Immune Parameters in Women 40 Days Post-Delivery: Dampak Infeksi Lactobacillus Selama Kehamilan terhadap Parameter Metabolik dan Imun pada Wanita 40 Hari Pasca Persalinan
No full textBackground: Lactobacillus normally plays a protective role in the maternal microbiome, yet under certain dysbiotic conditions it may be associated with metabolic and immunological disturbances during pregnancy. Specific Background: Evidence regarding postpartum health consequences of Lactobacillus infection remains limited, particularly its link to inflammatory and metabolic alterations. Gap: No studies have assessed metabolic and immune outcomes 40 days postpartum among women infected with Lactobacillus during pregnancy. Aim: This study examines postpartum metabolic profiles, inflammatory markers, and immune balance in women previously exposed to Lactobacillus infection. Methods: A cross-sectional comparison of 100 infected and 100 healthy women was conducted using clinical, biochemical, and immunological assessments. Results: Infected women exhibited higher fasting glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, TPOAb, and TgAb, alongside lymphopenia and a Th1-dominant immune shift. Novelty: This study provides early evidence that Lactobacillus-associated dysbiosis in pregnancy may contribute to sustained metabolic and immune dysregulation beyond delivery. Implications: Findings highlight the importance of monitoring postpartum women with pregnancy-related dysbiosis and suggest a potential role of microbiome alteration in long-term maternal health.
Highlights:• Distinct postpartum metabolic disturbances in infected women• Marked inflammatory activation associated with dysbiosis• Altered Th1/Th2 balance persisting after delivery
Keywords: Lactobacillus Infection, Postpartum Metabolism, Immune Imbalance, Cytokines, Maternal Healt
Response of Sugarcane Varieties L. Saccharum Officinarum to Foliar Feeding with Nano-Fertilizers Under Drip Irrigation Technology
No full textGeneral Background: Sugarcane is a major tropical crop whose productivity depends on efficient nutrient management and irrigation systems. Specific Background: Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced nano-fertilizers capable of enhancing nutrient uptake and improving physiological performance, yet their crop-specific efficacy under drip irrigation remains insufficiently characterized. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence on how distinct sugarcane varieties respond to varying nano-fertilizer concentrations in field conditions—particularly regarding vegetative growth, yield components, and sucrose accumulation—is still limited. Aims: This study evaluated the growth, physiological traits, and yield of four American sugarcane cultivars (CP72-2086, CP89-2143, CP81-325, LO3-371) subjected to three nano-fertilizer concentrations (1, 2, 3 L ha⁻¹) under drip irrigation. Results: The 3 L ha⁻¹ treatment consistently improved stem height, diameter, leaf area, and stem yield (229.67 t ha⁻¹), while cultivars CP89-2143 and CP81-325 showed the highest sucrose content (up to 16.20%). LO3-371 exhibited the greatest increase in extractable stems and dry biomass. Novelty: This study provides the first integrated comparison of nano-fertilizer dose–response patterns across multiple sugarcane varieties under drip irrigation in arid-field conditions. Implications: Findings highlight the potential of nano-fertilizers—particularly at 3 L ha⁻¹—to enhance growth efficiency and sugar yield, supporting more sustainable and productive sugarcane management strategies.Highlight :
Nano-fertiliser 3 L ha⁻¹ consistently improves stem growth and leaf performance.
Varieties CP81-325, CP89-2143, and LO3-371 show stronger vegetative responses.
Sucrose and sugar yield increase under optimized nano-fertiliser levels with drip irrigation.
Keywords : Stem Height, Sugar Yield, Nano-fertiliser, Sugarcane Varieties, Drip Irrigatio
Applications of nuclear physics in medical diagnostics: A comparative study between SPECT and PET
No full textNuclear physics has fundamentally transformed medical diagnostics through Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), which provide functional and physiological information beyond conventional imaging modalities. This study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of SPECT and PET by examining their nuclear physics principles, technical instrumentation, image quality parameters, and clinical applications. Employing systematic literature review methodology, the research synthesizes peer-reviewed articles from major scientific databases published between 2015 and 2025. The analysis reveals that PET demonstrates superior spatial resolution (4-7 mm versus 8-12 mm), enhanced sensitivity (1-2% compared to 0.01-0.03%), and greater quantitative accuracy due to coincidence detection and higher photon energy (511 keV). Conversely, SPECT maintains advantages in cost-effectiveness, radiotracer accessibility through on-site synthesis, and longer half-lives suitable for extended protocols. This research integrates physical, instrumental, and patient-dependent factors influencing image quality while exploring emerging developments including hybrid imaging and artificial intelligence applications. The findings establish evidence-based criteria for modality selection, emphasizing the complementary nature of these techniques in advancing precision diagnostics across oncology, cardiology, and neurology.Keywords : Nuclear Medicine Imaging, SPECT Modality, PET Technology, Radiotracer Applications, Gamma Photon Detection, Medical DiagnosticsHighlight :
PET demonstrates superior spatial resolution (4-7 mm) and sensitivity (1-2%) compared to SPECT's performance metrics.
Hybrid imaging systems combining PET-CT achieve widespread clinical acceptance, particularly enhancing oncology diagnostic capabilities.
Collimator geometry primarily limits SPECT resolution (8-12 mm), while coincidence detection enables PET's improved quantitative accuracy
Rosmarinic Acid in Aromatic Herbs: A Green Extraction and HPLC Approach
No full textGeneral background: Aromatic herbs from the Lamiaceae family represent valuable sources of rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenolic compound with notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties. Specific background: Traditional extraction methods such as Soxhlet and maceration consume excessive solvents and time while potentially degrading thermolabile compounds. Knowledge gap: Despite growing interest in green extraction technologies, limited validated protocols exist for combining ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for efficient RA quantification across multiple aromatic species. Aims: This study developed and validated a sustainable UAE-HPLC method for extracting and quantifying RA from six aromatic herbs: Laurus nobilis, Thymus vulgaris, Salvia rosmarinus, Anethum graveolens, Mentha viridis, and Salvia officinalis. Results: Using ethanol:water (70:30 v/v) at 40 kHz and 250 W, optimal extraction occurred within 2.5-10 minutes, with Thymus vulgaris yielding the highest RA concentration (170,500 µg/mL). HPLC analysis demonstrated excellent linearity (R² > 0.998) and reproducibility. Novelty: This approach significantly reduces solvent consumption and extraction time while maintaining analytical precision. Implications: The validated UAE-HPLC platform provides a robust, environmentally friendly analytical framework for sustainable utilization of RA-rich herbs in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.Highlight :
UAE offers a rapid, low-solvent, and environmentally friendly approach for extracting RA.
Variation in RA yields reflects differences in plant tissue structure and extraction conditions.
HPLC provides reliable quantification, supporting accurate and consistent analysis of RA.
Keywords : Rosmarinic Acid, Aromatic Herbs, Ultrasound-assisted Extraction, HPLC, Green Extractio
Pedagogical Conditions of Realisation of Educational Functions in The Process of Educational Activity in Universities: Kondisi Pedagogis Realisasi Fungsi Pendidikan dalam Proses Kegiatan Pendidikan di Perguruan Tinggi
No full textThe article is devoted to the pedagogical conditions for the realisation of educational functions in the process of academic activity in higher education institutions. The article considers key aspects such as the creation of an educational environment, integration of educational tasks into the educational process, the role of the teacher as a mentor and moral authority, and the use of modern teaching methods and technologies. Special attention is paid to extracurricular activities that contribute to the development of social activity and responsibility of students. The article emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach, including organizational, methodological, psychological, pedagogical and social conditions for effective education. The expected result is the formation of comprehensively developed specialists ready for active participation in society.
Highlights:
Pedagogical conditions for educational functions in higher education
Teacher roles, modern methods, and extracurricular activities
Integrated approach for developing responsible, socially active specialists
Keywords: pedagogical conditions, educational functions, educational activity, students' education, educational process, extracurricular activity, teacher's role, innovative methods, social responsibility, self-developmen
Theoretical Basis of Management of Detection and Regulation of Tax Violations in Business Entities: Dasar Teori Manajemen Pendeteksian dan Pengaturan Pelanggaran Pajak pada Badan Usaha
No full textThis document presents the primary findings of scientific study about the development and enhancement of the tax system in our nation, as well as studies focused on preventing and rectifying tax infractions within the context of the ongoing priority economic reforms. The underlying causes of taxpayer evasion and tax avoidance influenced by infractions are examined comprehensively. The necessity to implement efficient procedures to prevent scenarios that diminish the economic impact of infractions, particularly with tax system management, and to provide a systematic approach for the use of these mechanisms is evident.
Highlights:
Tax system reforms focus on preventing tax evasion and avoidance issues.
Comprehensive study highlights causes, impacts, and solutions for tax infractions.
Efficient procedures proposed to improve tax management and minimize economic losses.
Keywords: Tax management, tax offenses, tax evasion, tax base, management of tax relations, paperless goods, illegal currency, barter, regulations, tax administratio