E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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1909 research outputs found
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Reform of the Debt Dispute Resolution System in Indonesian Courts: Pembaharuan Sistem Penyelesaian Perkara Hutang Piutang di Pengadilan Indonesia
No full textGeneral Background: The Indonesian civil justice system continues to face structural inefficiencies, including case backlogs, slow proceedings, and high litigation costs. Specific Background: These challenges are especially evident in resolving debt-related default disputes, where creditors—particularly concurrent creditors—often encounter uncertainty and weak enforcement. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing litigation and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms, limited effectiveness, inconsistent legal certainty, and gaps in legal culture hinder optimal dispute settlement. Aims: This study analyzes the mechanisms for resolving debt-default disputes, the protection available for concurrent creditors, the application of legal certainty principles, and strategies to strengthen legal culture. Results: Findings show that dispute settlement operates through litigation and ADR; concurrent creditors receive preventive and repressive protections; legal certainty is grounded in Articles 1131–1132 of the Civil Code; and improving legal culture requires education, consistent enforcement, and institutional reform. Novelty: This research integrates doctrinal analysis with empirical judicial data to highlight systemic shortcomings in current debt-dispute resolution, particularly regarding creditor vulnerability and uneven implementation of reform policies. Implications: Strengthening legal frameworks, institutional capacity, and public legal awareness is essential to achieving a faster, simpler, and more affordable civil justice system in Indonesia.
Highlights:
Highlights the dual mechanisms of resolving debt-default disputes through litigation and ADR.
Emphasizes the vulnerability of concurrent creditors and the need for stronger legal certainty.
Underscores the importance of legal-culture development to support effective justice reform.
Keywords: Debt Dispute Resolution, Legal Certainty, Concurrent Creditors, Civil Justice Reform, Legal Cultur
An Analysis of Unilateral Termination of Employment by Employers under Indonesia’s Manpower Law: Analisis Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Secara Sepihak oleh Pengusaha Menurut Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia
No full textGeneral Background: Unilateral termination of employment (PHK sepihak) remains a persistent issue in Indonesia’s industrial relations, affecting workers’ economic and social stability. Specific Background: Despite the comprehensive regulation under Law No. 13/2003 on Manpower, gaps persist between legal norms and actual practices, particularly regarding procedural compliance and workers’ access to remedies. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies thoroughly examine how statutory provisions, post-MK decisions, and dispute-resolution mechanisms interact to shape the legality and consequences of unilateral termination. Aim: This study analyzes the legal framework governing unilateral termination, its legal consequences, and the protective mechanisms available to workers. Results: Findings show that unilateral termination is only lawful under conditions strictly regulated in the Manpower Law, including proven gross misconduct, corporate restructuring, or operational necessities, and must be accompanied by mandatory procedures such as negotiation and adjudication. Employers are obligated to provide severance, service appreciation pay, and compensation for rights, with variations depending on the grounds for termination. Novelty: This research integrates statutory analysis, judicial developments, and procedural safeguards to reveal persistent inconsistencies between legal standards and practical enforcement. Implications: Strengthening supervision, legal literacy, and procedural compliance is crucial to preventing arbitrary terminations and ensuring substantive worker protection.
Highlights:
The law strictly limits when employers may carry out unilateral termination.
Workers are entitled to severance and other compensations based on legal provisions.
Dispute-resolution mechanisms provide formal protection against arbitrary termination.
Keywords: Unilateral Termination, Manpower Law, Worker Protection, Severance Rights, Industrial Relation
Enforcement of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 51 of 1960 concerning the Prohibition of Unauthorized Use of Land (Case Study: The Banks of the Sepak Gabus River): Penegakan UU 51 Prp 1960 Atas Penguasaan Tanah Tanpa Hak (Studi Kasus: Bantaran Sungai Sepak Gabus)
No full textGeneral background: Illegal land occupation along riverbanks remains a persistent challenge in urban areas, threatening ecological functions and legal order. Specific background: In the Sepak Gabus River, Bekasi Regency, hundreds of buildings have been constructed without legal rights, violating Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 51 of 1960 and disrupting the river’s environmental capacity. Knowledge gap: Existing studies mainly adopt normative approaches, leaving limited empirical analysis on how legal enforcement, institutional capacity, and community dynamics interact in real implementation. Aims: This study examines the legal basis, enforcement mechanisms, and barriers faced by local government in addressing unlawful land occupation in riverbank areas. Results: Findings show that all structures lack valid land rights, while enforcement remains ineffective due to inconsistent implementation, limited relocation facilities, social resistance, weak coordination, and a permissive legal culture shaped by long-term state neglect. Novelty: This research integrates empirical field data with Roscoe Pound’s social engineering theory and Soekanto’s law-effectiveness framework to explain why regulatory enforcement fails in environmentally critical zones. Implications: Strengthening inter-agency coordination, ensuring adequate relocation support, and fostering legal awareness are essential to restore riverbank ecological functions and enhance sustainable land governance.
Highlights:
The study reveals that all riverbank structures lack legal land rights and constitute illegal occupation.
Law enforcement remains weak due to limited facilities, inconsistent action, and community resistance.
An integrated strategy is required to restore ecological functions and improve legal compliance.
Keywords: Land Occupation, Riverbanks, Law Enforcement, UU 51 Prp 196
Efficiency of Village Regulations in Indonesia: Efisiensi Peraturan Desa Di Indonesia
No full textBackground: Village regulations constitute a fundamental legal instrument in Indonesia’s regional autonomy framework, positioning villages as the lowest yet autonomous level of governance. Specific background: The enactment of Law Number 6 of 2014 on Villages provides a legal basis for villages to formulate regulations reflecting community aspirations, democratic values, and local wisdom. Knowledge gap: Despite this framework, the efficiency of village regulations remains constrained by regulatory inconsistency, political dynamics, and limited institutional capacity at the village level. Aims: This study examines the efficiency of village regulations through the construction of legal politics based on philosophical, juridical, and sociological foundations. Results: The findings indicate that regulatory alignment across levels of government and village institutional capacity play a central role in shaping regulatory efficiency. Novelty: This research positions village regulation efficiency as a product of legal–political construction rather than administrative compliance. Implications: Strengthening participatory mechanisms and harmonizing legal frameworks are essential to support efficient village governance and sustainable local development in Indonesia.
Highlights
Village regulations operate within legal and political constraints.
Regulatory alignment supports efficient village governance.
Institutional capacity shapes regulatory implementation at village level.
Keywords
Village Regulations, Legal Politics, Regional Autonomy, Local Governance, Participatory Governanc
The Role of Marketing Research in Achieving Information Awareness
No full textBackground This study is grounded in the increasing complexity of organizational environments, where economic expansion, technological change, and rising competition intensify the need for accurate information to guide strategic decisions. Specific Background Within this context, marketing research is expected to enhance organizational understanding of markets, consumers, and environmental dynamics, while information awareness enables employees to access, evaluate, and use information effectively. Knowledge Gap Despite these assumptions, limited empirical evidence explains how marketing research contributes to information awareness at the organizational level. Aim This research examines the correlation and effect between marketing research and information awareness among employees of Al Kafeel Printing, Publishing and Distribution House. Results Statistical analysis of data from 26 employees revealed a negative but insignificant correlation between the variables, and no measurable effect of marketing research on information awareness, as indicated by significance values exceeding 0.05. Novelty The study challenges the prevailing belief that marketing research naturally strengthens information awareness, showing that the relationship may be context-dependent and influenced by structural or cultural factors. Implications These findings suggest the need to improve the integration of research outputs into organizational learning processes to enhance informed decision-making and reinforce information-based practices.Highlight :
The study shows a negative correlation between marketing research and information awareness.
Statistical results confirm no significant effect between the two variables.
Increased marketing research does not directly improve employees’ information awareness.
Keywords : Marketing Research, Information Awareness, Business Environment, Alkafeel Compan
The Dimensions of the Quality of Financial Reporting and Their Impact on The Performance and Profitability of Companies
No full textBackground: High-quality financial reporting is essential for ensuring transparency, reducing information asymmetry, and strengthening stakeholder confidence, yet its direct contribution to firms’ financial performance remains debated. Specific Background: Prior evidence highlights varied effects of reporting quality across sectors and institutional environments, underscoring the need for sector-specific empirical validation in emerging markets such as Iraq. Knowledge Gap: Limited research has examined how reporting quality influences both performance and profitability across multiple Iraqi industries using integrated financial indicators within a multi-year framework. Aims: This study evaluates the effect of financial reporting quality on firms’ performance and profitability among corporations listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange from 2020–2023. Results: Regression analysis demonstrates a strong and significant relationship between reporting quality and key performance measures (ROA, ROE, D/E ratio, current ratio, and EBIT%), with an overall model correlation of 0.692. Sectoral results show that firms with higher and stable reporting quality tend to exhibit stronger or improving profitability, whereas weak reporting quality correlates with declining performance. Novelty: The study integrates four core reporting-quality dimensions with multi-sector financial indicators, providing a holistic assessment rarely conducted in the Iraqi context. Implications: Findings emphasize the strategic value of enhancing reporting quality to improve financial outcomes and guide regulatory, managerial, and policy reforms.Highlight :
The content emphasizes how reporting quality influences firms’ profitability through clearer and more reliable financial information.
The analysis highlights significant relationships between reporting quality and key performance indicators across sectors.
The findings underline that consistent, transparent reporting supports better decision-making for stakeholders
Keywords : Financial Reporting, Financial Performance, Financial Reporting Quality, Profitability, Earnings Qualit
Biochemical Profiles in Women with Parathyroid Carcinoma Under Chemotherapy
No full textGeneral Background: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy characterized by excessive parathyroid hormone secretion and severe metabolic disruption. Specific Background: Although its biochemical profile is well documented, evidence describing how chemotherapy influences circulating calcium, phosphate, vitamin D metabolites, and trace elements—particularly among older women—remains limited. Knowledge Gap: Few studies systematically compare these biochemical alterations with healthy controls to determine the extent of treatment-associated metabolic derangement. Aims: This study evaluates and correlates key biochemical parameters in women with parathyroid carcinoma undergoing chemotherapy relative to age-matched healthy subjects. Results: Findings demonstrated significantly elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone, alongside reduced phosphate, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)₂D, zinc, and iron in the patient group, indicating marked disruptions across mineral metabolism, vitamin D dynamics, and trace element homeostasis. Novelty: The study provides one of the first integrated biochemical assessments focused exclusively on chemotreated female patients, revealing a broader metabolic signature than previously recognized. Implications: These results highlight the importance of comprehensive biochemical monitoring to improve diagnostic accuracy, evaluate treatment response, and anticipate complications, thereby supporting more precise management strategies for parathyroid carcinoma.Highlight :
Elevated calcium and PTH are the key biochemical disturbances.
Reduced phosphate and vitamin D indicate notable metabolic impairment.
Trace element changes support the need for comprehensive biochemical evaluation.
Keywords : Parathyroid Carcinoma, Hypercalcemia, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Vitamin D Deficiency, Hypophosphatemi
Analysis of a Single-Phase Transformer Protection Control System Using a Microcontroller: Analisis Sistem Kontrol Proteksi Transformator Satu Fase Menggunakan Mikrokontroler
No full textGeneral Background: Single-phase distribution transformers frequently experience overcurrent, overvoltage, and thermal stress, which account for a significant portion of operational failures in low-voltage networks. Specific Background: Conventional thermal–electromechanical relays exhibit slow response times (150–300 ms) and lack real-time multi-parameter monitoring, limiting their ability to prevent insulation degradation under rapidly fluctuating loads. Knowledge Gap: Prior microcontroller-based protection studies rarely provide quantitative benchmarking against conventional relays, lack integrated current–voltage–temperature sensing, and often omit controlled fault-injection experiments for latency validation. Aims: This study aims to develop and evaluate a microcontroller-based protection system using calibrated ACS712, ZMPT101B, and NTC sensors with real-time decision logic to reduce fault-detection latency and improve protection reliability. Results: Experimental testing on single-phase transformer fault-injection scenarios demonstrated detection latencies of 84 ms (overcurrent), 96 ms (overvoltage), and 112 ms (thermal), with sensor errors below 2.4%, a 98.1% trip success rate, and only 1.3% false positives across 50 cycles. Novelty: The system integrates low-error multi-parameter sensing with sub-120-ms response and provides the first quantitative benchmark showing performance improvements over conventional relays. Implications: Findings confirm that optimized low-cost microcontroller platforms can serve as scalable, accurate, and time-efficient protection solutions for distribution transformers, supporting future development of intelligent protection systems.
Highlights:
Sub-120 ms fault-detection latency significantly outperforms conventional relays.
Multi-parameter sensing (current–voltage–temperature) enhances reliability and reduces missed trips.
Low-cost microcontroller platform provides a scalable and accurate protection alternative for distribution systems.
Keywords: Fault Detection, Microcontroller-Based Protection, Thermal Monitoring, Transformer Protection System, Overcurrent–Overvoltag
The Relevance of Judicial Beliefs in the Negative Proof System of Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code: Analysis of Surabaya District Court Decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/Pn.Sby: Relevansi Keyakinan Hakim dalam Sistem Pembuktian Negatif Pasal 183 KUHAP: Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya Nomor 454/Pid.B/2024/Pn.Sby
No full textGeneral Background: Judicial conviction is a central component of Indonesia’s criminal justice system, which adopts the negative proof theory under Article 183 KUHAP. Specific Background: Growing discrepancies between judicial conviction and legally valid evidence, illustrated by Surabaya District Court Decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/PN.Sby, have raised concerns regarding doctrinal consistency and judicial practice. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies integrate normative analysis, case-based evaluation, and Islamic legal perspectives to define the boundaries of judicial conviction. Aims: This study examines the relevance and limitations of judicial conviction within the negative proof model and assesses its application in the referenced court decision, complemented by Islamic jurisprudential insights. Results: Findings indicate that although the negative proof system remains normatively sound, judicial practice reveals deviations when conviction becomes overly subjective and insufficiently grounded in evidence; Islamic law emphasizes that judicial belief must be based on proof and moral accountability. Novelty: This research offers an integrative framework combining normative doctrine, case analysis, and Islamic legal principles to reinterpret the objective limits of judicial conviction. Implications: Strengthening objective standards, judicial integrity, and ethical safeguards is necessary to ensure proper application of Article 183 KUHAP and to restore public trust in judicial institutions.
Highlights:
The negative proof system requires judicial conviction to be firmly grounded in valid evidence.
The Surabaya court case illustrates how subjective conviction can distort legal reasoning.
Islamic legal principles reinforce the need for moral accountability in judicial decision-making.
Keywords: Judicial Conviction, Negative Proof Theory, Article 183 KUHAP, Judicial Integrity, Islamic Legal Perspectiv
Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in Risk Assessment and Prediction of Preeclampsia
No full textGeneral Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with early prediction remaining a critical challenge in obstetric care. Specific Background: Conventional diagnostic approaches based on clinical and isolated biochemical markers often identify the disorder at advanced stages and fail to capture its multifactorial pathophysiology. Knowledge Gap: There is limited integration of multidimensional clinical, biochemical, and Doppler data into robust predictive models capable of early and individualized risk assessment. Aims: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a machine learning–based model for early prediction of preeclampsia using comprehensive antenatal data. Results: In a retrospective cohort of 1,200 pregnant women, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an AUC of 0.94, sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 89%, and overall accuracy of 90%, outperforming random forest, support vector machine, and logistic regression models. Key predictors included mean arterial pressure, maternal age, uterine artery pulsatility index, placental growth factor, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1. Novelty: The study integrates 35 heterogeneous parameters into an AI-driven framework, highlighting the strength of ensemble learning in capturing nonlinear risk patterns. Implications: AI-based predictive tools offer significant potential for early identification of high-risk pregnancies, enabling targeted preventive interventions and advancing precision obstetrics to reduce preeclampsia-related adverse outcomes.Highlight :
XGBoost showed high accuracy for early preeclampsia risk prediction.
Combined clinical, biochemical, and Doppler data enabled early risk identification.
Early prediction supports timely preventive obstetric interventions.
Keywords : Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, Prediction, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learnin