E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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1909 research outputs found
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Eradication of Human Trafficking Crimes in Myanmar: Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Myanmar
No full textGeneral Background Human trafficking constitutes a serious form of transnational organized crime that directly violates human rights and disproportionately targets vulnerable populations, particularly migrant workers. Specific Background In Southeast Asia, Myanmar—especially the Myawaddy region following the 2021 coup—has emerged as a hub for online scamming operations and forced labor exploitation involving Indonesian nationals. Knowledge Gap Despite extensive victim repatriation efforts, limitations remain in cross-border law enforcement due to the absence of bilateral extradition arrangements and ongoing political instability in Myanmar. Aims This study examines Indonesia’s juridical responses to trafficking cases involving Indonesian citizens in Myanmar by analyzing the fulfillment of legal elements under Law No. 21 of 2007 and the application of international criminal law principles. Results The findings demonstrate that the cases meet all constituent elements of trafficking, namely actus reus, means, and mens rea, enabling Indonesia to invoke active and passive nationality principles, supported by Mutual Legal Assistance, INTERPOL Red Notice mechanisms, and ASEAN cooperation frameworks. Novelty The study highlights the strategic reliance on regional and international legal instruments as substitutes for formal extradition in a conflict-affected jurisdiction. Implications Strengthening ASEAN commitments, advancing an ASEAN Extradition Treaty, and optimizing existing cooperative mechanisms are essential to reinforce cross-border accountability and protection of Indonesian victims of human trafficking.
Highlights:
Trafficking cases involving Indonesian citizens satisfied all statutory elements under national anti-trafficking law.
Active and passive nationality principles provide a legal basis for prosecution and victim protection beyond territorial limits.
Regional and international cooperation mechanisms function as critical alternatives amid absent bilateral extradition arrangements.
Keywords: Human Trafficking, Myanmar, Bilateral Cooperatio
Physiological and Parasitological Interactions: Investigating Host Responses to Parasitic Infections through Experimental Analysis: Integrasi Kecerdasan Buatan untuk Pemantauan dan Evaluasi Strategi Pengendalian Hayati di Lapangan
No full textGeneral Background Parasitic infections remain a major challenge in human and veterinary health due to their systemic physiological and immunological consequences. Specific Background Beyond tissue damage, parasites induce metabolic disturbances and immune modulation that influence disease progression. Knowledge Gap Integrated experimental evidence linking physiological alterations with immune cell activation and cytokine regulation remains limited. Aims This study aimed to investigate host physiological responses and immune dynamics during experimental Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium berghei infections. Results Infected hosts exhibited significant weight loss, fever, hypoglycemia, elevated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and concurrent upregulation of IL-10. Gene expression analysis confirmed significant modulation of IL-6 and IL-10. Novelty The study provides an integrated assessment of physiological parameters, immune activation, cytokine production, and gene expression within a single experimental framework. Implications These findings highlight the complex balance between immune activation and regulation during parasitic infections and support the need for therapeutic strategies targeting immune modulation to improve parasite control while limiting immunopathology.
Keywords: Parasitic Infection, Host Physiology, Immune Response, Cytokine Regulation, Experimental Model
Key Findings Highlights:
Experimental infection induced marked metabolic and thermoregulatory alterations in hosts.
Adaptive immune activation involved significant CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
Concurrent pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling reflected immune regulation during infection
Reducing Academic Stress through Autonomy Fulfillment: A Self Determination Theory Solution in the Context of Students' Cognitive Load
No full textGeneral Background Academic stress has emerged as a critical issue in contemporary education, with increasing learning demands and structural pressures contributing to students’ psychological strain. Specific Background Cognitive Load Theory explains that excessive academic demands, arising from material complexity, task accumulation, and inefficient instructional design, exceed students’ working memory capacity and intensify stress, while educational policies and curriculum structures at the exosystem level further reinforce this burden. Knowledge Gap Existing studies predominantly examine academic stress through isolated internal or external factors, with limited integration of cognitive load, exosystem structures, and autonomy within a unified analytical framework. Aims This study aims to explain the role of cognitive load in the emergence of academic stress, analyze exosystem factors that exacerbate learning burden, and evaluate autonomy fulfillment within Self-Determination Theory as a strategy for reducing academic pressure. Results The findings indicate that excessive cognitive load significantly contributes to academic stress, while dense curricula, rigid schedules, and assessment policies intensify this condition; autonomy-supportive learning environments reduce extraneous cognitive load and strengthen students’ self-regulation in managing academic demands. Novelty This study integrates Cognitive Load Theory, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological perspective, and Self-Determination Theory to provide a comprehensive explanation of academic stress. Implications The findings highlight the necessity of flexible curriculum design, autonomy-supportive instructional practices, and policy reform to promote students’ mental well-being and sustainable learning environments.
Highlights:
Excessive learning demands and structural academic arrangements are closely associated with heightened psychological strain.
Policy-level curriculum density and assessment practices contribute to sustained mental burden among learners.
Learner choice and self-regulation function as protective mechanisms against accumulated academic pressure.
Keywords: Academic Stres, Autonomy, Self Determination, Cognitive Load
The Relationship between Sustainability Reports, Firm Size, and Company Value: The Moderating Role of Profitability in Oil and Gas Issuers Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023: Hubungan antara Laporan Keberlanjutan, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Nilai Perusahaan: Peran Moderasi Keuntungan pada Emiten Minyak dan Gas yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari Tahun 2019 hingga 2023
No full textGeneral Background: The oil and gas sector in Indonesia holds a strategic economic role while simultaneously facing increasing environmental, social, and governance demands from regulators and investors. Specific Background: Listed oil and gas companies are required to disclose sustainability reports alongside maintaining financial performance amid commodity price volatility during the 2019–2023 period. Knowledge Gap: Prior empirical studies report inconsistent findings regarding the relationships between sustainability reporting, firm size, and firm value, as well as the moderating role of profitability, particularly within capital-intensive and environmentally sensitive sectors. Aims: This study examines the relationships between sustainability reporting and firm size with firm value, and analyzes profitability as a moderating variable among oil and gas companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Results: Using panel data regression on 50 firm-year observations, the findings show that sustainability reporting and firm size are positively and significantly associated with firm value. Profitability demonstrates a direct positive association with firm value and moderates the relationships between sustainability reporting and firm size with firm value. Novelty: The study extends prior research by integrating firm size as an explanatory variable and profitability as a moderating factor within the specific context of Indonesian oil and gas listed firms over a recent multi-year period. Implications: The results highlight the relevance of sustainability disclosure, corporate scale, and financial performance in shaping market valuation, offering insights for corporate management, investors, and policymakers concerned with sustainable corporate strategies in the oil and gas industry.
Highlights:
Sustainability disclosure shows a significant positive association with corporate valuation.
Corporate scale demonstrates a statistically significant relationship with market-based value measures.
Financial performance strengthens the relationships between disclosure practices, corporate scale, and valuation.
Keywords: Pressure, ESG, Profitabilit
Semantic of Archaisation and its manifestations in contemporary Iraqi Plastic Art: Semantik Arkaisasi dan manifestasinya dalam seni rupa kontemporer Irak
No full textGeneral Background Contemporary Iraqi painting has evolved through continuous dialogue between inherited artistic traditions and modern aesthetic discourses shaped by social and cultural change. Specific Background Iraqi artists employ form, symbolism, and compositional structures to negotiate identity, modernity, and visual expression within a shifting historical context. Knowledge Gap Despite extensive discussions on Iraqi modern art, limited studies have systematically examined aesthetic form as a central interpretative axis connecting visual structure and cultural meaning. Aims This study aims to analyze aesthetic form in contemporary Iraqi painting and interpret its role in articulating modern artistic identity. Results The findings demonstrate that aesthetic form functions not merely as a visual arrangement but as a symbolic system reflecting social realities, cultural memory, and artistic adaptation. Novelty This research offers an integrated interpretative perspective that positions aesthetic form as a key mediator between tradition and modernity in Iraqi painting. Implications The study contributes theoretically to modern art discourse and provides a contextual framework for future analyses of contemporary Arab visual art.
Keywords:
Contemporary Iraqi Art, Aesthetic Form, Modern Painting, Visual Symbolism, Cultural Identity
Key Findings Highlights:
Aesthetic form represents cultural adaptation within contemporary Iraqi painting
Visual structures embody dialogue between tradition and modern artistic expression
Symbolic forms reflect social and historical realities in Iraqi modern ar
Legal Protection for Wives in Joint Property Division After Divorce
No full textGeneral Background: The division of joint property following divorce remains a central issue in Indonesian family law, particularly under the normative framework of the Marriage Law and the Compilation of Islamic Law, which traditionally emphasize equal distribution. Specific Background: In practice, rigid application of a 50:50 division often fails to address situations where one spouse bears a dominant economic role, especially in cases involving wives as primary breadwinners. Knowledge Gap: There is limited doctrinal clarity on how courts should reconcile formal equality norms with factual disparities in economic contribution within marriage. Aims: This study aims to analyze legal protection for wives in joint property disputes where husbands fail to contribute economically, as reflected in Blitar Religious Court Decision Number 1560/Pdt.G/2023/PA.BL. Results: Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the study finds that the court allocated 80% of joint property to the wife and 20% to the husband, based on evidence of the wife’s exclusive financial contribution and the husband’s failure to fulfill economic obligations. Novelty: The decision demonstrates judicial recognition that justice in joint property division need not follow a mathematical formula, but may adopt proportional distribution grounded in substantive justice. Implications: This ruling provides an important precedent for strengthening legal protection for wives, affirming that factual economic contributions and vulnerability after divorce must guide equitable resolution of joint property disputes in Indonesian religious courts.
Highlights:
Judicial reasoning prioritized factual economic roles over formal equal-sharing norms.
Proportional allocation was grounded in evidence of exclusive financial responsibility.
The ruling strengthens doctrinal support for equity-based asset distribution in divorce cases
Keywords: Joint Property, Legal Protection for Wife, Divorce, Economic Contribution, Court Decision
Obstacle in Elementary Education Classroom Management Barriers in Managing Elementary School Classrooms
No full textGeneral Background: Classroom management is central to the success of learning processes, particularly in elementary education where learners undergo social, emotional, and moral development. Specific Background: Managing classroom dynamics and sustaining student engagement are complex in primary schooling because rule recognition, peer interaction, and discipline formation are still developing. Knowledge Gap: Although classroom management strategies are widely discussed, research detailing contextual obstacles in primary education remains limited and often prioritizes solution-oriented training without sufficiently examining underlying causes of management failure. Aims: This study identifies and analyzes obstacles in elementary classroom management and formulates conceptual recommendations for a conducive, productive, and sustainable learning environment. Results: Using a descriptive qualitative library research approach, the study finds that obstacles are multidimensional, stemming from teacher-related conditions (e.g., authoritarian leadership, monotonous instruction, limited knowledge, weak teacher–student rapport), student-related conditions (e.g., inconsistent behavior, low task responsibility, rule-breaking), family environment (parenting styles shaping discipline and motivation), and learning facilities (limited space, overcrowding, inadequate learning media and tools). These conditions reduce learning quality and contribute to less conducive classroom situations. Novelty: The article consolidates a contextual, factor-based mapping of primary education classroom management obstacles and aligns them with categorized handling domains (teacher authority, school authority, and issues requiring wider stakeholder involvement). Implications: Preventive, corrective, and curative actions—supported by collaboration among teachers, schools, committees, and parents—are indicated as essential pathways for addressing obstacles and guiding policy and strategy formulation in elementary education.
Highlights:
Obstacles originate from teacher-related conditions, learner conduct, family environment, and school facilities.
These obstacles contribute to less conducive learning situations and reduced learning quality.
Handling pathways include preventive action, corrective action, curative action, and coordination with school committees and parents.
Keywords: Classroom Management, Elementary Education, Teacher Factors, Student Behavior, Learning Facilitie
Green Synthesis of Polypogon monspeliensis–Based Silver Nanoparticles and Their Multifunctional Biomedical Potential
No full textGeneral Background: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained attention as a sustainable approach to produce bioactive nanomaterials for biomedical use. Specific Background: Polypogon monspeliensis contains diverse phytochemicals that can function as reducing and stabilizing agents in plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis. Knowledge Gap: Its potential as a green bioresource for fabricating multifunctional silver nanoparticles remains insufficiently explored. Aims: This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of P. monspeliensis–derived silver nanoparticles (Pol-AgNPs). Results: Pol-AgNPs were successfully synthesized, exhibiting crystalline, quasi-spherical particles (≈51–69 nm) with notable dose-dependent antibacterial activity, strong DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and selective cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells. Novelty: The work demonstrates the dual functional role of P. monspeliensis extract in nanoparticle synthesis and bioactivity. Implications: Pol-AgNPs represent promising eco-friendly nanomaterials for future biomedical applications.Keywords : Green Synthesis, Polypogon Monspeliensis, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs), Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity, Anticancer NanomaterialsHighlight :
Plant extract reduced Ag+ yielding quasi-spherical, crystalline materials sized 51–69 nm.
Dose-dependent antibacterial action strongest against Pseudomonas aeruginosa among tested pathogens.
High radical scavenging and selective cytotoxicity toward A549 cells with limited normal fibroblast toxicity
Relationship Analysis Economic Growth and Unemployment Rate in East Java: Okun's Curve Anomaly Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analisis Hubungan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Tingkat Pengangguran di Jawa Timur: Anomali Kurva Okun Sebelum dan Sesudah Pandemi COVID-19
No full textEconomic growth and unemployment rates are two macroeconomic indicators used to measure the government's success in improving the welfare of the people. Low economic growth will lead to high unemployment rates, which is in line with Okun's law. Over the past two years, East Java's economic growth has contracted but has not been accompanied by a decline in unemployment rates. This is interesting considering that reality does not align with theory. This study aims to examine the consistency of Okun's law with reality both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. What is interesting about this study is that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the economy of East Java. This reality has actually improved the relationship between economic growth and unemployment rates. Based on Pearson's correlation coefficient, an inverse relationship was found between the pre- and post-pandemic periods. Therefore, it can be concluded that external interventions such as a pandemic can improve the relationship between the two variables to an appropriate level. The implications of these findings indicate that post-pandemic economic recovery needs to be directed towards strengthening labour-intensive sectors that absorb a large workforce. Policies to develop MSMEs, downstreaming, and improving skills after the pandemic could be the key to making East Java's economic growth more inclusive while reducing unemployment.
Highlights:
Tests Okun’s law consistency in East Java before and after COVID-19.
Finds inverse correlation between growth and unemployment post-pandemic.
Recommends post-pandemic recovery through labour-intensive and MSME sectors.
Keywords: Economic Growth, Open Unemployment Rate, Okun's Curve, Pandemic, Pearso
Power Relations, Investment Prospects, and Social Responsibility in Corporate Tax Avoidance Practices of Energy Companies in Indonesia 2020-2024: Relasi Kekuasaan, Prospek Investasi, dan Tanggung Jawab Sosial dalam Praktik Penghindaran Pajak Perusahaan Energi di Indonesia 2020-2024
No full textGeneral Background: Corporate tax avoidance remains a critical issue when tax revenue contributions are considered suboptimal, particularly in sectors characterized by volatility. Specific Background: In Indonesia’s energy sector, recurring concerns about tax planning practices have motivated renewed empirical attention to governance- and disclosure-related determinants. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies report inconsistent conclusions regarding the relationship between politically affiliated corporate structures, investment opportunity conditions, and corporate social responsibility disclosure in relation to tax avoidance. Aims: This study examines these relationships in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over 2020–2024 using panel data from annual and sustainability reports and estimation with a Random Effect Model in EViews. Results: Based on 41 firms (164 firm-year observations), political connections are statistically non-significant, while investment opportunities (market-to-book value) and corporate social responsibility disclosure (GRI-based index) are each negatively and significantly associated with tax avoidance as measured by the gap between the corporate income tax rate and GAAP effective tax rate; the adjusted R-squared is 0.0481. Novelty: The study consolidates political affiliation, investment opportunity conditions, and GRI-based CSR disclosure within a single energy-sector panel for Indonesia during 2020–2024. Implications: The findings suggest that stronger market-oriented growth prospects and higher CSR disclosure coincide with lower levels of tax avoidance indicators in listed energy firms, while political affiliation presence alone does not provide a statistically reliable explanation within the tested model.
Highlights:
Board-level political affiliation shows non-significance in the panel regression results.
Higher market-to-book value corresponds to a smaller statutory-rate versus GAAP-ETR gap.
Greater GRI-based sustainability disclosure corresponds to a smaller statutory-rate versus GAAP-ETR gap
Keywords: Revenue, Energy, Avoidanc