Organization - Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources / Organizacija - Revija za management, informatiko in kadre (University of Maribor)
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Posredni učinek strateškega upravljanja dobavne verige na trajnostno poslovanje: večnacionalna perspektiva
No full textBackground and Purpose: The comparative cross-sectional study examines the strategic supply chain management’s mediating effect on the sustainable operations through environmental and social sustainability within the businesses operating in Canada, Iran and Turkey to attain global perspective.
Methodology: Over 200 small businesses in each country are included through combining purposive sampling, referrals, networking, and connections. For quantitative data analysis, the Smart partial least square structural equation modeling (SmartPLS-SEM) is employed.
Results: Results showed that there is statistically significant positive mediating role of strategic supply chain on the sustainable operations (environmental and social sustainable) performances in all three selected economies. Findings further confirmed that within the multinational perspective, the SCM factors have higher significant positive impact within Canada in contrast to Iran and Turkey.
Conclusion: This study offers a new theoretical contribution by examining the mediating role of strategic supply chain from multinational perspective to enhance existing body of knowledge. Furthermore, it offers a practical contribution by providing the strategic research framework to facilitate managers in improving the small businesses’ performance in sustaining operations.
Keywords: Environmental sustainability, multinational perspective, social sustainability, sustainable operations, strategic supply chain managementOzadje in namen: Namen te primerjalne presečne študije je proučiti posredni vpliv strateškega upravljanja dobavne verige (SCM) na trajnostno poslovanje z okoljsko in družbeno vzdržnostjo v podjetjih, ki delujejo v Kanadi, Iranu in Turčiji, da bi dosegli globalno perspektivo.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop: Več kot 200 malih podjetij v vsaki navedenih držav je vključenih s kombiniranjem namenskega vzorčenja, mreženja in povezovanja. Za kvantitativno analizo podatkov je uporabljeno pametno modeliranje delnih najmanjših kvadratnih enačb (SmartPLS-SEM).
Rezultati: Študija je pokazala, da ima v vseh treh izbranih gospodarstvih strateška dobavna veriga na področju trajnostnih operacij (okoljskih in družbenih trajnostnih) pozitivno posredniško vlogo. Ugotovitve so nadalje potrdile, da imajo v večnacionalni perspektivi dejavniki SCM v Kanadi večji pozitiven vpliv v primerjavi z Iranom in Turčijo.
Zaključki: Raziskava ponuja nov teoretični prispevek z raziskovanjem posredniške vloge strateške dobavne verige z večnacionalne perspektive za izboljšanje obstoječega znanja. Poleg tega ponuja praktičen prispevek z zagotavljanjem strateškega okvira za raziskave, ki bo pomagal managerjem pri izboljšanju uspešnosti poslovanja malih in srednjih podjetij.
Ključne besede: okoljska trajnost, večnacionalna perspektiva, družbena vzdržnost, trajnostno poslovanje, strateško upravljanje dobavne verig
Vpliv kompetenc managerjev na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih pri delu v hotelskem sektorju
No full textBackground and purpose: The importance of soft-skills that managers can use to promote job satisfaction of employees is well known. Previous research has shown several different ways how managers can influence job satisfaction of employees, mostly in the form of external factors. Very little research is available on internal factors. This led us to the following research question: How managers’ competencies influence job satisfaction of employees?
Design/Methodology/Approach: We have performed a pencil-paper survey among employees in the hotel industry sector. The questionnaire asked respondents to evaluate the competencies of their supervisors; later, we asked respondents to evaluate what influences their job satisfaction, and, in the final part, we collected some demographical data.
Results: The results show a weak, but still detectable, positive correlation between the competencies of managers and job satisfaction of employees in the factor that we have labelled “work itself”. We have not found any correlation between the competencies of managers and job satisfaction of employees with regard to working conditions or possibilities of career development.
Conclusion: The competency of managers has an influence on job satisfaction of employees with regard to work itself. Although correlations that we have found are weak, they do exist, and have to be taken into account when it comes to discussing job satisfaction of employees. Managers who understand this core competency and promote it onwards to their employees will influence the job satisfaction of employees through this competency.
Keywords: competencies, managers, job satisfaction, influence, hotel industry.Ozadje in namen: Poznavanje in razumevanje delovanja mehkih veščin, ki jih managerji lahko uporabijo za spodbujanje zadovoljstva zaposlenih je že dobro raziskana tema. Predhodne raziskave so pokazale več različnih načinov, kako lahko managerji vplivajo na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih pri delu, predvsem skozi tako imenovane zunanje dejavnike. Zelo malo raziskav je sicer na voljo o notranjih dejavnikih. To nas je vodilo do naslednjega raziskovalnega vprašanja: Kako lahko kompetence managerjev vplivajo na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih pri delu?
Zasnova/Metodologija/Pristop: Med zaposlenimi v hotelih smo izvedli pisno anketo. V vprašalniku smo anketirance prosili, naj ocenijo kompetence svojih nadrejenih; nadalje smo anketirance prosili naj ocenijo kaj vpliva na njihovo zadovoljstvo pri delu. Povsem na koncu smo anketirance prosili še za nekaj demografskih podatkov.
Rezultati: V raziskavi smo zaznali šibko, a še vedno zaznavno pozitivno povezanost med kompetencami managerjev in zadovoljstvom zaposlenih v dejavniku, ki smo ga označili kot »delo kot tako«. Med kompetencami managerjev in delovnimi pogoji ter možnostjo za razvoj kariere ni bilo zaznanih nobenih povezav.
Zaključek: V raziskavi smo ugotovili vpliv kompetentnosti managerjev na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih pri samem delu. Čeprav so korelacije, ki smo jih odkrili, šibke, obstajajo in jih je potrebno upoštevati pri razpravi o zadovoljstvu zaposlenih pri delu. Glavni namen vsake organizacije v hotelskem sektorju je, da služi svojim strankam – gostom. Managerji, ki razumejo to ključno dejstvo in ga na primeren način prenašajo tudi na svoje zaposlene, bodo na ta načni vplivali tudi na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih z delom kot takim.
Ključne besede: kompetence, managerji, zadovoljstvo pri delu, vpliv, hotelski sektor
Ali analitika dobavne verige izboljšuje njeno inovativnost in robustnost?
No full textBackground and purpose: Little are known about the nature of the interaction between supply chain analytics, supply chain innovation and robustness capability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of supply chain analytics in enhancing firms supply chain innovation and robustness capability in the Arabian context.
Design/Methods: Using knowledge-based view and survey data from line managers in supply and logistics departments, the present study uses variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to diagnose the association between supply chain analytics, supply chain innovation and robustness capability.
Findings: Results suggest that supply chain analytics exerted significant impact on supply chain innovation and not on robustness capability. It appears that supply chain innovation exerted a significant impact on robustness capability, in doing so, supply chain innovation mediates the link supply chain analytics and robustness capability.
Conclusion: The outcome of this study points to the importance of supply chain analytics as a functional tool for supply chain and/or logistic routes stability and success. The paper concludes supply chain analytics can help managers have access timely and useful data for greater innovation; and that supply chain innovation is reliant not only on data, but also on firms’ analytic capabilities.
Keywords: Big data, supply chain analytics, supply chain innovation, robustness capabilityOzadje in namen: O naravi interakcije med analitiko dobavne verige, inovacijami v dobavni verigi in njeno robustnostjo je malo znanega. Namen tega dokumenta je preučiti učinkovitost analitike v dobavni verigi pri izboljšanju inovativnosti in zanesljivosti dobavne verige podjetij v arabskem kulturnem kontekstu.
Zasnova / metode: Z uporabo na znanju temelječih pogledov in anketnih podatkov zbranih od vodij linij v sektorjih oskrbe in logistike smo izdelali model strukturnih enačb na osnovi variance (PLS-SEM) za diagnosticiranje povezave med analizo dobavne verige, inovacijami v dobavni verigi in robustnostjo zmogljivosti.
Ugotovitve: Rezultati kažejo, da je analiza analitike v dobavni verigi pomembno vplivala na inovacije v dobavni verigi, ne pa na njeno robustnost. Pokazalo pa se je, da so inovacije na področju dobavne verige pomembno vplivale na robustnost, pri čemer inovacije v dobavni verigi posredujejo povezavo med analitiko dobavne verige in robustnostjo.
Zaključek: Izsledki študije kažejo na pomembnost analitike dobavne verige kot funkcionalnega orodja za stabilnost in uspeh dobavne verige in / ali logističnih poti. V članku predstavljena analiza dobavne verige lahko upravljavcem pomaga pri dostopu do pravočasnih in koristnih informacij za večjo inovativnost; inovacije v dobavni verigi so odvisne ne le od podatkov, ampak tudi od analitičnih zmogljivosti podjetij.
Ključne besede: veliki podatki, analitika dobavne verige, inovacije v dobavni verigi, zmogljivost robustnost
Poklicni stres, simptomi izgorelosti in zadovoljstvo na delovnem mestu starostno raznolikih zaposlenih
No full textBackground and Purpose: Age diverse employees are faced with different types of occupational stress and different symptoms of burnout when carrying out their work. Therefore, the role of age in job design and implementation of work should not be ignored. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the age differences of occupational stress and symptoms of burnout of employees and to analyze the impact of occupational stress, symptoms of burnout and age on employees’ work satisfaction. Methodology: The paper is based on research that includes a survey of employees in two age groups: younger employees under 50 years of age and older employees between 50 to 65 years of age. Factor analysis was used to form the constructs of occupational stress, symptoms of burnout and employees’ work satisfaction. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to test differences in the obtained constructs of occupational stress and symptoms of burnout in the workplace between two independent groups. The multiple regression analysis was used to examine the impact of occupational stress, symptoms of burnout and age on employees’ work satisfaction. Results: The results show there are statistically significant differences in occupational stress and symptoms of burnout in the workplace between older and younger employees. On average, younger employees perceived higher levels of occupational stress and burnout as compared to the older group. Research results also show that occupational stress, behavioral symptoms and emotional symptoms of burnout, as well as age, have a significant impact on employees’ work satisfaction. Conclusion: Managing diversity requires a strategic approach to managing people at work. Therefore, this research adds to the body of knowledge by pointing out the relationship between age and occupational stress and burnout symptoms. Because the role of age in job design has largely been ignored, these relationships have not been studied enough. Keywords: Occupational stress; burnout; symptoms of burnout; age-diverse employees; work satisfactionOzadnje in namen: Starostno raznoliki zaposleni se soočajo z različnim poklicnim stresom in različnimi simptomi izgorelosti pri opravljanju svojega dela. Zato ne smemo zanemariti vloge starosti zaposlenih pri upravljanju delovnih mest. Glavni namen prispevka je preučiti starostne razlike v poklicnem stresu in simptomih izgorelosti zaposlenih ter analizirati vpliv poklicnega stresa, simptomov izgorelosti in starosti na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih. Metodologija: Prispevek temelji na raziskavi razlik med dvema starostnima skupinama, in sicer skupino mlajših zaposlenih, ki so bili razvrščeni v skupino pod 50 let in starejših zaposlenih med 50 in 65 letom starosti. Faktorska analiza je bila uporabljena za oblikovanje konstruktov poklicnega stresa, simptomov izgorelosti in zadovoljstva na delovnem mestu. Neparametrični Mann-Whitney U test je bil uporabljen za testiranje razlik v vrednosti konstruktov poklicnega stresa in simptomov izgorelosti na delovnem mestu med dvema neodvisnima skupinama. Multipla regresijska analiza je bila uporabljena za preučitev vpliva poklicnega stresa, simptomov izgorelosti in starosti na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih na delovnem mestu. Rezultati: Rezultati kažejo, da obstajajo statistično značilne razlike v poklicnem stresu in simptomih izgorelosti na delovnem mestu med starejšimi in mlajšimi zaposlenimi. V povprečju mlajši zaposleni zaznavajo višjo stopnjo poklicnega stresa in izgorelosti v primerjavi s starejšimi zaposlenimi. Rezultati raziskave tudi kažejo, da poklicni stres, vedenjski simptomi izgorelosti in čustveni simptomi izgorelosti ter starost, statistično značilno vplivajo na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih na delovnem mestu. Zaključek: Upravljanje starostne raznolikosti zahteva strateški pristop k upravljanju ljudi pri delu. S tega vidika raziskava dopolnjuje obstoječa raziskovalna spoznanja s poudarjanjem odnosov med starostjo in poklicnim stresom ter simptomi izgorelosti, ki do sedaj niso bili dovolj raziskani, saj je bila vloga starosti pri upravljanju delovnih mest v veliki meri prezrta. Ključne besede: poklicni stres; izgorelost; simptomi izgorelosti; starostno raznoliki zaposleni; zadovoljstvo na delovnem mest
Odnos med uporabo izbire, optimizacije in kompenzacije in delovne sposobnosti izvajalcev zdravstvene nege starih 50 let in več
No full textBackground and purpose: The raising of the retirement age in the field of nursing care increases the need for successful aging strategies in the work environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of selection, optimization and compensation and their correlation with the working ability of nurses aged fifty and over in Slovenia.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study encompasses 433 nurses over the age of 50 (M = 53.75±2.40 years) working in 13 hospitals across Slovenia. Two measurement instruments used in the field of nursing were adapted, the model of Selection, Optimization and Compensation (SOC) and the Work Ability Index (WAI). Data was processed using descriptive statistical methodology. The correlation between statistical variables was calculated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. For a description of the functional relationship between SOC use and calendar age, linear and potential regression functions were used.
Results: We found out that the use of SOC is slightly growing with the calendar age of the nurses. The most used SOC element is “selection”. Calculated WAI for nurses is at the lower end of the classification category “good” (M = 36.98±6.46) There is a positive correlation between SOC and WAI (rs = 0.23), causality was not studied.
Conclusions: Increased use of SOC can lead to better work ability by nurses over fifty. Therefore, in the future, nurses will need to be trained and motivated to use SOC strategies.
Keywords: Nursing; work ability index; selection, optimization and compensation; successful aging.Ozadje in namen: Z dvigom upokojitvene starosti se potrebe po strategijah uspešnega staranja v delovnih okoljih na področju zdravstvene nege povečujejo. Namen prispevka je predstaviti odnos uporabe izbire, optimizacije in kompenzacije na delovno zmožnost izvajalcev zdravstvene nege starih 50 let in več, v Sloveniji.
Oblikovanje / metodologija / pristop: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 433 izvajalcev zdravstvene nege, starih 50 let in več (M = 53.75±2.40 let), iz 13 bolnišnic v Sloveniji. Uporabljena sta bila dva merska instrumenta in sicer za področje zdravstvene nege prilagojen model izbire, optimizacije in kompenzacije (SOC) in instrument za merjenje indeksa delovne sposobnosti (WAI). Podatki so bili obdelani z metodami opisne statistike. Povezanost statističnih spremenljivk smo merili s Spearmanovim korelcijskim koeficientom. Funkcijski odnos med uporabo SOC in starostjo smo izrazili z linearno in potenčno regresijsko funkcijo.
Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da uporaba SOC s starostjo rahlo narašča. Največkrat uporabljen element SOC je »izbira«. Izračunan WAI pri izvajalcih zdravstvene nege je na spodnji meji kategorije »dobro« (M=36.98±6.46; Me=38). Obstaja pozitivna monotona povezanost med SOC in WAI (rs=0.23), vzročne povezanosti nismo ugotavljali.
Zaključki: Večja uporaba SOC-a lahko vodi k boljši delovni sposobnosti izvajalcev zdravstvene nege starih 50 let in več. Zato bi management zdravstvene nege v prihodnosti moral vzpostaviti pogoje za uporabo strategij SOC ter izvajalce zdravstvene nege usposobiti in motivirati za uporabo le-teh.
Ključne besede: zdravstvena nega, indeks delovne sposobnosti, izbira, optimizacija in kompenzacija, uspešno staranje
Ocena konkurenčnosti izdelkov: analiza primera
No full textBackground and Purpose: The existing frameworks provide a superficial approach to the evaluation of product competitiveness which reveals the linkage between the level of product competitiveness and quantitative as well as qualitative factors that have the most significant impact thereon. Given this fact, the purpose of this paper is to elaborate a model for evaluating the competitiveness of sunflower packaged oil, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors that may alter it. Further, this model is being implemented to examine the most demanded Ukrainian sunflower oil brands in order to reveal possibilities for enhancing competitiveness. Design/Methodology/Approach: The general methodology of the research includes elements of theoretical, empirical, qualitative and quantitative analyses. The theoretical analysis aims to shed light upon a different understanding of “the evaluation of competitiveness”, as well as approaches and tools for analysing it. Empirical analysis focuses on observing official statistical data of the export of sunflower oil and future trends. Qualitative analysis consists in the identification, systematization and description of factors that affect the competitiveness of sunflower oil packaged. In turn, quantitative analysis is based on usage of the Fuzzy logic tool in order to evaluate the impact of complex and partial factors on the level of product competitiveness. Results: This paper provides a business case for product competitiveness evaluation of a particular sunflower oil brand. Based on usage of the Fuzzy logic toolkit, the impact of complex and partial factors on competitiveness level was analysed. As a result, simulation of the competitiveness sensitivity of a particular oil brand on relevant complex factors that determine it competitiveness level was presented. This business case may help managers to channel their efforts and resources in the proper particular direction to increase product competitiveness and product positioning on the market. Conclusion: The results of this research would be useful to practitioners in their assessment of product competitiveness, modelling future levels, and understanding hidden possibilities for enhancing product competitiveness. The framework offered might be adopted for other types of products. Keywords: product competitiveness, general and partial factors, fuzzy logic.Ozadje in namen: Obstoječi okviri zagotavljajo le površinski pristop k vrednotenju konkurenčnosti izdelkov, ki upošteva povezavo med stopnjo konkurenčnosti izdelkov in kvantitativnimi ter kvalitativnimi dejavniki, ki imajo največji vpliv na to. Ker je namen tega članka izdelati model za ocenjevanje konkurenčnosti pakiranega sončničnega olja, ob upoštevanju tako kvantitativnih kot kvalitativnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na konkurenčnost. Razviti model smo uporabili tudi za preučevanje najbolj zahtevnih ukrajinskih blagovnih znamk sončničnega olja, da bi ugotovili možnosti za povečanje konkurenčnosti.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop: Metodologija raziskave vključuje elemente teoretičnih, empiričnih, kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih analiz. Namen teoretične analize je osvetliti različno razumevanje »vrednotenja konkurenčnosti« ter pristopov in orodij za njegovo analizo. Empirična analiza se osredotoča na opazovanje uradnih statističnih podatkov o izvozu sončničnega olja in prihodnjih trendov. Kvalitativna analiza je sestavljena iz identifikacije, sistematizacije in opisa dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na konkurenčnost pakiranega sončničnega olja. Kvantitativna analiza pa temelji na uporabi orodja mehke logike za oceno vpliva kompleksnih in delnih dejavnikov na raven konkurenčnosti izdelkov.
Rezultati: V prispevku je predstavljen poslovni primer ocenjevanja konkurenčnosti posamezne blagovne znamke sončničnega olja. Na podlagi uporabe orodja mehke logike smo analizirali vpliv kompleksnih in delnih dejavnikov na raven konkurenčnosti. Kot rezultat je bila predstavljena simulacija konkurenčne občutljivosti posamezne oljne blagovne znamke na relevantne kompleksne dejavnike, ki določajo njeno konkurenčnost. Ta poslovni primer lahko pomaga upravljavcem usmeriti svoja prizadevanja in sredstva v pravo smer, da bi povečali konkurenčnost izdelkov in pozicioniranje izdelkov na trgu.
Zaključek: Rezultati teh raziskav bi bili koristni za strokovnjake pri ocenjevanju konkurenčnosti izdelkov, modeliranju prihodnjih ravni in razumevanju skritih možnosti za povečanje konkurenčnosti izdelkov. Ponujeni okvir bi se lahko uporabljal tudi za druge vrste izdelkov.
Ključne besede: konkurenčnost izdelkov, splošni in delni dejavniki, mehka logik
Razvoj vodenja kakovosti in izzivi za jutri
No full textBackground and purpose: The quality management field has been studied for more than 100 years dating back to the early 1900s when Fredrick W. Taylor is known as the father of Scientific Management, stressed the importance of quality inspection. This paper describes how quality management field has developed and evolved to date, particularly by tracking its focus over time.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic approach to literature review was adapted in this research. Identifying the gurus and the scholars in this field makes it possible for the researchers to review their works, which are, mainly, in the form of books and journal articles. Process in getting literature review that has been conducted include quality management in general, as well as ‘evolution of quality management’ and ‘development of quality management’ respectively in capturing the field of quality management and thus, illustrating how the quality management field has evolved over the time.
Results: It appears that quality management literature have evolved through time, and as they evolved, the principles, systems, tools and techniques have changed. As a result of the study, this paper also provides the synthesis of quality management literature over time according to the key focus and gives a new perspective for the further research.
Conclusions: The historical review allows the researchers to establish the pattern of quality – the ‘focus, principles, systems, and tools and techniques’ over time. Our observations have confirmed that as the focus has changed, the principles have also changed and as the principles have changed, the systems, tools and techniques also have changed in quality management field.
Keywords: Quality Management; focus; principles; systems; and tools and techniques.Ozadje in namen: Področje upravljanja kakovosti so proučevali že pred več kot 100 leti. V zgodnjih 1900-ih je Fredrick W. Taylor, znan kot oče znanstvenega menedžmenta, poudaril pomen inšpekcijskega nadzora kakovosti. V tem prispevku je prikazano, kako se je področje upravljanja kakovosti razvilo in razvijalo do danes, s poudarkom na njegovi osredotočenosti skozi čas.
Oblikovanje / metodologija / pristop: V raziskavi je bil prilagojen sistematičen pristop k pregledu literature. Če prepoznajo guruje in eminentne znanstvenike na izbranem področju, lahko raziskovalci ovrednotijo svoja dela, ki so objavljena predvsem v obliki knjig in člankov v revijah. Proces presoje literature, ki smo ga uporabili, vključuje splošno upravljanje kakovosti, pa tudi „razvoj vodenja kakovosti“ in tako ponazarja, kako se je sčasoma razvijalo področje vodenja kakovosti.
Rezultati: Z razvojem literature o vodenju kakovosti so se načela, sistemi, orodja in tehnike vodenja kakovosti intenzivno spreminjali. Članek predstavi sintezo literature o vodenju kakovosti skozi čas glede na ključni poudarek in daje novo perspektivo za nadaljnje raziskave.
Zaključki: Zgodovinski pregled omogoča raziskovalcem, da sčasoma določijo vzorec kakovosti - „osredotočenost, načela, sisteme ter orodja in tehnike“. Naša opažanja so potrdila, da so se s poudarkom na spremembi spreminjala tudi načela; ker so se načela spreminjala, so se spreminjali tudi sistemi, orodja in tehnike na področju upravljanja kakovosti.
Ključne besede: upravljanje kakovosti; osredotočenost; načela; sistemi; ter orodja in tehnike
Vedenjski vidiki finančnega odločanja
No full textBackground and Purpose: Behavioural finance is a relatively new, but rapidly evolving field that provides explanations of an economic decision-making by cognitive psychology, conventional economic and financial theory. Behavioural finance searches the influence of psychology on the behaviour of financial practitioners and the subsequent effects on the financial markets. The purpose of the paper is the research on behavioural aspects of financial decision-making as they help explain why and how markets might be inefficient. Design/Methodology/ Approach: Fuzzy logic is an excellent tool for working with linguistic variables that are often found when working with behavioural data. Thus, we analyse the financial decision-making process from the perspective of behavioural finance aimed at better understanding of the decision-making process of investors applying the principles of fuzzy logic to solve various financial problems. Results: The results of the study indicate that fuzzy logic is applicable when solving problems of financial management and financial decision-making problems. The urgency of the fuzzy logic application for managerial and financial decisions should be emphasized. Research in this area indicates that in some cases, as in the case of behavioural financing, the use of fuzzy logic is far more suitable than the use of other methods (Peters, Aguiar and Sales). Conclusion: The novelty of the paper is to extend the application of fuzzy sets in the area of financial decision-making. The paper demonstrates that despite the fact, that fuzzy logic is currently used mainly in technical directions, it is applicable also in financial management, especially, in cases where it is necessary to consider the influence of human and the occurrence of linguistic variables. Keywords: behavioural economics; behavioural finance; fuzzy transform; fuzzy setsOzadje in namen: Vedenjske finance so relativno novo, a hitro razvijajoče se področje, ki ponuja razlago ekonomskega odločanja s kognitivno psihologijo, konvencionalno ekonomsko in finančno teorijo. Vedenjske finance iščejo vpliv psihologije na obnašanje finančnih strokovnjakov in posledične učinke na finančne trge. Namen prispevka je raziskati vedenjske vidike sprejemanja finančnih odločitev, saj pomagajo pojasniti, zakaj in kako so trgi lahko neučinkoviti. Zasnova / Metodologija / Pristop: Mehka logika je odlično orodje za delo z lingvističnimi spremenljivkami, ki se pogosto pojavljajo pri delu z vedenjskimi podatki. Zato analiziramo proces sprejemanja finančnih odločitev z vidika vedenjskih financ, da bi bolje razumeli proces odločanja vlagateljev, ki uporabljajo načela mehke logike za reševanje različnih finančnih problemov. Rezultati: Rezultati študije kažejo, da je mehka logika uporabna pri reševanju problemov finančnega upravljanja in finančnih odločitev. Poudariti je treba nujnost uporabe mehke logike za vodstvene in finančne odločitve. Raziskave na tem področju kažejo, da je v nekaterih primerih, kot v primeru vedenjskega financiranja, uporaba mehke logike veliko bolj primerna kot uporaba drugih metod (Peters, Aguiar in Sales). Zaključek: Novost v prispevku je razširiti uporabo mehkih množic na področju sprejemanja finančnih odločitev. Prispevek kaže, da kljub temu, da se mehka logika trenutno uporablja predvsem v tehničnih smereh, je uporabna tudi v finančnem upravljanju, zlasti v primerih, ko je treba upoštevati vpliv človeka in pojavljanje lingvističnih spremenljivk. Ključne besede: vedenjska ekonomija; vedenjske finance; mehka transformacija; mehki niz
Zadovoljstvo z delovnim mestom in organizacijsko vedenje državljanov: posredniški vpliv organizacijske zaveze
No full textBackground and Purpose: Recently, job satisfaction has become a center of attention among academics, behavioral scientists, and business practitioners. Drawing on the tenet of the social exchange theory (SET) perspective and extending the conceptualization of the same, the present study aims at investigating the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and citizenship behavior and mediation mechanism to unearth the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on citizenship behavior.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Building on the positivist paradigm, we used quantitative research methodology following deductive reasoning approach. Henceforth, we have collected 210 replies from employees who have been serving Ready-made garments (RMG) sector that accounts for the highest export earning industry (84% of the total export earning) in Bangladesh. We purposively selected Chittagong Export Processing Zone, the largest export processing zone in Bangladesh, for collecting our required data. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and structural equation model (SEM) using Smart PLS 2, a second-generation regression analysis, and SPSS 20.
Results: The structural model estimates that all the direct influences are significant excepting the impact of job satisfaction on citizenship behavior. Besides, the full mediation effect of organizational commitment was found in the relationships between job satisfaction and citizenship behavior.
Conclusion: The main implication is suggesting all corporate executives for creating an environment which will make employees very committed to letting them think out of the box beyond their required formal task requirement. In addition to a longitudinal study, further research on the moderating effect of demographic factors on the above variable is attested.
Keywords: Citizenship Behavior, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, RMGOzadje in namen: V zadnjem času je zadovoljstvo z delovnim mestom pritegnilo vse več pozornosti akademikov, vedenjskih znanstvenikov in strokovnjakov za management. Cilj naše študije je ob upoštevanju načela teorije socialne izmenjave (Social Exchange Theory - SET) in razširitve konceptualizacije le-te, raziskati razmerja med zadovoljstvom z delovnim mestom, organizacijsko zavzetostjo in državljanskim vedenjem ter mehanizmom posredovanja, da bi ugotovili učinek zadovoljstva z delovnim mestom in organizacijske zavezanosti na vedenje državljanov.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop: Na podlagi pozitivistične paradigme smo uporabili kvantitativno metodologijo raziskovanja in deduktivno sklepanje. Zbrali smo 210 odgovorov zaposlenih v sektorju konfekcijskih oblačil, ki je najmočnejša industrijska veja v Bangladešu in predstavlja kar 84% celotnega izvoza države. Namenoma smo izbrali območje Chittagong, največje območje za izvozno obdelavo v Bangladešu. Podatki so bili analizirani z uporabo opisne statistike, bivarijatne korelacije in modela strukturne enačbe (SEM) z uporabo Smart PLS 2, regresijske analize druge generacije in SPSS 20.
Rezultati: Strukturni model je pokazal, da so vsi neposredni vplivi pomembni, razen vpliva zadovoljstva s službo na vedenje državljanstva. Poleg tega je bil celoten mediacijski učinek organizacijske zavzetosti ugotovljen v razmerjih med zadovoljstvom z delom in vedenjem državljanov.
Zaključki: Predlagamo vodjem podjetij, managerjem, da ustvarijo okolje, da se bodo zaposleni čutili zavezane, da lahko razmišljajo tudi zunaj svojih potrebnih formalnih zahtev njihovega dela. Predlagamo, da se izvede longitudinalne študije in nadalje razišče vplivu demografskih dejavnikov na omenjeno spremenljivko.
Ključne besede: vedenje državljanstva, zadovoljstvo delovnih mest, organizacijska zavzetos
Motivacija znanjskih delavcev - primer Albanije
No full textBackground and Purpose: Very little is known about motivation of knowledge workers in the Western Balkans. There is a widespread belief that money and career opportunities are the most critical motivational factors, but from a pre-study more intrinsic motivational factors also appeared to be important. To develop a better understanding of work motivation, a study was conducted among knowledge workers in Albania, with a special interest in the themes of extrinsic / extrinsic motivation and organizational commitment. Methodology: After a pre-study and a review of theory, two motivation theories (self-determination theory and organizational commitment) and corresponding instruments (Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale, respectively Organizational Commitment Questionnaire) were selected. A survey based on purposive homogeneous sampling was applied, resulting in 252 valid questionnaires. The internal consistency of the survey data was tested and resulted in acceptable to good levels. Results: The findings show that, when knowledge workers are asked about their motivation, they give answers showing that intrinsic motivational factors are more important than extrinsic motivational factors. The study shows that affective commitment - the core factor of organizational commitment - of the respondents is quite high. Correlation analysis of the data shows that across age, gender and number of years of employment, knowledge workers report intrinsic and introjected motivation and affective organizational commitment. Respondents’ work positions – professional or leadership – also do not significantly correlate with motivation and organizational commitment. Conclusion: Given the results on motivational factors and organizational commitment, organizations need to pay attention to the relationship between enhanced motivation and enhanced productivity. Current transactional leadership styles do stimulate employees on the basis of their intrinsic motivation to enhance their productivity, and should be considered too. Keywords: motivation; self-determination; organizational commitment; Albania; Western BalkansOzadje in namen: O motivaciji delavcev na področju znanja na Zahodnem Balkanu je zelo malo znanega. Obstaja splošno razširjeno prepričanje, da so zaslužek in poklicne možnosti najbolj kritični motivacijski dejavniki, toda predhodne študije so nakazale, da so pomembni tudi notranji motivacijski dejavniki. Za boljše razumevanje motivacije za delo je bila v Albaniji izvedena študija med delavci, ki se ukvarjajo z znanjem, usmerjena na zunanje motivacijske dejavnike in na organizacijsko zavezanost. Metodologija: Po predhodni študiji in pregledu teorije sta bili izbrani dve motivacijski teoriji (teorija samoodločanja in organizacijska zavezanost) in ustrezni instrumenti (delovna ekstrinzična in intrinzična motivacijska lestvica oziroma vprašalnik za organizacijsko zavezanost). Izvedena je bila raziskava, ki temelji na namenskem homogenem vzorčenju. Zbrali smo 252 veljavnih vprašalnikov. Preverjena je bila notranja skladnost podatkov raziskovanja. Rezultati: Ugotovitve kažejo, da ko so delavci, ki se ukvarjajo z znanjem na vprašanja o njihovi motivaciji, dajo odgovore, ki kažejo, da so notranji motivacijski dejavniki pomembnejši od zunanjih motivacijskih dejavnikov. Študija kaže, da je afektivna zaveza - osrednji dejavnik organizacijske zavezanosti - zelo visoka. Korelacijska analiza podatkov kaže, da anketirani strokovnjaki, ne glede na starost, spol in število let zaposlitve, identificirajo kot najmočnejši dejavnik notranjo in introjektirano motivacijo ter afektivni organizacijsko zavezanost. Delovna mesta anketirancev - strokovna ali vodstvena - prav tako bistveno ne vplivajo na motivacijo in organizacijsko zavezanost. Zaključek: Rezultate raziskave motivacijskih dejavnikov in organizacijske zavezanosti kažejo, da morajo organizacije posvetiti pozornost razmerju med večjo motivacijo in večjo produktivnostjo. Današnji slogi transakcijskega vodenja spodbujajo zaposlene na podlagi njihove notranje motivacije za povečanje produktivnosti in jih velja upoštevati. Ključne besede: motivacija; samoodločanje; organizacijska zavezanost; Albanija; Zahodni Balka