Organization - Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources / Organizacija - Revija za management, informatiko in kadre (University of Maribor)
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No full textThe aim of this special issue “Recent Advances in Simulation based decision making in business process” is to continue presenting the research achievement from the area of Systems Approach and Decision Support Systems for assessments of complex problems. The majority of the contributions represents extended and revised papers presented at the 26th, Conference on System Research, Informatics and Cybernetics, Baden-Baden, Germany, August 4-9, 2014, in the stream Simulation Based Decision Support and Business Intelligence, chaired by Miroljub Kljajić. The special issue includes papers dealing with the development of simulation methodology, modeling tools and practice for decision assessment, service systems, control, optimization and agriculture dynamics research. To address those issues above, firm policies need to be established as a result of continued search for a sustainable future. In that respect, the paper entitled “Sugar beet production: A system dynamics model and economic analysis” describes the system dynamics model for beet production development in order to support decision making and is continuation of previous research. The sugar beet is the main field crop used for sugar production in the temperate climatic zone. Since investment in sugar beet industry are long term and ireversible the decision support and economic analysis are required in order to maximise investment returns. A system dynamics methodology was chosen to model the impacts of regional sugar factory investments. The simulation provides answers to strategic questions related to the total sugar beet production and processing system and will be used for the simulation of different scenarios for sugar production and their impact on economic and environmental parameters at an aggregate level. The purpose of the paper entitled “How Close to Reality is the „as-is” Business Process Simulation Model?” was the development of a Business Process Simulation (BPS) model based on real-life data. The research has been performed in Polish Telecommunications Company. The authors investigate technical process of expanding cellular network. After elaborating “as-is” model, authors use ADONIS simulation tool to run a series simulations and confront simulation results with actual historical events. The simulation model has been constructed with data from the WfMS database, observations, staff knowledge and their experience. The authors conclude that BPS is not a popular approach for process reengineering and improvement yet. Data collection issues for BPS that require adopting process mining techniques and additional information sources are among the reasons for that. The paper entitled “Web Application for Hierarchical Organizational Structure Optimization – Human Resource Management Case Study” describes new methodology to prevent oscillation during optimization of parameters in organizational hierarchical structure. The objective was optimization of the flow parameter values in the hierarchical organizational model with genetic algorithms and finite automata. The hierarchical structure was modeled according to System Dynamics. The problem of the undesired oscillatory behavior was addressed with deterministic finite automata, while the flow parameter values were optimized with genetic algorithms. The results indicate that the hierarchical organizational model, genetic algorithms and deterministic finite automata have been successfully implemented with JavaScript as a web application that can be used on mobile devices. The aim of this paper entitled “Systems Approach to Standardisation, Classification and Modelling of Managed Events for Tourism” is the development standardisation and classification of managed events provides a legislative basis to distinguish events managed for tourism in their characteristics and quality. In the context of a systems approach, the authors used qualitative modelling and constructed causal loop models of the legislative system of events and investments in the events. Article was continued with structure of SD model in a frame of systems dynamics. In the paper “A Statistical Model for Shutdowns due to Air Quality Control for a Copper Production Decision Support System”, a decision support system for copper production for one of the largest mining companies in Australia was developed. Statistical model for shutdowns due to air quality control and some of the data analysis conducted during the simulation project was described. The statistical model made use of a full year of data on daily downtimes and used a combination of techniques to generate replications of the data. The environmental conditions affected greatly the operations of the production facility. A good statistical model was essential for the successful simulation and the high budget expansion decision that ensued. The last paper of this issue is called “Multi-criteria assessment of vegetable production business alternatives”. The article describes oorganic and integrated production of vegetables in Slovenia. The study analyzed two production systems with different cultures as alternatives with the purpose to find the most appropriate variants. The study is based on the development and integration of developed specific technological-economic simulation models for the production of vegetables (growing salad, peppers, salad cucumbers, pickling cucumbers, round and cherry tomato) in greenhouse and multi-criteria decision analysis. The methodology of the study based on the DEX methodology and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) of organic (ECO) and integrated production (IP) in greenhouse. The evaluation results show that both cultivation methods of commercially attractive vegetables in greenhouse are variable. The guest editors hope that our selected topics display the state-of-the-art of the research efforts over the world coping with complex problem solving in a holistic way which is characteristic for modern Systems Research and Cybernetics! Moreover, we are very thankful to journal Organizacija (Organization - Journal of Management, Information Systems and Human Resources) for having given us the opportunity and honour of hosting this special issue as a scientific project and service to the people on earth. We express our gratitude to the Editors of Organizacija, and hope that our special issue will well-demonstrate Organizacija being a premium journal and of a great scientific and social value!The aim of this special issue “Recent Advances in Simulation based decision making in business process” is to continue presenting the research achievement from the area of Systems Approach and Decision Support Systems for assessments of complex problems. The majority of the contributions represents extended and revised papers presented at the 26th, Conference on System Research, Informatics and Cybernetics, Baden-Baden, Germany, August 4-9, 2014, in the stream Simulation Based Decision Support and Business Intelligence, chaired by Miroljub Kljajić. The special issue includes papers dealing with the development of simulation methodology, modeling tools and practice for decision assessment, service systems, control, optimization and agriculture dynamics research. To address those issues above, firm policies need to be established as a result of continued search for a sustainable future. In that respect, the paper entitled “Sugar beet production: A system dynamics model and economic analysis” describes the system dynamics model for beet production development in order to support decision making and is continuation of previous research. The sugar beet is the main field crop used for sugar production in the temperate climatic zone. Since investment in sugar beet industry are long term and ireversible the decision support and economic analysis are required in order to maximise investment returns. A system dynamics methodology was chosen to model the impacts of regional sugar factory investments. The simulation provides answers to strategic questions related to the total sugar beet production and processing system and will be used for the simulation of different scenarios for sugar production and their impact on economic and environmental parameters at an aggregate level. The purpose of the paper entitled “How Close to Reality is the „as-is” Business Process Simulation Model?” was the development of a Business Process Simulation (BPS) model based on real-life data. The research has been performed in Polish Telecommunications Company. The authors investigate technical process of expanding cellular network. After elaborating “as-is” model, authors use ADONIS simulation tool to run a series simulations and confront simulation results with actual historical events. The simulation model has been constructed with data from the WfMS database, observations, staff knowledge and their experience. The authors conclude that BPS is not a popular approach for process reengineering and improvement yet. Data collection issues for BPS that require adopting process mining techniques and additional information sources are among the reasons for that. The paper entitled “Web Application for Hierarchical Organizational Structure Optimization – Human Resource Management Case Study” describes new methodology to prevent oscillation during optimization of parameters in organizational hierarchical structure. The objective was optimization of the flow parameter values in the hierarchical organizational model with genetic algorithms and finite automata. The hierarchical structure was modeled according to System Dynamics. The problem of the undesired oscillatory behavior was addressed with deterministic finite automata, while the flow parameter values were optimized with genetic algorithms. The results indicate that the hierarchical organizational model, genetic algorithms and deterministic finite automata have been successfully implemented with JavaScript as a web application that can be used on mobile devices. The aim of this paper entitled “Systems Approach to Standardisation, Classification and Modelling of Managed Events for Tourism” is the development standardisation and classification of managed events provides a legislative basis to distinguish events managed for tourism in their characteristics and quality. In the context of a systems approach, the authors used qualitative modelling and constructed causal loop models of the legislative system of events and investments in the events. Article was continued with structure of SD model in a frame of systems dynamics. In the paper “A Statistical Model for Shutdowns due to Air Quality Control for a Copper Production Decision Support System”, a decision support system for copper production for one of the largest mining companies in Australia was developed. Statistical model for shutdowns due to air quality control and some of the data analysis conducted during the simulation project was described. The statistical model made use of a full year of data on daily downtimes and used a combination of techniques to generate replications of the data. The environmental conditions affected greatly the operations of the production facility. A good statistical model was essential for the successful simulation and the high budget expansion decision that ensued. The last paper of this issue is called “Multi-criteria assessment of vegetable production business alternatives”. The article describes oorganic and integrated production of vegetables in Slovenia. The study analyzed two production systems with different cultures as alternatives with the purpose to find the most appropriate variants. The study is based on the development and integration of developed specific technological-economic simulation models for the production of vegetables (growing salad, peppers, salad cucumbers, pickling cucumbers, round and cherry tomato) in greenhouse and multi-criteria decision analysis. The methodology of the study based on the DEX methodology and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) of organic (ECO) and integrated production (IP) in greenhouse. The evaluation results show that both cultivation methods of commercially attractive vegetables in greenhouse are variable. The guest editors hope that our selected topics display the state-of-the-art of the research efforts over the world coping with complex problem solving in a holistic way which is characteristic for modern Systems Research and Cybernetics! Moreover, we are very thankful to journal Organizacija (Organization - Journal of Management, Information Systems and Human Resources) for having given us the opportunity and honour of hosting this special issue as a scientific project and service to the people on earth. We express our gratitude to the Editors of Organizacija, and hope that our special issue will well-demonstrate Organizacija being a premium journal and of a great scientific and social value
Kako blizu realnosti je "kot-je" simulacijski model poslovnega procesa?
No full textBackground and Purpose: Business process simulation (BPS) model is based on real-life data form sources like databases, observations and interviews. It acts as “as-is” business scenario can used for reengineering. The main challenge is to gather relevant data and to develop simulation model. Research aims to elaborate BPS model and to systematically assess how close to reality it is.
Design/Methodology/Approach:The research has been performed in Polish telecommunications company. Authors investigate technical process of expanding cellular network. After elaborating “as-is” model, authors use ADONIS simulation tool to run a series simulations and confront simulation results with actual historical events. After this, assessment whether computer simulation model can precisely map real-life business process – and consequently act as credible basis for process improvement – is made.
Results: The simulation model has been constructed with data from the WfMS database, observations, staff knowledge and their experience. Fully equipped simulation model is found to allow reconstructing the historical execution of business activity with low margin for error. Some limitation were identified and discussed.
Conclusion: BPS is not a popular approach for process reengineering and improvement yet. Data collection issues for BPS that require adopting process mining techniques and additional information sources are among the reasons for that. In our study, computer simulation outputs are compatible with historical events. Hence the model reflects the business reality and can be taken as a reference model while redesigning the process.Ozadje in namen: Simulaciski model poslovnih procesov (Business Process Simulation - BPS) temelji na virih resničnih podatkov, kot so podatkovne zbirke, opazovanja in intervjuji. Deluje kot dejabski ("kot-je") poslovni scenarij in se lahko uporablja za reinženiring. Glavni izziv pri tem je zbrati ustrezne podatke in razviti simulacijski model. Namen raziskave je razviti BPS je model in sistematično oceniti, kako blizu realnosti je.
Metodologija / pristop: Raziskava je bila izvedena v okviru poljskega telekomunikacijskega podjetja. Avtorji raziskujejo tehnični proces širitve mobilnega omrežja. Po izdelavi "kot-je" modela so avtorji uporabili simulacijsko orodje Adonis da so izvedli serijo simulacij in primerjali rezultate simulacije z dejanskimi zgodovinskimi poteki. Nato so ocenili ali simulacijski model dovolj dobro preslika realnost in - posledično – je uporaben kot verodostojna osnova za izboljšanje procesa.
Rezultati: Simulacijski model je bil izdelan s podatki iz podatkovne zbirke WfMS, opazovanj zaposlenih in avtorjevih znanj in izkušenj. V celoti razvit simulacijski model omogoča rekonstrukcijo zgodovinskega poteka poslovne dejavnosti z nizko stopnjo napake. Ugotovljene in komentirane so nekatere omejitve.
Zaključek: BPS še ni eden od priljubljenih pristopov za proces za prenovo in izboljšanje poslovnih procesov. med Med razlogi za to je dejstvo, da zbiranje podatkov za izvedbo BPS zahteva, da uporabimo tehnike rudarjenja podatkov in dodatne vire informacij. V naši raziskavi so se računalniški simulacijski rezultati pokazali skladni z zgodovinskimi dogodki. Zato model odraža poslovno realnost in se lahko uporabi kot referenčni model pri prenovi procesa
Spletna aplikacija za optimizacijo hierarhične organizacijske strukture – študija primera upravljanja človeških virov
No full textBackground and Purpose: In a complex strictly hierarchical organizational structure, undesired oscillations may occur, which have not yet been adequately addressed. Therefore, parameter values, which define fluctuations and transitions from one state to another, need to be optimized to prevent oscillations and to keep parameter values between lower and upper bounds. The objective was to develop a simulation model of hierarchical organizational structure as a web application to help in solving the aforementioned problem.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The hierarchical structure was modeled according to the principles of System Dynamics. The problem of the undesired oscillatory behavior was addressed with deterministic finite automata, while the flow parameter values were optimized with genetic algorithms. These principles were implemented as a web application with JavaScript/ECMAScript.
Results – Genetic algorithms were tested against well-known instances of problems for which the optimal analytical values were found. Deterministic finite automata was verified and validated via a three-state hierarchical organizational model, successfully preventing the oscillatory behavior of the structure.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the hierarchical organizational model, genetic algorithms and deterministic finite automata have been successfully implemented with JavaScript as a web application that can be used on mobile devices. The objective of the paper was to optimize the flow parameter values in the hierarchical organizational model with genetic algorithms and finite automata. The web application was successfully used on a three-state hierarchical organizational structure, where the optimal flow parameter values were determined and undesired oscillatory behavior was prevented. Therefore, we have provided a decision support system for determination of quality restructuring strategies.Ozadje in namen: V kompleksnih striktnih hierarhičnih organizacijskih strukturah se lahko pojavijo neželene oscilacije stanj, kar do sedaj še ni bilo zadovoljivo naslovljeno. Da preprečimo neželene oscilacije je potrebno optimirati vrednosti parametrov, ki določajo prehode med stanji strukture in fluktuacije iz stanj. Hkrati je potrebno obdržati vrednosti parametrov znotraj določenih meja. Cilj je bil razviti simulacijski model hierarhične organizacijske strukture v obliki spletne aplikacije, ki bi pomagal pri reševanju prej omenjenega problema.
Metodologija: Hierarhična struktura je bila modelirana po principih sistemske dinamike. Problem neželenih oscilacij je bil naslovljen z uporabo determinističnega končnega avtomata, medtem ko smo vrednosti parametrov pretoka optimirali z genetskimi algoritmi. Vsi omenjeni pristopi so bili implementirani kot spletna aplikacija z JavaScript/ECMAScript programskim jezikom.
Rezultati: Genetski algoritmi so bili testirani na znanih problemskih instancah za katere so znane optimalne analitične rešitve. Deterministični končni avtomat je bil verificiran in validiran na hierarhičnem organizacijskem modelu s tremi stanji, kjer smo z njegovo uporabo uspeli preprečiti oscilacije v organizacijski strukturi.
Zaključek: Rezultati nakazujejo, da smo uspešno implementirali hierarhični organizacijski model, genetske algoritme in deterministični končni avtomat z JavaScript programskim jezikom v obliki spletne aplikacije, ki se lahko uporablja na mobilnih napravah. Razvito spletno aplikacijo smo uspešno uporabili na hierarhičnem organizacijski strukturi s tremi stanji, kjer smo določili optimalne parametre pretoka in fluktuacij ter preprečili neželene oscilacije stanj. S tem smo zagotovili sistem za podporo odločanju, ki omogoča določanje kakovostnih strategij za prestrukturiranje organizacij
Vpliv informacij s spletnih družbenih omrežij na zaposlovanje v Češki republiki
No full textBackground: This paper is focused on the usage of social networking sites (SNS) for human resources departments in the process of hiring new employees. It also maps the development and influence of SNS on recruiter’s behavior and customs. The main aim is to find out, whether SNS could/will replace traditional online job boards in the Czech Republic. The motivation for the research is to determine whether SNS can be used for serious and practical business purposes.
Methods: The paper presents authors’ empirical research with two interconnected instruments used for data collection: (1) Questionnaire with 15 questions devoted to usability, evaluation and comparison of SNS with job portals (N=286 HR specialists) and (2) Comparison of 3 online job advertising methods – job portals, SNS and business website.
Results: HR specialists regularly use publicly available information on candidates’ Facebook profiles. Similar results have been observed using both instruments. SNS’s in the Czech Republic are not yet used by recruiters as the main tool for recruitment, however, are often used as a support tool for decision making in the final stage of recruitment. Use of SNS’s by recruiters is universal; we have not found any significant differences in terms of demographics (men, women, old, young HR professionals). The rate of utilization of SNS’s by recruiters in the Czech Republic is gradually increasing, but does not reach the US level.
Conclusion: Our findings confirm the rising importance of social networking sites (SNS) usage as a new recruiting technology. However, as a major player in the field of recruitment, job boards (eg. Jobs.cz) are still important. However, the expectation is that in the near future, this will change and SNS‘s may replace the job boards.Ozadje: Članek obravnava proces zaposlovanja v kadrovskih oddelkih z uporabo spletnih družbenih omrežij. Ravno tako izpostavlja razvoj in vpliv spletnih družbenih omrežij na vedenje in navade kandidatov za zaposlitev. Glavni cilj je bil ugotoviti, ali spletna družbena omrežja lahko nadomestijo tradicionalne spletne portale na Češkem. Vodilo raziskave je bilo ugotoviti, ali spletna družbena omrežja lahko uporabljamo za resne in praktične poslovne namene.
Metode: V članku je predstavljena empirična raziskava, kjer smo uporabili dva med seboj povezana instrumenta za zbiranje podatkov: (1) vprašalnik s 15 vprašanji v zvezi z uporabnostjo, koristnostjo in primerjavo družabnih omrežij s zaposlitvenimi portali (N = 286 kadrovskih strokovnjakov) in (2) primerjava treh spletnih metod oglaševanja: zaposlitvenih portalov, družabnih omrežij in poslovnih spletnih strani.
Rezultati: Kadrovski strokovnjaki redno uporabljajo javno dostopne informacije kandidatov, ki jih najdejo n.pr. na Facebook profilih. Podobne rezultate smo dobili z uporabo obeh instrumentov. Družbena omrežja na Češkem še niso glavno orodje pri izbiri kandidatov za zaposlitev, se pa pogosto uporabljajo kot pomoč pri odločitvah o zaposlitvi kandidatov, predvsem v končni fazi postopka zaposlovanja. Uporaba družbenih omrežij pri kadrovanju je splošna; nismo ugotovili pomembnih razlik v smislu demografije (moški, ženske, starejši, mladi strokovnjaki). Kadroviki v Češki republiki vse več uporabljajo družbena omrežja, vendar uporaba ne dosega ravni Združenih držav Amerike.
Zaključek: Naše ugotovitve potrjujejo, da narašča pomen socialnih omrežij kot ene novih tehnologij pri zaposlovanju. Vendar glavni akterji na področju zaposlovanja, zaposlitveni portali (n.pr. Jobs.cz) še vedno ostajajo pomembni. Pričakovati pa je, da se v bodoče to lahko spremeni, da bodo družbena omrežja nadomestila zaposlitvene portale
Makroekonomske determinante slabih naložb in zunajbilančnih obveznosti hrvaških bank
No full textBackground and Purpose: The non-performing placements and off-balance sheet liabilities are often considered key factors that lead to banking crises. Economic and financial crises increase the level of the non-performing placements and off-balance sheet liabilities which can cause significant losses for banks. Effective management and regulatory/ supervisory institutions such central banks should be able to recognize and quantify these effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically determine the existence and the quantitative impact of main Croatian macroeconomic variables on the non-performing placements and off-balance sheet liabilities of Croatian banks in the long and short-run.
Methodology: For this purpose the bounds testing (ARDL) approach for cointegration is applied. The ARDL model is performed in two steps. The first step starts with conducting the bounds test for cointegration. In the second step, when cointegration is found, the long-run relationship and the associated error correction model are estimated.
Results: The results indicate the existence of stable cointegration relationship between the variables i.e. in the long-run, an increase in real GDP reduces the level of the non-performing placements and off-balance sheet liabilities of Croatian banks wherein an increase in prices, unemployment, interest rate and the depreciation of the Croatian kuna exchange rate increases their level. On the other hand, in the short-run the results are rather mixed.
Conclusion: To avoid crises, effective bank management and regulatory/supervisory institutions should be able to recognize and quantify these effects. This is a necessary precondition for implementation of an adequate prudential and monetary policy measures for reducing the level of the non-performing placements and off-balance sheet liabilities.Ozadje in namen: Slabe naložbe in zunajbilančne obveznosti se pogosto obravnavajo kot ključni dejavniki, ki vodijo do bančnih kriz. Gospodarska in finančna kriza poveča obseg slabih naložb (in zunajbilančnih obveznosti, kar lahko bankam povzroči velike izgube. Učinkovito poslovodstvo bank in regulatorno-nadzorne institucije kot n. pr. centralne banke, bi morali biti sposobni prepoznati in kvantitativno ovrednotiti te učinke. Namen te raziskave je zato empirično ugotoviti obstoj in kvantitativni vpliv glavnih hrvaških makroekonomskih spremenljivk na slabe naložbe in zunajbilančne obveznosti hrvaških bank na dolgi in kratki rok.
Metodologija: Za ta namen testiranja meja smo uporabili pristop ko-integracije (ARDL). Model ARDL poteka v dveh korakih. Prvi korak se začne z izvedbo testa meje ko-integracije. V drugem koraku, ko je že ugotovjena ko-integracija, ocenjujemo dolgoročna razmerja povezana in ocenjujenonapako modela.
Rezultati: Rezultati kažejo na stabilno kointegracijsko razmerje med spremenljivkami na dolgi rok, povečanje realnega BDP pa zmanjšuje raven slabih naložb in zunajbilančnih obveznosti hrvaških bank, pri čemer povišanje cen, brezposelnost, obrestna mera in depreciacija menjalnega tečaja hrvaške kune povečuje raven omenjenih spremenljivk. Po drugi strani pa so rezultati za kratkek rok precej dvoumni.
Zaključek: Da bi se izognili krizam, mora učinkovit poslovodstvo bank ter regulatorno-nadzorne institucije biti sposobni prepoznati in količinsko ovrednotiti te učinke. To je nujen predpogoj za izvajanje ustreznih ukrepov regulatorne in monetarne politike za zmanjšanje ravni slabih naložb in zunajbilančnih obveznosti
Organizacijska prilagodljivost, raziskovanje, izkoriščanje in inovacijska uspešnost organizacije
No full textBackground and Purpose: The construct of organizational ambidexterity (OA) has attracted the growing attention in management research. Previous empirical research has investigated the effect of organisational ambidexterity on performance from various perspectives. This study aims to resolve the contradictory previous research findings on the relationship between organisational ambidexterity and innovation performance. We unpack this construct with combined dimension of ambidexterity, which relates to a combination of high levels of both exploration and exploitation (introduction of products or services that were new to the market and new to the firm).
Methodology: We frame our ambidexterity hypothesis in terms of firm’s innovation orientation. The hypothesis is tested by using Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2006 micro data at the organizational level in twelve countries. To operationalize an ambidexterity and firms innovation outcome, we used self-reported measures of innovativeness.
Results: To test our hypothesis, we developed a set of models and tested them with multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses. The results indicate that exploration and exploitation are positively related to firm’s innovation performances which supports our assumption that both are complementary. Furthermore, we find that above and over their independent effects, through combining them into a single construct of organizational ambidexterity, this variable remains negatively and significantly related to innovation performance.
Conclusion: These results provides the managers with an idea of when managing trade-offs between exploration and exploitation would be more favorable versus detrimental. For firms with lower organizational ambidexterity, the relationship between exploration-exploitation and the firm’s innovation performance is a more positive one.Ozadje in namen: Raziskave na področju managementa konstruktu organizacijske prilagodljivosti (OA) je namenjajo vse več pozornosti. Prejšnje empirične raziskave so proučevale vpliv organizacijske prilagodljivosti na uspešnost organizacije iz različnih perspektiv. Namen te študije je razrešiti nasprotujoče ugotovitve prejšnjih raziskav o odnosu med organizacijsko prilagodljivostjo in inovacijsko uspešnostjo. Analizirali smo ta konstrukt s kombiniranjem dimenzij organizacijske prilagodljivosti, tj. tako dimenzije raziskovanja kot tudi izkoriščanja (uvajanje proizvodov ali storitev, ki so bodisi novi na trgu bodisi novi v podjetju).
Metodologija: Našo hipotezo organizacijske prilagodljivosti smo postavili v okviru inovacijske usmerjenosti podjetja. Hipotezo smo testirali s pomočjo podatkov na organizacijski ravni v dvanajstih državah, ki so bili zbrani v okviru Popisa inovacijske dejavnosti 2006. Da bi operacionalizirali organizacijsko prilagodljivost in inovacijsko uspešnost podjetij, smo tako uporabili samoocene elementov inovacijskega procesa.
Rezultati: Za preverbo hipoteze smo razvili nabor modelov in jih testirali z multiplo hierarhično linearno regresijsko analizo. Rezultati kažejo, da sta obe dimenziji organizacijske prilagodljivosti -raziskovanje in izkoriščanje pozitivno povezana z inovacijskimi sposobnostmi podjetja, kar podpira našo domnevo, da se na ta način dopolnjujeta. Poleg tega smo ugotovili, da ob kombiniranjem obeh dimenzij organizacijske prilagodljivosti ta konstrukt ostaja negativno povezan z inovacijsko uspešnostjo podjetij, poleg neodvisnih učinkov obeh posameznih dimenzij (raziskovanje in izkoriščanje).
Zaključek: Ti rezultati podajajo managerjem podlago za odločanje glede sprejemanja kompromisov med raziskovanjem in izkoriščanjem, saj nakazujejo, v katerih primerih bi bile posledice izključujočih odločitev (z zanemarjanjem bodisi raziskovanja bodisi izkoriščanja) bolj ugodne kot škodljive. Za podjetja z nižjo organizacijsko prilagodljivostjo je razmerje med raziskovanjem/ izkoriščanjem in inovacijsko uspešnostjo v podjetju bolj pozitivno
Heterogeno poudarjanje ekonomskih vsebin v poklicnem izobraževanju: izhodišče za poklicno specifičen razvoj človeških virov
No full textBackground and Purpose: Since the successive introduction of “learning field“ oriented curricula in Germany, teaching at vocational schools as part of the dual system has been based on concrete actions. The underlying curricula describe business-oriented learning fields. The translating of these learning fields into pedagogical learning situations is the responsibility of the vocational curriculum conferences at the individual vocational school level, whereby con-siderable leeway is afforded them in these activities. This means that, despite there being an identical curricular basis, it is possible for individual schools to apply heterogeneous content emphases within the education programmes for commercial vocations. This study examines the correlation between such heterogeneous content with regard to the subject of economics and the person characteristics of the relevant teachers.
Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to determine the individual significance of eco-nomics curricula as part of the education programme for commercial occupations on a learning field basis, an online survey was conducted among commerce teachers. Descriptive statements about the significance of topics of content are generated with the help of the relevance ratings provided by the respondent teachers.
Results: The findings for the correlations indicate a relationship between the relevance of economics content and individual experience of teaching staff with regard to that particular academic discipline, because a high relevance rating correlates with individual tangencies within the teacher’s educational biography
Conclusion: The shifting of lesson content design onto the individual vocational schools has resulted in human resource determinant factors coming into force. Apart from a (fully desira-ble) heterogeneity of content, these factors have also led to a decrease of economics content.Namen: Po postopni uvedbi učnih načrtov v poklicnih in višjih strokovnih šolah v Nemčiji (kot dela dualnega šolskega sistema), se je pričelo izvajati konkretne aktivnosti. Osnovni učni načrt pokriva področje poslovnega sveta v izobraževanju. Prenos omenjenega učnega področja v izobraževanje je naloga kurikularnih konferenc na ravni posameznih šol kar šolam omogoča precejšen manevrski prostor pri oblikovanju učnih vsebin. To pomeni, da lahko posamezne šole - kljub enaki kurikularni podlagi - izberejo različne poudarke vsebin. Z raziskavo predstavljamo povezanost heterogenih poslovnih učnih vsebin in osebnostnih lastnosti kompetentnih učiteljev.
Pristop in metodologija: Za oceno pomembnosti posameznih vsebin učnih načrtov, smo izvedli spletno anketo med učitelji ekonomsko-komercialnega področja. Anketiranci so ocenjevali relevantnost opisnih trditev o pomenu posameznih tem oziroma vsebin.
Rezultati: Ugotovitve kažejo na povezanost med pomembnostjo ekonomskih vsebin in osebnimi izkušnjami učiteljev znotraj akademske discipline, saj sta ocena pomembnosti vsebin in osebne izkušnje ter znanje učiteljev močno povezana.
Zaključek: Spremembe na področju učnih vsebin posameznih poklicnih in višjih strokovnih šol kažejo, da so človeški dejavniki izjemno pomembni pri poučevanju. Poleg (nujne) heterogenosti učnih vsebin nas omenjeni dejavniki peljejo do zmanjševanja obsega ekonomskih vsebin
Metode komercializacije novih izdelkov in storitev na področju IKT industrije: primer znanstveno tehnološkega parka
No full textPurpose: Commercialization is a step toward new products/services development. Due to high rate of product/service failure in ICT industry, the purpose of this paper is to study and evaluate commercialization methods implemented by companies that operate within ICT industry at the Science and Technology Park of University of Tehran.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology of this study is of field research type. After examining commercialization methods presented in the literature and confirming methods found by the discipline elite, structured interviews were conducted addressed managers and experts of ICT companies.
Results: Three methods of “joint research contracts”, “exhibitions” and “spin-offs” are among the most common commercialization methods used by companies.
Conclusion: Due to uncertainties that exist in ICT industry, companies should consider different strategies in order to develop successful products and services. Finally, specific policies are determined to implement each commercialization method in knowledge-based companies.Namen: Komercializacija je korak v razvoju novih izdelkov in storitev. Ker je delež stopnje neuspešnih komercializacije izdelkov in storitev v IKT industrij na splošno zelo visok, smo se namenili preučiti in oceniti metode komercializacije, ki jih uporabljajo podjetja s področja IKT industrije v Tehnološkem parku Univerze za znanost in tehnologijo v Teheranu.
Načrtovanje/ metodologija / pristop: Osnovni metodološki pristop naše študije je terenska raziskava. Potem ko smo proučili metode komercializacije predstavljene v literaturi in izbrali tiste, ki so bile ocenjene kot najboljše, smo opravili še strukturirane intervjuje z managerji in strokovnjaki v IKT podjetjih.
Rezultati: Tri metode: “skupne pogodbe za raziskovanje”, “razstave” in “spin-off” so med najpogostejšimi metodami komercializacije, ki jih uporabljajo podjetja.
Zaključek: Zaradi negotovosti, ki so vedno prisotne v IKT industriji, morajo podjetja uporabljati različne strategije, da bi razvili uspešne izdelke in storitve. Podjetja, katerih dejavnost temelji na znanju, morajo poiskati svoje specifične pristopi in politike za komercializacijo svojih izdelkov in storitev
Sprejetje družbenega CRM-ja in njegov vpliv na uspešnost poslovanja: pregled literature
No full textBackground and Purpose: Social customer relationship management (social CRM) is an emerging concept that integrates traditional CRM and social media in order to provide benefits for organizations and customers. Despite the benefits that social CRM can bring, many organizations are still at the early stage of adoption. To move beyond social marketing and to exploit opportunities offered by sales and customer service, organizations need to be aware of factors that drive social CRM adoption and different implications of social CRM adoption for performance outcomes. This paper aims to provide a review of scholarly literature on social CRM adoption with the focus on factors and performance outcomes.
Design/Methodology/Approach: To provide a comprehensive view of social CRM adoption and its impact on performance outcomes, the publications of interest include scholarly journal papers from information systems and marketing disciplines and conference proceedings. Selected publications were reviewed, and findings classified into three categories: the extent of social CRM adoption, the factors influencing CRM adoption, and the impact of social CRM on performance outcomes.
Results: It appears that several issues regarding social CRM adoption and its implications for performance outcomes as well as the actual use of social media in the context of CRM need additional empirical support.
Conclusion: Our observations have confirmed that many researchers proposed social CRM models based on existing theories and concepts of traditional CRM. Nevertheless, some specifics of social media implications on CRM have been overlooked. The researchers therefore suggest further adjustment/extension of their models.Ozadje in namen: Družbeno upravljanje odnosov s strankami (družbeni CRM) je dokaj nov pristop, ki temelji na uporabi družbenih medijev pri upravljanju odnosov s strankami. Kljub prednostim, ki jih družbeni CRM prinaša, se mnoge organizacije šele spoznavajo s tem pristopom. Da organizacije ne bi uporabljale družbenih medijev samo za namen tržnega komuniciranja, temveč tudi za namen prodaje in poprodajnih aktivnostih, se morajo le-te zavedati dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na sprejetje družbenega CRM-ja in posledice sprejetja družbenega CRM-ja. Namen tega prispevka je podati pregled ugotovitev raziskav na področju sprejetja družbenega CRM-ja s poudarkom na dejavnikih in posledicah sprejetja.
Metodologija: Da bi zagotoviti čim bolj celovit pogled nad sprejetjem družbenega CRM-ja, smo k pregledu literature pristopili sistematično. Iskali smo po prosto dostopnih podatkovnih bazah in zbornikih najbolj znanih konferenc s področij informacijskih sistemov in marketinga. Ugotovitve relevantnih prispevkov smo razvrstili v tri skupine: obseg sprejetja družbenega CRM-ja; dejavniki, ki vplivajo na sprejetje družbenega CRM-ja; posledice sprejetja družbenega CRM-ja.
Rezultati: Kljub porastu literature zaradi aktualnosti področja, večina prispevkov družbeni CRM obravnava teoretično in podaja konceptualne modele. Zato ugotavljamo, da je potrebno modele empirično preveriti.
Zaključek: Naše ugotovitve so potrdile, da mnogi raziskovalci pri raziskovanju področja sprejetja družbenega CRM-ja in njegovega vpliva na uspešnost poslovanja temeljijo na obstoječih teorijah in konceptih tradicionalnega CRM-ja. Kljub temu raziskovalci ugotavljajo pomanjkljivosti njihovih modelov in predlagajo nadaljnje prilagoditve oziroma razširitve teh modelov
Usposabljanje na delu in upravljanje s človeškimi viri: kako izboljšati konkurenčno prednost organizacije
No full textBackground: In this paper, the effects of four groups of factors on organizational performance are examined. Those are human resource management (HRM) policies and practices, financial and business indicators, location, and firm characteristics. A review of selected literature confirmed that a similar set of factors, through its positive effects on boosting organizational performance, may significantly improve competitive advantage of firms.
Methods: An empirical analysis using firm-level data is conducted on the sample of enterprises operating in Serbia. A microeconometric approach is employed in order to specify and estimate empirical models. Two statistical models are applied. The ordered probit model is used for investigating organizational performance and the standard binary probit model for examining the decision of a firm to integrate the human resource development (HRD) department into its organizational structure. The goodness of fit measures confirmed the statistical reliability of estimated models.
Results: Estimation results revealed that optimization of the number of employees, sales and revenues, firm age, increased market demand and competitive environment, as well as the ‘right decisions’ of the top management have significantly positive effects on boosting organizational performance. Significance of on-the-job training for boosting organizational performance was not empirically supported. In the same group of factors are firm size, industry and region. An auxiliary model shown that large- and medium-sized firms, firms with high level of revenues, privately owned, foreign and those located in or near to the capital city are more likely to have HRD departments.
Conclusions: This paper provides a survey of the theoretical literature and explains empirical findings that are relevant for understanding to what extent on-the-job training, managing human resource, as well as some other internal and external organizational and financial factors are important for enhancing competitive advantage of firms.Ozadje: V članku preučujemo učinke štirih skupin dejavnikov organizacijske uspešnosti: upravljanja človeških virov, finančnih in poslovnih kazalnikov, lokacije ter značilnosti podjetij. S pomočjo izbrane literature smo potrdili, da podoben nabor dejavnikov s svojimi pozitivnimi učinki na organizacijsko uspešnost, lahko pomembno izboljša konkurenčnost podjetij.
Metode: Empirična analiza je bila izvedena s pomočjo podatkov podjetij, ki poslujejo v Srbiji. Uporabili smo dva statistična modela. Urejeni model probit smo uporabili za ugotavljanje organizacijske uspešnosti, standardni binarni probit model pa kot odločitveni model o pomenu integracije HRM oddelka v organizacijsko strukturo. S statističnimi metodami smo ocenili ujemanje obeh modelov.
Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da imajo optimizacija števila zaposlenih, prodaje in prihodkov, starost podjetja, večje povpraševanje na trgu in konkurenčno okolje, kot tudi „prave odločitve“ vrhovnega vodstva signifikantno pozitivne učinke na povečanje organizacijske uspešnosti. Vpliva usposabljanja na delovnem mestu na povečanje organizacijske uspešnosti, z raziskavo nismo potrdili. V isti skupini dejavnikov so velikost podjetja, industrija in lokacija podjetja. Pomožni model kaže, da je večja verjetnost, da imajo v organizacijski strukturi HRM oddelke velika in srednje velika podjetja, podjetja z visoko stopnjo prihodkov, podjetja v zasebni lasti, tuja podjetja in tista, ki se nahajajo v prestolnici ali v bližini prestolnice.
Zaključki: Članek predstavi empirične ugotovitve, ki so pomembne za razumevanje v kolikšni meri usposabljanje, upravljanje človeških virov, kakor tudi nekateri drugi notranji in zunanji organizacijski in finančni dejavniki vplivajo na krepitev konkurenčne prednosti podjetij