Organization - Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources / Organizacija - Revija za management, informatiko in kadre (University of Maribor)
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So zadružne banke v primerjavi s poslovnimi bankami bolje opremljene za premoščanje finančne krize? Primer italijanskega bančnega sektorja pred in med krizo
No full textBackground and Purpose: The aim of this paper is to empirically investigate the performance of different types of Italian banks before and during the recent credit crisis with an emphasis on the behaviour of cooperative banks. It is well established in theory that cooperative banks follow more conservative business strategies and care more for stakeholders in comparison to commercial banks. On this background, the paper tries to show the empirical effects of those characteristics on the cooperative bank’s performance during financial distress compared to commercial banks. In fact, the paper can prove that Italian cooperative banks were less exposed to the shocks of the crisis and showed a better performance.
Methodology: In order to assess whether cooperative banks performed differently at all from commercial banks during the 2005–2012 period, return on average assets (ROAA), cost efficiency and loan quality have been investigated by means of a sample of 594 Italian banks, pooled OLS and (when possible) a fixed effects estimator.
Results: Overall, Italian cooperative banks performed better than other Italian banks during the financial crisis. The quality of loans deteriorated less in these banks than in others, while no significant differences have been observed in terms of ROAA and cost efficiency between these and other banks.
Conclusion: My paper provides empirical evidence for a well established theoretically derived hypothesis: Italian cooperative banks operate differently than standard commercial banks which is especially noticeable during times of crisis. The fact empirically demonstrated that different banking models have shown different reactions to the financial crisis and economic downturn has important policy implications. Due to both characteristics of cooperative banks and severe limitations in the financial policies by the Italian government during the credit crisis an ironical pattern has emerged: While Italian cooperative banks were less exposed to the shocks of the crisis, they would have been less able to adjust to them since the financial rescue program was designed primarily for commercial banks.Ozadje in namen: Cilj prispevka je empirično preučiti vedenje različnih tipologij bank pred in finančno krizo v obdobju krize s poudarkom na zadružnih bankah. Teoretska podlaga poudarja konservativne poslovne strategije, ki so značilne za zadružne banke, obenem pa te banke posvečajo večjo pozornost interesnim skupinam kot pa poslovne banke. Na tej osnovi si prispevek prizadeva, da bi osvetlil empirične učinke omenjenih značilnosti na vedenje zadružnih bank med finančno krizo.
Metodologija: Za preverjanje, ali so zadružne banke poslovale različno kot poslovne banke v obdobju 2005-2015, se prispevek osredotoča na donosnost, stroškovno učinkovitost in uspeh pri posojilih v vzorcu 594 italijanskih bank prek OLS metode in (kjer se da) z metodo fiksnih učinkov.
Rezultati: Nasplošno so se med poslovanjem italijanske zadružne banke bolje odrezale kot ostale banke. Kakovost pri izdajanju posojil je bila višja, medtem ko iz rezultatov ni bilo opaziti večjih razlik pri pokazateljih za donosnost in stroškovno učinkovitost.
Zaključek: Prispevek empirično dokazuje s teoretskega vidika že uveljavljeno hipotezo: in sicer, italijanske zadružne banke poslujejo različno od standardnih poslovnih bank, kar je opazno predvsem v obdobjih krize. To empirično podpira ugotovitev, da so se različne tipologije bank različno odzvale na finančno in gospodarsko krizo, kar ima pomembne posledice za tvorce finančne politike. Zaradi specifičnosti zadružnih bank in regulative italijanske vlade med krizo, se je pojavila ironična situacija: čeprav je kriza v manjši meri učinkovala na italijanske zadružne banke, so se slednje slabše prilagodile nanjo kajti reševalni program je bil namenjen predvsem poslovnim bankam
Model primarnih človeških kritičnih dejavnikov uspeha za implementacijo ERP sistema
No full textBackground and Purpose: Many researchers have investigated various Critical success factors (CSFs) and the different causes of ERP implementation project failures. Despite a detailed literature preview, we were unable to find an appropriate research with a comprehensive overview of the true causes behind CSFs, observed from a human factors perspective. The objective of this research was therefore to develop and evaluate the Primary human factors (PHFs) model and to confirm the significant impact of PHFs on traditional CSFs and on the project success.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The comprehensive PHFs research model was developed and examined in empirical quantitative research with the use of available literature and the application of the Root cause analysis. A survey was conducted in various Slovenian organisations in different branches that had previously implemented the ERP system SAP. The model was verified on a sample of 21 experts from 18 organisations.
Results: The results show that the PHFs have a significant positive impact on the ERP implementation project success, but only the Competence and Team composition factors are significant linear predictors in an adapted regression model and contribute significantly in predicting project success. These results therefore confirm both proposed hypotheses and the adapted regression model.
Conclusion: This study improves the understanding of PHFs and confirms that they have a significant impact on traditional CSFs and the ERP implementation project success. The proposed PHFs model offers project managers and other stakeholders an effective risk assessment of CSFs and is leading the way to human oriented model of ERP implementations.Ozadje in namen: Mnogo raziskovalcev je preiskovalo najrazličnejše Kritične dejavnike uspeha (KDU) in različne vzroke za neuspeh projektov ERP implementacij. Kljub podrobnemu pregledu razpoložljive literature nismo našli ustrezne raziskave s celovitim pregledom dejanskih vzrokov, ki se skrivajo za KDU, z vidika človeških dejavnikov. Cilj raziskave je bil razviti in ovrednotiti model Primarnih človeških dejavnikov (PČD) in potrditi njihov pomemben vpliv na tradicionalne KDU ter uspešnost projekta implementacije.
Zasnova/Metodologija/Pristop: S pomočjo zbrane literature in uporabe vzročno-posledične analize je bil razvit celovit raziskovalni model PČD, ki smo ga preverili z empirično raziskavo. Izvedena je bila anketa s sodelujočimi iz različnih slovenskih podjetjih, ki delujejo v različnih branžah in ki so v preteklosti implementirala ERP sistem SAP. Model je bil preverjen na vzorcu 21 strokovnjakov iz 18 organizacij.
Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da imajo PČD pomemben pozitiven vpliv na uspešnost projektov ERP implementacij, vendar sta samo dva dejavnika, Kompetence in Sestava projektnega tima, značilna linearna napovedovalca v prilagojenem regresijskem modelu in značilno prispevata k napovedovanju uspešnosti projekta. Rezultati tako potrdijo obe predlagani hipotezi in prilagojen regresijski model.
Zaključek: Raziskava izboljšuje razumevanje PČD ter potrjuje njihov pomemben vpliv na tradicionalne KDU in uspešnost projektov ERP implementacij. Predlagan model PČD omogoča projektnim vodjem in ostalim sodelujočim na projektu učinkovito oceniti tveganja posameznih KDU in nakazuje pot k človeku usmerjenemu modelu ERP implementacij
Strateški management v razvoju podjetništva mladih in žensk – Primer Srbije
No full textBackground and Purpose: Volume and sophistication of scientific research related to different aspects of entrepreneurship have significantly increased in recent years. Many authors point out the positive influence that development of micro, small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurship has on economic growth and job creation. According to various researchers, youth entrepreneurship and women entrepreneurship are two very important elements of this global phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to provide the analysis of strategic framework for the support to the development of youth and women entrepreneurship in Serbia.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Situational analysis of youth and women employment and examination of official Government strategic documents related to strategic framework for the support to the development of youth and women entrepreneurship in Serbia will be conducted.
Results: Concrete activities have to be performed by different stakeholders, mostly non-government organizations. The activity stakeholders are on the bottom of the institutional framework, which provides the support to MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) sector that will execute the operations in accordance with the defined strategic framework.
Conclusion: Youth-run enterprises provide numerous benefits for society; they reduce youth unemployment and help young people prepare for their future. Female entrepreneurs also have strong economic and social impact.Ozadje in namen: Obseg in zapletenost znanstvenih raziskav v zvezi z različnimi vidiki podjetništva sta se v zadnjih letih močno povečala. Številni avtorji izpostavljajo pozitiven vpliv, ki ga ima za razvoj mikro, malih in srednjih podjetij in podjetništva na gospodarsko rast in ustvarjanje delovnih mest. Po mnenju različnih raziskovalcev, sta podjetništvo mladih in žensko podjetništvo dva zelo pomembna elementa tega globalnega pojava. Namen tega članka je ponuditi analizo strateškega okvira za podporo pri razvoju podjetništva mladih in žensk v Srbiji.
Oblikovanje / Metodologija / Pristop: Izvedena bo situacijska analiza zaposlovanja mladih in žensk ter pregled uradnih vladnih strateških dokumentov, povezanih s strateškim okvirom za podporo razvoju podjetništva mladih in ženskega v Srbiji.
Rezultati: Konkretne aktivnosti morajo biti izvedene s strani različnih deležnikov, predvsem nevladnih organizacij. Interesne skupine so na dnu institucionalnega okvira, ki zagotavlja podporo MMSP (mikro, mala in srednja podjetja) sektorju, ki bo izvajal postopke v skladu z opredeljenim strateškim okvirom.
Zaključek: Podjetja, katera vodijo mladi, zagotavljajo številne koristi za družbo; zmanjšujejo brezposelnosti mladih in pomagajo mladim pri pripravi na njihovo prihodnost. Tudi ženske podjetnice imajo močne gospodarske in socialne učinke
Zaposleni kot neznani akter? Analiza lastništva zaposlenih s posebnim poudarkom na srednji in vzhodni Evropi
No full textBackground and purpose: Although employee share ownership (ESO) deserves of a long tradition, we still know little about employees’ perspectives about ESO. The lack of knowledge about the employees’ attitudes towards ESO is discursively filled in the ESO debate. This paper challenges that deficit by carrying out a semantic analysis of the literature with the aim to identify the various actor constructions used implicitly in the ESO discourse.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We conduct a semantic analysis of the ESO discourse. To unfold the order of this discourse we draw on the distinction between surface and underlying structure of communication in the sense of Michel Foucault. We interpret some semantic lead differences, a term coined by Niklas Luhmann, to constitute the underlying structure of communication.
Results: We can identify six different streams on the ESO discourse’s surface level each defined by the ends pursued. The discourse’s underlying structure is made up of the distinctions production-consumption, capital-labour, and ownership-control that also determine the actor models implicitly in use.
Conclusion: We can identify five different actor models implicit in the ESO discourse. While the CEE discourse differs on the surface level in as far as it is more concerned with questions of political legitimation of the privatisation process than with questions of economic efficiency, thus introducing political distinctions in the discourse rather missing in the west, it shares the underlying semantic lead differences with the Western discourse as well as the actor models anchored in those differences.Ozadje in namen. Čeprav ima lastništvo zaposlenih dolgoletno tradicijo, še vedno ne vemo veliko o pogledih samih zaposlenih na to obliko lastništva. Pomanjkanje znanja o odnosu zaposlenih do lastništva zaposlenih spodbuja nadaljnjo razpravo. S tem člankom želimo prispevati k temu, da zapolnimo omenjeni primanjkljaj tako, da smo izvedli semantično analizo literature z namenom, da prepoznamo različne strukture akterjev, ki se posredno pojavljajo v tem diskurzu.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop. Izvedli smo semantično analizo diskurza o lastništvu zaposlenih. Z namenom sistematične analize smo potegnili ločnico med površinsko in poglobljeno strukturo komunikacije v smislu Michela Foucaulta. Interpretiramo nekatere vodilne semantične razlike - izraz, ki ga skoval Niklas Luhmann - da bi predstavili osnovno strukturo komunikacije.
Rezultati. Lahko identificiramo šest različnih tokov na površju diskurza o lastništvu zaposlenih; vsak od njih je opredeljen z nameni, ki jim sledi. Temeljno strukturo diskurza tvori razlikovanje med proizvodnjo-potrošnjo, kapitalom-delom in lastništvom-nadzorom, kar tudi določa katere modele akterji implicitno uporabljajo.
Zaključek. Implicitno lahko v diskurzu identificiramo pet različnih modelov akterjev. Diskurz v državah srednje in vhodne Evrope se razlikuje na površinski ravni, saj je bolj usmerjen v vprašanja politične legitimacije procesa privatizacije kot v vprašanja ekonomske učinkovitosti, s čimer uvaja politično razlikovanje v diskurz, kar se običajno ne kaže na zahodu. Skupna pa je semantična interpretacija razlik kot tudi modeli akterjev, ki izhajajo iz v teh razlik
Analiza strukturne kompleksnosti povpraševanja po povzročenih potovanjih pri odločanju: pristop sistemske dinamike
No full textBackground and purpose: Induced travel demand (ITD) is a phenomenon where road construction increases vehicles’ kilometers traveled. It has been approached with econometric models that use elasticities as measure to estimate how much travel demand can be induced by new roads. However, there is a lack of “white-box” models with causal hypotheses that explain the structural complexity underlying this phenomenon. We propose a system dynamics model based on a feedback mechanism to explain structurally ITD.
Methodology: A system dynamics methodology was selected to model and simulate ITD. First, a causal loop diagram is proposed to describe the ITD structure in terms of feedback loops. Then a stock-flows diagram is formulated to allow computer simulation. Finally, simulations are run to show the quantitative temporal evolution of the model built.
Results: The simulation results show how new roads in the short term induce more kilometers traveled by vehicles already in use; meanwhile, in the medium-term, new traffic is generated. These new car drivers appear when better flow conditions coming from new roads increase attractiveness of car use. More cars added to vehicles already in use produce new traffic congestion, and high travel speeds provided by roads built are absorbed by ITD effects.
Conclusion: We concluded that approaching ITD with a systemic perspective allows for identifying leverage points that contribute to design comprehensive policies aimed to cope with ITD. In this sense, the model supports decision-making processes in urban contexts wherein it is still necessary for road construction to guarantee connectivity, such as the case of developing countries.Ozadje in namen: Povpraševanje po povzročenih potovanjih (ang: induced travel demand, ITD) je pojav, kjer se izgradnjo cest povečuje prevoženih kilometrov na vozilo. ITD navadno analizirajo z ekonometričnimi modeli, ki uporabljajo elastičnost za oceno koliko povpraševanja po povzročenih potovanjih lahko povzroči gradnja novih cest. V literaturi ne najdemo modelov »bele škratlje« z vzročno hipotezo, ki bi pojasnjevali strukturno kompleksnost tega pojava. V članku predlagamo model sistemske dinamike, ki temelji na mehanizmu povratne informacije, da pojasni strukturo ITD.
Metodologija: Za modeliranje in simulacijo ITD smo uporabili metodologijo sistemske dinamike. Najprej smo izdelali diagram strukture ITD v smislu povratnih zank. Nato smo oblikovali diagram zalog in tokov, da smo lahko uporabili računalniško simulacijo. Na koncu smo izvedli simulacijo kvantitativno časovnega razvoja modela.
Rezultati: Rezultati simulacije kažejo, kako nove ceste v kratkem času povzročajo več prevoženih kilometrov pri vozilih, ki so že v uporabi; v srednjeročnem obdobju pa povzročijo nastanek novega prometa. Pojavljajo se novi vozniki avtomobilov se pojavijo, ker boljši pogoji pretoka zaradi novih cest povečajo privlačnost uporabe avtomobila. Več novih avtomobilov skupaj z vozili, ki so že v uporabi, povzročijo prometne zastoje. Povečana hitrost potovanja, ki jo omogočajo zgrajene ceste, je omejena zaradi ITD učinkov.
Zaključek: Pristop k analizi ITD s sistemskega vidika sistemskega omogoča ugotavljate finančno ravnovesje in prispeva k oblikovanju celovite politike obvladovanja ITD. V tem smislu je model podpira procese odločanja v urbanih okoljih, kjer se odloča o gradnji cest z namenom, da se zagotovi povezljivost znotraj države, na primer v državah v razvoju
Ozaveščenost in odnos do zelenih informacijskih sistemov v slovenskih podjetjih
No full textBackground: This study draws upon the use of Information Systems in support of achieving sustainability, known as Green IS. Furthermore, this study builds on the premise that Green IS offers the opportunity for organizations to act proactively in terms of environmental preservation as well as to mitigate the effects of global climate change and other environmental problems. Aim: In particular, this study aims to assess the extent of awareness among managers regarding the use and the acceptance of Green IS in Slovenian enterprises. Method: Using empirical data based on a large-scale survey among senior managers within Slovenian enterprises this study utilized several statistical methods (such as t-test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression) to analyse the research questions. Results: In general, findings seem to suggest that institutional mechanisms might be a plausible explanation for differences regarding the attitude towards Green IS adoption. For instance, enterprises with at least one implemented sustainability related certificate expressed higher levels of willingness to use Green IS in order to facilitate the achievement of sustainable development. Moreover, the results of the regression analysis revealed that both Institutional Mimetic pressure and Internal Environment Impact has positive impact on Green IS adoption. Conclusion: The main conclusion is that the internal environmental impact is considered the most influential factor of the attitude towards Green IS adoption. The culture or individual perception of managers and employees play an important role in the Green IS adoption. Indeed, enterprises that have no intention of improving their environmental performance, but adopt Green IS by the means of seeking legitimacy among external stakeholders, cannot provide a sustainable improvement in environmental management.Izhodišča: Raziskava se osredotoča na uporabo informacijskih sistemov za podporo doseganja trajnostnih načel, poznanih kot »zeleni IS«. Zeleni IS predstavljajo priložnost, da podjetja delujejo proaktivno v smislu ohranjanja okolja ter nudijo pomoč pri obvladovanju globalnih klimatskih sprememb ter reševanju ostalih okoljskih problemov.
Namen: Z raziskavo želimo oceniti stopnjo ozaveščenosti o uporabi in sprejetju zelenih IS med managerji v slovenskih podjetjih.
Metode: Empirične podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo obsežne raziskave med vodilnimi managerji slovenskih podjetij. Za analizo raziskovalnih vprašanj je bilo uporabljenih več statističnih metod (kot na primer t-test, analiza variance in multipla linearna regresija).
Rezultati: Ugotovitve kažejo, da na razlike v odnosu do uporabe zelenih IS v podjetjih vplivajo institucionalni mehanizmi. Tako na primer podjetja, ki se ponašajo z najmanj enim trajnostno naravnanim certifikatom, kažejo večjo pripravljenost,
da bi svojo trajnostno naravnanost nadgradili z uporabo zelenih IS. Rezultati regresijske analize kažejo, da imajo institucionalni mimetični dejavniki in notranji okoljski dejavniki pozitiven vpliv na pripravljenost za uporabo zelenih IS v podjetju.
Zaključki: Glavna ugotovitev raziskave je, da imajo notranji okoljski dejavniki največji vpliv na pripravljenost za uporabo in uvedbo zelenih IS. Prav tako ima pomemben vpliv pri pripravljenosti za uporabo zelenih IS kultura in odnos managerjev
in zaposlenih. Dejansko podjetja, ki nimajo dejanskega namena izboljšati svojega okoljskega vpliva, ter zelene IS uvedejo v svoje poslovanje samo za pridobitev priznanja s strani zunanjih deležnikov, ne morejo zagotoviti trajnostno
naravnanih izboljšav na področju ravnanja z okoljem
Vpliv varnostnih elementov na delo s spletnimi in mobilnimi bankami
No full textBackground/Purpose: Maintaining a balance between security and a positive user experience in mobile and Internet banking is becoming increasingly difficult for the providers of banking services. The goal of our research is to analyse user opinions about the current situation: how users perceive security and how the authentication methods they are using affect user experience.
Methodology: Data were collected using an online survey among the users of 15 banks operating in Slovenia, and statistical methods were applied to analyse them. Results of the users’ study were evaluated and commented by a limited number of interviewed banking security experts.
Results: The results indicate that the use of mobile banking in Slovenia is relatively low, as only 30 percent of respondents use mobile banking along with Internet banking. Slovenian users perceive security to be the most important factor in mobile and online banking, closely followed by reliability. We also verified whether the users knew which authentication methods they were using: 69% of respondents selected the correct authentication method. The opinion of 88% of respondents was that authentication methods do not limit them when using mobile and Internet banking. Results of the study of user’s opinions did not surprise the experts, although experts’ views about the balance between security and usability diverged considerably.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that, in Slovenia, users of the Internet and mobile banking services regard security to be the most important element in mobile or Internet banking and find user experience less important while they absolutely do want products that are easy to use.Ozadje in namen. Zagotavljanje ravnotežja med varnostjo v aplikacijah spletnega in mobilnega bančništva ter čim boljšo uporabniško izkušnjo postaja vse težja naloga za ponudnike spletnih in mobilnih bank. Cilj naše raziskave je ugotoviti kakšno mnenje imajo uporabniki o trenutnem stanju, predvsem kako trenutni varnostni elementi, ki jih uporabljajo, vplivajo na njihovo uporabniško izkušnjo.
Metodologija. Podatke smo zbrali s spletno anketo med uporabniki 13 bank v Sloveniji in jih analizirali s statističnimi metodami. Rezultate študije med uporabnikov je analiziralo manjše število strokovnjakov na področju varnosti elektronskega bančništva.
Rezultati. Rezultati kažejo, da je mobilno bančništvo v Sloveniji še vedno relativno malo uporabljena oblika bančništva, saj ga uporablja le blizu 30% uporabnikov spletnega bančništva. Varnost je uporabnikom najpomembnejši element v spletnem ali mobilnem bančništvu, blizu pa ji sledi zanesljivost. Preverili smo tudi, koliko uporabniki vedo katere varnostne elemente uporabljajo banke s katerimi poslujejo. Skoraj 69%vprašanih je izbralo pravilen varnostni element. Kar 88% vprašanih pa je mnenja, da jih ti varnostni elementi pri delu ne ovirajo. Poleg raziskave z uporabniki smo v intervjujih za mnenje povprašali tudi strokovnjake s tega področja. Tudi strokovnjaki so v povprečju varnost postavili na prvo mesto, ob boku z uporabnostjo, vendar so mnenja posameznikov zelo raznolika. Rezultati raziskave mnenj uporabnikov strokovnjake niso presenetili.
Zaključek. Kaže, da je v Sloveniji uporabnikom najpomembnejša varnost, uporabniška izkušnja pa je manj pomembna, čeprav si nedvomno želijo imeti čim lažje uporabne produkte
Ključni faktorji uspešnega delovanja grozdov: primer Slovenije
No full textBackground and Purpose: Companies are increasingly specializing and developing those key areas with which they can compete on the global market and are linking in clusters that are ingredient of territorial competitiveness. Clusters can play a competitive role in global value chains but once being successful, they may decline. For this reason, researching key factors for the successful operation of clusters in Slovenia is beneficial.
Methodology: This study is based on an extensive review of scientific literature. Theoretical findings are tested by a study of clustering in Slovenia. In practice, we determine the number of operating clusters fifteen years after they were initiated by the institutional environment with help of web pages, e-mails and telephone calls. Using interviews, we determine reasons for the cessation of operations on the part of former directors and factors of successful operations with directors of successful clusters.
Results: The institutional environment initiated start-up processes of creating clusters in Slovenia. After the termination of institutional financial support, Slovenian clusters, which have failed to develop their own financing system, ceased operation. Directors of still operating clusters confirmed that trust between cluster members is the most important success factor in the operation of clusters.
Conclusion: The institutional environment in Slovenia adopted cluster policy and successfully leveraged the establishment of clusters using start-up financing. Less than half of these clusters continue to prosper under their own stream after policy retreatment. Clusters were not prepared for a dramatically different way of working. Trust has become a major driving force of adjusting to new conditions.Uvod in namen: Podjetja se vse bolj specializirajo in razvijajo tista ključna področja, s katerimi lahko tekmujejo na globalnem trgu ter se povezujejo v grozde, ki so del regijske konkurenčnosti. Grozdi lahko kljub temu, da imajo konkurenčno vlogo v globalnih vrednostnih verigah in so uspešni, neprostovoljno prenehajo delovati. Ravno zato je preučevanje ključnih faktorjev za uspešno delovanje grozdov v Sloveniji pomembno.
Metode: Raziskava temelji na obsežni raziskavi znanstvene literature. Teoretične ugotovitve so primerjane z ugotovitvami raziskave poteka grozdenja v Sloveniji. S pomočjo spletnih strani, elektronske pošte in telefonskih klicev smo določili število še delujočih grozdov petnajst let po njihovi vzpostavitvi, inicirani s strani institucionalnega okolja. Z intervjuji smo določili razloge za prenehanje delovanja pri bivših direktorjih nedelujočih grozdov in faktorje uspešnega delovanja grozdov pri direktorjih delujočih grozdov.
Rezultati: Institucionalno okolje je iniciralo zagonske procese oblikovanja grozdov v Sloveniji. Po prenehanju institucionalne finančne podpore so tisti slovenski grozdi, ki niso uspeli razviti svojega sistema financiranja, prenehali z delovanjem. Direktorjih delujočih grozdov so potrdili, da je zaupanje med člani grozda najbolj pomemben faktor uspešnega delovanja grozdov.
Zaključek: Slovensko Institucionalno okolje je sprejelo politiko grozdenja in uspešno vzpodbudilo nastanek grozdov z zagonskim financiranjem. Manj kot polovica grozdov je nadaljevala svoje delovanje tudi po spremembi politike. Grozdi večinoma niso bili pripravljeni na dramatično spremembo v načinu financiranja. Zaupanje je postalo glavni gonilnik prilagajanja novim razmeram
Hibridizacija stohastičnega lokalnega iskanja in genetskih algoritmov za planiranje človeških virov
No full textBackground and Purpose: The restructuring of human resources in an organization is addressed in this paper, because human resource planning is a crucial process in every organization. Here, a strict hierarchical structure of the organization is of concern here, for which a change in a particular class of the structure influences classes that follow it. Furthermore, a quick adaptation of the structure to the desired state is required, where oscillations in transitions between classes are not desired, because they slow down the process of adaptation. Therefore, optimization of such a structure is highly complex, and heuristic methods are needed to approach such problems to address them properly.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The hierarchical human resources structure is modeled according to the principles of System Dynamics. Optimization of the structure is performed with an algorithm that combines stochastic local search and genetic algorithms.
Results: The developed algorithm was tested on three scenarios; each scenario exhibits a different dynamic in achieving the desired state of the human resource structure. The results show that the developed algorithm has successfully optimized the model parameters to achieve the desired structure of human resources quickly.
Conclusion: We have presented the mathematical model and optimization algorithm to tackle the restructuring of human resources for strict hierarchical organizations. With the developed algorithm, we have successfully achieved the desired organizational structure in all three cases, without the undesired oscillations in the transitions between classes and in the shortest possible time.Ozadje in cilj. V prispevku je obravnavana reorganizacija na področju človeških virov kot najpomembnejšega dejavnika v vsaki organizaciji. Obravnavali smo striktno hierarhično strukturo organizacije, kjer spremembe v posameznem nižjem razredu vplivajo na višje razrede. Pri reorganizaciji želimo, da se struktura čim prej prilagodi novim, želenim vrednostim. Pri tem so nihanja v številu prehodov nezaželena, saj neugodno vplivajo na proces reorganizacije. Optimizacija tovrstne strukture je kompleksna in zahteva ustrezen pristop s hevrističnimi metodami.
Metodologija in pristop. Hierarhična struktura človeških virov v organizaciji je modelirana s pomočjo principov sistemske dinamike. Optimizacija dinamike obravnavane strukture je izvedena z algoritmom, ki kombinira stohastično lokalno iskanje in genetske algoritme.
Rezultati. Razviti algoritem je bil testiran na treh različnih scenarijih; vsak od scenarijev je izkazoval drugačno dinamiko pri doseganju želenih stanj v strukturi človeških virov. Rezultati so potrdili uspešnost razvitega algoritma za optimizacijo parametrov modela, ki omogoča hitro doseganje ciljnih stanj.
Zaključek. Predstavili smo matematični model in optimizacijski algoritem, ki omogoča prestrukturiranje na področju človeških virov v organizacijah. S pomočjo razvitega algoritma smo uspešno dosegli želeno organizacijsko strukturo v treh različnih podanih scenarijih brez nezaželenih oscilacij v številu prehodov