UPN (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional) Veteran Yogyakarta: Portal Journals
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Production of Healthy Sugar by Adding Winter Melon [Benincasa hipsida (Thunb.) Cogn.] From Coconut Sap
Full text linkThe increasing prevalence of health issues such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension due to excessive sugar consumption has prompted the need for healthier sugar alternatives. This study investigates the production of healthy sugar using coconut sap enriched with winter melon (Benincasa hispida) extract, which offers various health benefits, including anti-diabetic properties. The production process employed a vacuum rotary evaporator at controlled temperatures (50–80°C) to preserve the nutritional and physical qualities of the sugar while minimizing adverse effects of traditional methods. The study assessed sugar composition, crystallization behavior, and product yield. Results showed that the addition of winter melon extract enhanced antioxidant properties and functional value, while varying sugar seed concentrations improved crystallization, yield (up to 10.48%), and color stability. This research contributes to developing low-glycemic, nutritious sugar alternatives, meeting the increasing demand for healthier sweeteners
Enhancing Fuel Oil from Polyethylene Waste: A Comparative Study of Catalyst Efficiency in Thermal Pyrolysis
Full text linkThe growing accumulation of polyethylene (PE) plastic waste poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective recycling and waste management solutions. Thermal pyrolysis has emerged as a promising method for converting plastic waste into valuable hydrocarbons. This study presents a comparative analysis of catalyst efficiency in the thermal pyrolysis of PE waste, with a focus on maximizing product yield and optimizing chemical composition. Various catalysts were evaluated to assess their impact on the degradation process, product distribution, and overall conversion efficiency. The research utilized 100 grams of PE waste in the form of 2 cm pellets. The catalysts tested—activated carbon, HZSM-5, and low-rank coal (LRC)—were each added at 10% of the plastic\u27s weight. The experiments were conducted under varying conditions of time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes) and temperature (350, 450, 550, and 650°C). The thermal pyrolysis setup included an integrated furnace with glass column fractionation and four trays for collecting liquid pyrolysis products. Key parameters such as total yield, °API and calorific value were analyzed and compared to those of conventional fuel oil. The results demonstrated that the LRC catalyst outperformed both activated carbon and HZSM-5, achieving a yield of 61.10% at 650°C for 180 minutes. The pyrolysis product obtained using the LRC catalyst exhibited properties—such as °API and calorific value—comparable to those of conventional gasoline. This study highlights the potential of catalytic pyrolysis in managing plastic waste effectively, offering a viable approach to reducing plastic pollution while producing valuable hydrocarbon products. The findings underscore the importance of catalyst selection in optimizing pyrolysis outcomes, providing valuable insights for sustainable plastic waste managemen
UN and Muhammadiyah Cooperation in Eco-District Implementation to Address Environmental Issues in Yogyakarta
Full text linkYogyakarta faces severe environmental issues, including a waste crisis and environmentally damaging mining activities. Muhammadiyah, a socio-religious organization, emphasizes environmental consciousness through its Environmental Assembly, aligning with SDG 13 on climate action. Meanwhile, the United Nations (UN), as a key SDG leader, is working with Yogyakarta\u27s Regional Government on the Eco-District project, aiming to create sustainable urban areas by integrating environmental, economic, and social dimensions for an improved quality of life. This study explores the potential collaboration between the UN and Muhammadiyah to develop the Eco-District concept in Yogyakarta, leveraging the UN’s global environmental experience and Muhammadiyah’s extensive influence in Indonesian communities. Using a qualitative approach with a literature review, this research highlights strategies such as renewable energy promotion, waste management, green space expansion, and community education on sustainability. It assesses the planning, implementation, and outcomes of EcoDistrict projects, focusing on successes, challenges, and the value of multi-stakeholder partnerships for addressing complex environmental issues and fostering sustainable urban growth
The Effect of Salinity on the Effectiveness of CO2 Injection in the CO2 Storage Project in Bunter Field
No full textThe increase in CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere has contributed to global warming. Reducing CO₂ emissions can be achieved through Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) projects, optimized by selecting appropriate formation water salinity for CO₂ injection. High salinity can impede CO₂ movement and cause mineral deposits, potentially clogging rock pores and reducing CO₂ solubility. This paper aims to analyze the impact of salt concentration in brine on CO₂ solubility and storage capacity in saline aquifers. In this study, a sensitivity simulation was conducted on an existing saline aquifer dataset to analyze the effects of varying formation water salinity using a CO₂ sequestration method with a reservoir simulator. Simulation results showed that different salinity levels in formation water yield varying CO₂ solubility rates; for instance, in a formation with water salinity of 1000 ppm, CO₂ solubility increased with a storage capacity of 910.283 MMscf, whereas at 100.000 ppm salinity, CO₂ solubility decreased, and the CO₂ storage capacity was slightly lower at 652.440 MMscf. Formations with lower salinity are considered more ideal for CCS projects as they can maintain higher CO₂ storage capacity and long-term stability. This study is expected to provide additional insights into enhancing the CO₂ solubility mechanism in saline aquifers
Probabilistic Estimation of Geothermal Reserves in Dieng Field with JIWA Power Density and JIWA Volumetric
Full text linkGeothermal energy is a renewable energy source that is environmentally friendly and can be utilized for power generation. This study aims to estimate geothermal reserves in Dieng Field using Monte Carlo simulation to overcome uncertainty in the calculation of geothermal resources. The methods used include the Power Density and Volumetric Stored Heat approaches by considering geophysical, geological, and well logging data. Monte Carlo simulation produces probabilistic estimates categorized into P10, P50, and P90 scenarios. The results show that the potential geothermal reserves in Dieng Field range from 56.91 MW (P10) to 113.41 MW (P90) based on the Volumetric method and between 64.22 MW (P10) to 111.22 MW (P90) based on the Power Density method. These results provide a comprehensive picture of the geothermal potential that can be utilized, and support decision-making in the sustainable development of geothermal energy
EXPLAINING THE UNITED STATES’ POLICY OF MILITARY WITHDRAWAL FROM AFGHANISTAN IN 2021: KEY DETERMINANTS
Full text linkABSTRACT
The United States’ military intervention and political involvement in Afghanistan persisted for over two decades following the events of 9/11. Under the narrative of the “global war on terror,” the U.S. implemented a range of military and diplomatic strategies to counter terrorism threats in Afghanistan. Throughout this period, various policies were enacted to support stabilization efforts and the eradication of terrorist groups. However, the U.S. decision to withdraw all military forces from Afghanistan in 2021 marked a critical turning point in its foreign policy, symbolizing the end of a long and controversial military intervention. This study aims to analyze the key factors driving the U.S. decision to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan. Employing a qualitative methodology and utilizing secondary data through library research, this research applies William D. Coplin’s decision-making theory to map the influence of various actors and variables within the policy process. The findings indicate that the withdrawal was primarily driven by considerations related to domestic political dynamics, economic and military capabilities, and the international context. These findings affirm that the troop withdrawal policy cannot be separated from the broader calculations of U.S. long-term national interests.
Keywords: troop withdrawal, Afghanistan, United States, decision-making.
ABSTRAK
Intervensi militer dan keterlibatan politik Amerika Serikat di Afghanistan telah berlangsung selama lebih dari dua dekade sejak peristiwa 9/11. Dengan mengusung narasi “global war on terror”, Amerika Serikat menerapkan serangkaian strategi militer dan diplomatik untuk merespons ancaman terorisme di Afghanistan. Selama periode ini, berbagai kebijakan dilaksanakan untuk mendukung misi stabilisasi dan pemberantasan kelompok teror. Namun, keputusan Amerika Serikat untuk menarik seluruh pasukan militernya dari Afghanistan pada tahun 2021 menjadi titik balik dalam arah kebijakan luar negerinya yang menandai berakhirnya intervensi militer yang panjang dan kontroversial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendorong keputusan penarikan pasukan milter Amerika Serikat di Afghanistan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui metodologi kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data sekunder berbasis studi kepustakaan (library research). Teori pengambilan keputusan William D. Coplin digunakan untuk memetakan pengaruh berbagai aktor dan variabel dalam proses kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mendorong kebijakan penarikan pasukan adalah pertimbangan dari situasi politik domestik, kapabilitas ekonomi dan militer, serta konteks internasional. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kebijakan penarikan pasukan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kalkulasi kepentingan nasional jangka panjang Amerika Serikat.
Kata kunci: penarikan pasukan, Afghanistan, Amerika Serikat, pengambilan keputusan
Zonasi Kerentanan Airtanah Menggunakan Analytic Hierarchy Process pada Daerah Tangkapan Air Waduk Gajah Mungkur, Wonogiri
Full text linkDaerah Tangkapan Air Waduk (DTA) Gajah Mungkur merupakan salah satu daerah tangkapan air yang berada pada daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Sungai Bengawan Solo. DTA ini terletak pada Kabupaten Wonogiri, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) untuk mengetahui zona kerentanan airtanah pada DTA Waduk Gajah Mungkur. Parameter yang digunakan dalam pembobotan meliputi litologi, kerapatan kelurusan, kerapatan drainase, curah hujan, penggunaan lahan, serta kemiringan lereng. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas daerah tangkapan air Waduk Gajah Mungkur masuk kedalam zonasi sedang hingga sangat rentan, dimana kelas sedang berada pada bobot nilai 200-300, kelas rentan pada bobot nilai 300-400, dan kelas sangat rentan pada bobot nilai 400-500. DTA Waduk Gajah Mungkur didominasi oleh daerah kerentanan dengan kelas rentan sebanyak sekitar 63% total luas daerah penelitian
Kelayakan Usaha Tambak Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Di Desa Jogosimo Kecamatan Klirong Kabupaten Kebumen: The feasibility of vannamei shrimp farming (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Jogosimo Village, Klirong District, Kebumen Regency
Full text linkThis study aimed to analyze the feasibility of vannamei shrimp farming in Jogosimo Village, Klirong District, Kebumen Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach using a case study method. Sampling was conducted through a census of 5 respondents, specifically vannamei shrimp pond owners in Jogosimo Village. The data used consisted of both primary and secondary data, collected through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Data analysis was performed using profitability analysis, Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Revenue on Cost Ratio, and Break-Even Point (BEP). The results indicated that the average profit for vannamei shrimp pond owners in Jogosimo Village was IDR 25,093,393 per production cycle. The vannamei shrimp farming enterprise in Jogosimo Village, Klirong District, Kebumen Regency was deemed feasible, with an average BCR is 0.27 (> 0), the average RCR is 1.27 (> 1), the BEP price is IDR 25,728,817, and the BEP production is 602 kg. The average selling price of vaname shrimp is IDR 42,767.5 /Kg and the average quantity of vaname shrimp production is 2,366 kg
Perubahan Interaksi Masyarakat Desa (Studi Kasus Pasar Papringan Dusun Ngadiprono, Ngadimulyo, Kedu, Kabupaten Temanggung): Changes in Rural Community Interaction (Case Study Papringan Market in Ngadiprono, Ngadimulyo, Kedu, Temanggung)
Full text linkThis study aims to Examine the changes in rural community interactions in the precense of Papringan Market Ngadiprono, Ngadimulyo, Kedu, Temanggung. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type of research. The informant determination technique was carried out by purposive sampling. Sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Testing the validity of the data using source triangulation. The data analysis technique used is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that The interactions among the people of Ngadiprono, the market visitors, and the people of Ngadidono led to adjustments within the Ngadiprono community, resulting in changes in social contact and communication. Direct interactions continued, but there was also an addition of indirect interactions using media such as WhatsApp. In the process, there were conflicts, interventions, and competition both within the village and with people from outside the village. However, despite these challenges, the people of Ngadiprono were ultimately able to establish good cooperation, even with the people of Ngadidono. Thanks to the Papringan Market, the community now has alternative livelihoods, is more accustomed to using modern tools, and has become more skilled in both crafts and language
Peran Stakeholder Pada Kegiatan Pengendalian Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman Padi Secara Hayati Oleh Kelompok Tani Sedyo Rukun Kapanewon Bantul
Full text linkThis study aims to examine the role of stakeholders in the implementation of biological pest control activities for rice plants by the Sedyo Rukun Farmer Group. This research is qualitative research with a case study method, using primary and secondary data sources, with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, documentation, then data validity with source triangulation. Data analysis techniques by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results showed that stakeholders consisting of the Bantul Regency DKPP and the Sabdodadi Village Government play a role in providing facilities to farmers, but have not yet reached the stage of providing power so that biological pest control activities for rice in the Sedyo Rukun Farmers Group have not yet sustainabl