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A Theoretical Framework on Minority Rights under International Law: Regional Protection & Modern Initiatives
Get PDFRising incidents of oppression on the minority group is an increasing concern all around the world. State practice has been inconsistent and incoherent so far as protection of minority rights is concerned. Some States have adopted generous policies not only in recognising the existence of minorities but also in protecting their cultural and linguistic identity. International law has historically found it difficult to provide firm guidelines in defining 'minorities'. However this paper has offered a theoretical framework for defining the concept of ‘minority’ and here a comprehensive analysis has been shown on the substantive rights of the minorities which includes their right to life and physical existence, right to religious, cultural and linguistic autonomy etc. In this analysis it is seen that The Genocide Convention has not come into operation and a number of States have not adopted any specific measures and large scale violation of human rights highlights the need for a permanent international criminal court. This study focuses on the modern initiatives in International Law and regional protection of minority rights. Recognition and authorisation of such rights form an essential element of the concept of autonomy and the role of Working Group on Minorities to eradicate some of the criticisms regarding the weaknesses existent in the practical realisation and implementation of the Declaration. This study also shows some instances of violation of minority rights due to lack of balance between international law and domestic laws of Bangladesh which firmly put emphasis on to acknowledge the international commitments by the states
Influence of Chaos and Order of Life System on Education
Get PDFThis paper mainly discusses that life system is a complex structure of chaos and order. The order of life is supported by replication of inherited genes and conversion of energy, while the chaos is due to loss of energy and inevitable genetic mutation. In face of lively student, we should not only follow the linear rules of education, but also respect the individual created by nature
Households’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Municipal Solid Waste Disposal
Get PDFHousehold waste contributes significantly to municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rates globally. This study evaluates households’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards MSW disposal in the Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Questionnaires and interviews were used to obtain information on households’ MSW handling practices and attitudes towards MSW disposal. 211 households responded to the questionnaires. The study showed that majority of the households’ respondents in the Wa Municipality (40.8%) store their mixed unsorted waste in closed containers. Also, the study indicated that the most widely used method of solid waste (SW) disposal in the Wa Municipality was by burning, with 32.2% households resorting to this option. Furthermore, the study indicated that there was low knowledge of households towards waste reduction and source separation; 83.9% of the household respondents did not sort their waste for collection and did not practice waste reduction. By conducting investigations under some demographic characteristics, the study found a very weak correlation between demographic variables and KAP, however, age was associated with waste disposal (p-value = 0.003 < 0.05). The study, therefore, recommends that the municipal authorities should intensify education and the enforcement of waste disposal regulations for the attainment of sustainable household waste management in the Wa Municipality and Ghana in general
Knowledge and Skills Gap Analyses of Technical Universities in Ghana
Get PDFThe human capital of every organization which comprises of its portfolio of skills and knowledge, makes the organization distinct and also gives it competitive advantage since they are intangible assets that cannot be counterfeited by rivals. Polytechnics in Ghana were converted to Technical Universities in 2016 with a unique mandate to churn out graduates that meet the expectations of the industry. The study analyses the skills and knowledge gaps of technical universities and how these can affect their quest to deliver on their new mandate. All the Technical Universities in Ghana were considered for the study, and a non-probability sampling technique which is convenience sampling was used to select participants for the study who were mainly teaching staff, accountants or senior accountants where appropriate. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Results of the study revealed that, there are huge skills and knowledge gaps which are enshrined in the technical universities governing instruments particularly the Technical Universities Act since greater part of the teaching staff see industrial skills, knowledge in competency mode of curriculum development and delivery as well as research and proposal writing skills to be very important, yet a significant number of them do not possess these skills and knowledge. The study made some theoretical and empirical contributions that will help technical universities and their stakeholders. Limitations and recommendations that will guide future researchers who may be interested in researching on a similar topic was also outlined
Rising Insecurity in Nigeria: Causes and Solution
Get PDFNigeria is currently inflated in security crisis which has turn into an unending challenge, not only by defying security procedures but making scorn of the efforts of the law enforcement agents and the millions of naira annually budgeted by the government as security votes. This study, therefore, examines the rising insecurity in Nigeria with causes and solutions to it. The finding revealed that the causes of insecurity are the menace of unemployment and poverty, elite exploitation of ethnicity and religious differences, corruption, weak security apparatus, porous border, marginalization and inequality in the country, and bad governance and poor leadership. The solution range from opposing the aforementioned causes of insecurity in this paper
A Planning Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Decision-Making
Get PDFThis study presents a framework for sustainable planning and decision-making for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in the context of developing countries. The framework was developed through a detailed study of MSW disposal in Ghana, using the Wa Municipality as a case study. The methodology and research design for the study was a descriptive and interpretive case study that was analysed through both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The developed framework consists of three main pillars of solid waste management (SWM) elements: MSW generation and characteristics, the baseline scenario of MSW disposal, and MSW disposal environmental performance. The framework can assist waste management decision-makers to take the guesswork out of decisions for waste management planning in developing countries, as the framework incorporates a better picture of how a current waste management system works and what effects changes could have, through an integrated environmental performance evaluation. Furthermore, the application of the framework has the potential to increase the level of decision-makers’ awareness of the environmental burdens of MSW disposal and possibly lead to the reduction of the future undesirable environmental effects of MSW disposal in some developing countries
Awareness and Application of Green Building Concepts by Construction Industry Stakeholders of Sub-Saharan African Countries
Get PDFThe notoriety of the construction industry regarding its impacts on the environment has brought to limelight the need for green buildings (GB). GB practices have become topical as the best vehicle for addressing these negative impacts by reducing CO2 emissions, minimising water and energy consumption amongst other benefits. Ignorance of the implementation of green building concepts (GBCs) in developing countries like Ghana accounts for a very slow pace of uptake as opposed to the developed country counterparts. This paper investigates the awareness and application of GBCs among Ghana Construction Industry (GCI) stakeholders. The data for the study was elicited via questionnaire survey of 292 stakeholders. The results indicate 88.4% of the respondents have previous knowledge of GBC with 69.2% of them indicating GB is environmentally friendly. The study revealed GCI stakeholders’ awareness of GBC is high with energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality recording the highest awareness rates of 97.6% and 93.8% respectively. The extent of application of GBCs in Ghana is moderate with energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality highest with relative importance indices of 0.680 and 0.660 respectively. It found the One Airport Square building, Accra is the most popular GB in Ghana. The internet is the most effective medium of disseminating and creating awareness of GB. The findings of this study is useful for stakeholders desirous to improving the momentum of GB uptake in the GCI. This study adds to the body of knowledge as the first study on GB in Ghana context involving all major stakeholders
Empowering Rural Women in India during Covid-19: A Brief Study Considering Future Sustainability
Get PDFEmpowerment is a multidimensional process that fosters power in people to access available opportunities without limitations and restrictions. Rural Indian women like its urban counterparts are equally proactive in fighting the pandemic with proper planning, flawless execution and backbreaking work. This paper is subdivided into Part I and Part II. Part I mainly attempts to capture how the collective strength of women's SHGs has come to the fore in combating the disease. Women in remote areas have showed their sewing skills by supplementing Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) for health professionals and administrative staffs in the field. Women Self Help Groups in different states have provided free meals to the weaker sections during the crisis period of lockdown. Part II of the paper focuses on the significant role of rural Indian women towards sustainability after Covid crisis
Human Organ Transplantation: Psychosocial Considerations of Recipients
Get PDFTransplantation of solid organs saves lives of the many organ failure patients who are left with no other option of treatment, but transplantation, to get over their illness. The method of harvesting the organ from a living or dead person and transplanting it to a different living individual is so complex that the donor, the recipient and their families bear experiences that not only require intensive medical management but also psychosocial care. The article presents review of psychosocial problems with patients in need of organ transplantation
Foreigners' Right to Acquire Land under International Human Rights Instruments
Get PDFThis article offers an assessment of treaty law on foreign land ownership in the context of international human rights agreements, which still remains relatively unexplored. While international human rights law is very cautious as to whether foreigners’ right to acquire land within a host state should be recognized as a human right, this article suggests that the recognition of such a right is the logical development of accepting free trade and free investment as human rights. The specific protection of indigenous people, on the other hand, could be taken as an exception to foreigners’ right to acquire land. So far foreigners’ right to acquire real property is only incorporated into a small number of human rights treaties. Its linkage with human rights law, in most circumstances, is achieved through some of the existing human rights norms. The first norm is the right to property, the protection of which is of significance to the right to acquire real property. The second norm is grounded on the concept of the right to housing, the attainment of which, in many cases, relies on access to land property and the right to acquire land