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Marci Hamilton Certification of Profession in Support of Retention of Professional
No full textCertification of profession in support of application for retention of professional, filed on January 19, 2021
Debtor\u27s Reply to Objections Filed to Motion (i) Establishing Mediation Process Relating to Survivor and Tort Claims; (ii) Estimating Remaining Survivor and Tort Claims; and (iii) Granting Related Relief
No full textReply of the Diocese of Camden, New Jersey, Chapter 11 debtor and debtor-in-possession, to objections filed to motion (i) establishing mediation process relating to survivor and tort claims; (ii) estimating remaining survivor and tort claims pursuant to 11 U.S.C 502(c)(1) and Fed. R. Bankr. P. 3018(a) for purpose of voting on plan of reorganization and confirmation; and (iii) granting related relief, filed January 20, 2021
A Functional Framework To Balance Accountability With The Needs of International Organizations:International Organization Immunity Post-Jam
No full textPrior to 2019, international organizations were untouchable. These larger-than-life entities touch almost every corner of the international arena. Yet historically, international organizations enjoyed absolute immunity from liability in U.S. fora
The Need for a System View to Regulate Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning-Based Software as Medical Devices
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML) systems in medicine are poised to significantly improve health care, for example, by offering earlier diagnoses of diseases or recommending optimally individualized treatment plans. However, the emergence of AI/ML in medicine also creates challenges, which regulators must pay attention to. Which medical AI/ML-based products should be reviewed by regulators? What evidence should be required to permit marketing for AI/ML-based software as a medical device (SaMD)? How can we ensure the safety and effectiveness of AI/ML-based SaMD that may change over time as they are applied to new data? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for example, has recently proposed a discussion paper to address some of these issues. But it misses an important point: we argue that regulators like the FDA need to widen their scope from evaluating medical AI/ML-based products to assessing systems. This shift in perspective—from a product view to a system view—is central to maximizing the safety and efficacy of AI/ML in health care, but it also poses significant challenges for agencies like the FDA who are used to regulating products, not systems. We offer several suggestions for regulators to make this challenging but important transition
Black Women\u27s Suffrage, the Nineteenth Amendment, and the Duality of a Movement
No full textAmerica is at an unprecedented time with self-determination for Black women, and this phase of the movement is reverberating throughout this nation and around the world. There is no confusion for those who identify as Black women that this movement is perpetual, dating back to the enslavement of Black people in America by act and by law. One need only look to the intersecting crises of 2020 to discern the reality of Black women’s—and by extension the Black community and by further extension individuals and groups marginalized, subordinated, and oppressed by white patriarchy—perpetual struggle for civil and human rights.
To appreciate the genealogy of this perpetual struggle for civil and human rights, it is instructive to look back on the 100th Anniversary of the 19th Amendment and to be immersed in the stories and the legacies of Black women suffragists to gain insights about modern contestations against limiting the franchise. In the forming of this nation, Black women were intentionally excluded and erased from conceptions of humanity. This exclusion and erasure of Black women’s voices and contributions from the annals of social, political, and economic movements throughout history, such as abolitionist and women’s suffrage movements, tarnish the legitimacy of our democratic institutions, our laws, and our collective progress toward equality.
This article centers Black women’s lived experiences in the struggle for universal suffrage while also leading and supporting their communities in the fight against racial inequality and oppression. By making the sojourn through history using the lens of Black women, an opening is created to understand the perpetuation of racial injustice and oppression through the practices of withholding citizenship and the franchise. It also offers a window into the expertise and resilience of Black women in building and maintaining relationships, alliances, and coalitions to press for the larger vision of universal suffrage, even when their putative partners choose self-interest over the collective. The purpose of highlighting the duality of the movement is to contribute to the literature that seeks to reveal how Black women and their lived experiences with racism and oppression during the women’s suffrage movement up through and after the ratification of the 19th Amendment can inform today’s efforts at successful coalition building to support modern movements against injustice and inequality
