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Impact of National and Municipal Environmental Standards on the Development of Effective Solid Waste Management Systems in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Get PDFThe following research paper analyzes the impact of national and municipal environmental standards on the development of effective Solid waste management systems in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research is essential in ensuring that there are notable positive changes in the disposal of solid waste by both the local government and the national government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The following paper follows a strategic plan and procedure in ensuring achievement of the goal and purpose of the research. The approach used in this paper is a comparison of the current local system and a proposed improvement of some of the legal laws surrounding Saudi Arabia’s environmental laws and regulations and the implementation of these laws in both the country’s local and national governments. The research relies on data collected from the legal documents and policies on waste by Jeddah’s city and government management authority. The findings reveal the origin and impact of solid wastes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the environmental laws surrounding the disposal of waste, the challenges faced in the disposal of waste, and some of the changes and adjustments that the legal system in the country can put in place to ensure protection of environment. Some of these challenges include the negative effect of urbanization and the threat it posed in the collection of data and lack of proper coordination between both local and national government proved a challenge in ensuring provision of proper information. The conclusion reached in this paper is that Jeddah city lacks proper coordination from both the national government and local government in ensuring proper disposal of waste. Therefore, new laws distinguishing roles and responsibilities between both local and national governments are required
The Public Trust Doctrine in the 21st Century
Get PDFIn this Symposium\u27s initial lecture, I will (a) provide a glimpse into life in Medieval England to explain the context from which Magna Carta arose, (b) describe the evolution of environmental rights from Magna Carta to the Forest Carter, (c) explore in a case study how “liberties of the forest” functioned for 800 years in England\u27s Royal Forest of Dean, ultimately sustaining the ecological systems of Dean, (d) discuss the “liberties of the forest” in light of Elinor Ostom\u27s common pool analyses, and (e) offer some views on the question just posed. I shall start by describing the English environment itself in the 13th century
From Public Health to Public Wealth: The Case for Economic Justice
Get PDFThis Article examines how we can overlay the principle of serving the common good, which undergirds public health law, onto financial well-being. It suggests that we apply public health law principles to corporate law and culture. In matters of public health, we view quite broadly states\u27 police power to protect the public good. Government is also empowered to protect the general welfare in matters of financial well-being. Using the “general welfare” as a guidepost, this Article challenges the conventional wisdom that corporations exist solely to maximize profit and shareholder value to the exclusion of virtually everything else. It proposes two areas of change for improving our collective financial well-being. First, it suggests new rules for corporate board composition and accountability, specifically, proposing the elimination of the business judgment rule for executive compensation decisions. Second, it proposes that employees of large corporations elect 40% of the board members. Finally, this Article also highlights the link between financial well-being and democracy and urges that voting rights and campaign finance laws be strengthened. Part I of this Article explores the community-focused mission of public health law. Part II examines the more individualistic nature of corporate law and culture. Part III suggests policy changes that would apply community-focused public health law concepts to the economy, making for a more equitable society
Title IX & Menstruation
Get PDF“Oh no. Could I borrow a tampon or pad?” These (or similar) words are familiar to almost everyone who has ever had a period. Even for adults, menstruation can at times be a challenge. For some schoolchildren, it can be an insurmountable obstacle to receiving an education. Students are subject to constant observation by classmates and teachers; they may not have autonomous access to a bathroom during the school day; or they may not be able to afford menstrual products. They may experience menstruation-related peer harassment, restrictive school policies, a lack of access to menstrual products, and inadequate menstruation-related education. As a result, a menstruating student may find it difficult to concentrate in school or even attend school at all, depending on the circumstances. This Article explores the intersection of menstruation and education to uncover the related impediments students face. Because menstruation is uniquely associated with female biology, a school’s failure to address the needs of menstruating students amounts to a denial of educational opportunities on the basis of sex under Title IX. In recent years, students themselves have played notable roles in successful efforts to cause schools to provide free pads or tampons to students. Currently most states do not require schools to do so. Even in states where schools have a legal obligation to provide menstrual products to students, availability is only one part of a larger problem. Unless students can access bathroom facilities in response to their biological needs, and do so without shame, stigma or restriction, students may risk bleeding during class, failing to change tampons or pads as medically recommended, or even leaving (or skipping) school. This Article argues that pursuant to Title IX, schools should provide students with an education free of unnecessary anxiety about the biological process of menstruation. This freedom from anxiety is a necessary precondition for having meaningful opportunities to fully participate in school and all aspects of public life. In its final section, the Article buttresses its analysis by employing multiple theoretical frameworks to examine the intersection of menstruation and education, concluding that menstruation is a foundational issue that the law must take into account so that society can benefit from the full participation of all of its members
You Voted…Now What? Continuing Your Advocacy and Allyship Past Election Day
No full textPace University President Marvin Krislov and Marc H. Morial, president & CEO of the National Urban League held a conversation about Black Lives Matter, voting, and ways Pace students can make a difference
Can a Personal Passion for the Environment Create a Shift in the Event Industry?
Get PDFGlobal warming and its detrimental effects are evident in all aspects of life. Event companies, a serious offender in this, have begun implementing sustainable practices into their events. Previous literature has extensively studied the effects of events on the environment, as well as potential mitigations and ways to lessen said effects. While past scholarship focused on the events, there has been minimal research done on the event managers. There is reason to believe that some event planners, who have an innate desire to be sustainable, can help the event industry become more environmentally-focused. The purpose of this study is to examine how event organizers with a personal passion for the environment can create a shift in the event industry towards sustainability. To conduct this study, primary research was completed through structured interviews. These interviews were used to gain information from those working in the field. Three themes surfaced as a result of these interviews: defining moments, clear values, and positive changes. The participants’ responses focused on what caused them to dedicate their work to sustainability, as well as the basis for the values of their companies. They all also mentioned a change in the industry as a whole occurring, which was something not discussed in previous literature. Findings of this study suggest that event organizers understand the issues that events cause the environment, have taken it upon themselves to fully support the change through dedicated efforts, and notice the shift that is beginning to take place because of companies like their own and people like themselves
Social Media and the Publishing Industry: How Social Media Changed the roles of Publishers, Publicists, Marketers, and Authors.
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Improving Quality of Job Application Pre-processing with Knowledge Graphs
No full textHuman Resources (HR) personnel face challenges when preprocessing or evaluating job applications. The main goal of job application preprocessing is to filter through many resumes in order to produce a short list of the most qualified candidates to hire. The lack of domain expertise in high-tech recruiting has led to poorly qualified prospective employees advancing to the short list of candidates considered for hire. The challenge in evaluating prospective employees is made worst given the variety of professional and laymen terms used by job-providers/companies and job-seekers/prospective employees. Job description created by companies and resumes created by prospective employees both use a combination of professional and laymen terms to describes job requirements and job qualification. It is acceptable for one company to use different terms than another to describe a Cloud Software Developer’s position. Similarly, a prospective employee can use different terms than another perspective employee in describing qualifications for a Cloud Software Developer’s position. Ontology is often used to define vocabulary and terms in an application domain. However, the most popular ontology tools in used today are limited in supporting only the single “is-a” relationship which prevent them from describing rich relationship needed to capture terms used during job application evaluation or preprocessing. To fill this gap, Pace Universities Knowledge Graph (KGs) and manual methods of producing KGs extend ontology to support customized relationship like “part of” to better support relationships among various concepts that may be used by professional and laymen in job descriptions or resumes. This research proposes to use KGs to identify custom relationship so that important keywords could be used in a Python Analyzer (PA) Application Tracking System (ATS) that was developed for matching keywords in job descriptions to keywords in resumes. The PA ATS use KG keywords from a text file to compare against job description keywords to produce a subset of keywords for further matching between the job description and a batch of resumes for the job. For each resume, HR personnel are able to see match percentage before and after filters for keyword and keywords with synonyms were applied. This research experiments showed a 10% average improvement in job match accuracy using the PA ATS. Improved matches enhance job application preprocessing. Contribution in this research can also be applied to similar problems that need a PA ATS tool to bridge terminologies in different communities
Of Sex Crimes and Fencelines: How Recognition of Environmental Justice Communities as Crime Victims Under State and Federal Law Can Help Secure Environmental Justice
Get PDFEnvironmental justice communities throughout the United States continue to face disproportionate health burdens from living near industrial sources of pollution. Such burdens were caused by historically racist public policies and continue to be perpetuated by inadequate regulatory responses at the federal and state level. State and federal law has increasingly recognized an emerging set of rights afforded to victims of crime in court proceedings. We argue that members of environmental justice communities should be viewed as crime victims and have the same rights applied as other victims of violent crime. Using case examples under the federal Crime Victims’ Rights Act (CVRA) and exploring significant amendments to state constitutions in the last few years due to the Marsy’s Law Movement, we argue for the emerging potential to apply these rights to environmental justice communities. We contend this move will open up a new path to reduce harm for environmental justice communities left by the failures of the regulatory state and begin to give them voice and make them whole