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Tax Benefits, Higher Education and Race: A Gift Tax Proposal for Direct Tuition Payments
Get PDFThis Article combines three topics--taxes, higher education, and race--to evaluate the tax system\u27s role in exacerbating racial inequalities. Part II frames the discussion with a brief overview of the economics of higher education: how much it costs, how much debt the average student incurs to afford it, and how that debt burden varies by race. Part III describes the major income and wealth transfer tax benefits for higher education, including I.R.C. § 2503(e)\u27s exclusion of direct tuition payments from gift tax. Part IV demonstrates how this gift tax exclusion disproportionately benefits white families already more likely to avail themselves of other generous tax benefits for higher education while also noting that the exclusion is inconsistent with the overall purpose of wealth transfer taxes. Additionally, Part IV argues that I.R.C. § 2503(e)(2)(A)\u27s exclusion is inequitable and should be repealed because it exacerbates the racial wealth gap and creates lifetime benefits for the donee while diminishing the donor\u27s tax base. Part V evaluates opportunities for future research at the intersection of race and tax benefits for higher education and beyond. Part VI concludes with a call for an expanded definition of “fairness” when evaluating the tax system
Peer-Led Team Learning and Student Success
Get PDFPeer-Led Team Learning (PLTL), a nationally recognized teaching and learning model, was introduced into the General Chemistry course at Pace University in 2014. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the introduction of PLTL on the students’ final exam scores, and through surveys, determine how students viewed both the PLTL program and their Peer Leaders. In addition, this study sought to monitor the progress of Peer Leaders as they entered an upper-level Inorganic Chemistry class to determine whether the experience of being a Peer Leader helped their success in this course. The biggest difference, when comparing exam scores from two separate years before and after PLTL implementation, was found to be 10%. However, upon averaging exam scores over several years before and after the introduction of the PLTL program, a more modest average increase of 4% was determined. It was found that students with Peer Leader experience performed better in an upper-level Inorganic Chemistry class compared to those with no Peer Leader experience. Results from surveys administered to both students and Peer Leaders regarding their experiences, as well as the results from students evaluating their Peer Leaders, are reported here. Overall, the implementation of PLTL has led to greater interactions between the Instructor, Peer Leaders, and undergraduate students, thereby furthering a greater interest in chemistry and increasing the students’ sense of community
The Effects of States’ Economic Conditions on the Quality of Public Education System
Get PDFMany previous researchers have looked at the effects of education on certain economic factors. However, this paper investigates the topic of education from a different perspective: using data of several economic factors for all 50 states in America from the year of 2017 and an education ranking system from U.S. News & World Report, this paper analyzes the effects of a state’s economic conditions on its quality of public education system through a cross-sectional model. Results from the analysis show that poverty rate, current expenditure per pupil, public high school graduation rate, and share of revenues for public elementary and secondary education have a significant impact on education quality
Period Poverty in a Pandemic: Harnessing Law to Achieve Menstrual Equity
Get PDFPeriod poverty is not new, but it has become more visible during the COVID-19 crisis. Worldwide, menstruation has long caused marginalization and vulnerability for many. The pandemic has only amplified these conditions. This Article makes three claims. The first is descriptive, identifying four interrelated aspects of global period poverty that have gained new salience during the coronavirus pandemic: lack of access to affordable menstrual products; lack of access to other needed supplies and services for health and sanitation; lack of menstruation-related information and support from schools and health professionals; and menstrual stigma and shame. Using examples from multiple countries, the Article highlights the importance of being able to manage one\u27s menstruation in a safe and affordable way.
The Article\u27s second claim is that law has a role to play in eliminating period poverty--both during a pandemic and beyond. By ensuring that menstruation-related concerns are taken into account when defining “essential businesses,” for example, governments can both address the material needs of approximately half the population and signal that those needs are important.
Finally, the Article explores the heightened visibility of menstruation-related concerns during the COVID-19 crisis as suggestive of an emerging popular awareness of period poverty. This Article\u27s account has important implications for a larger worldwide menstrual equity movement that takes aim at menstruation-related obstacles standing in the way of full participation for all people in private and public life
#StopAsianHate: A Conversation with Assemblymember Yuh-line Niou
No full text#StopAsianHate: A Conversation with Assemblymember Yuh-line Niou, is a fireside chat with Pace’s Manhattan campus’ New York State Assembly representative. Leading the discussion is student leader, Elana Xu, President of Global Korea Through Entertainment and an activist in the #StopAsianHate movement. The conversation will delve into the history and acknowledge the experiences of the Asian American and Pacific Islander community on Pace campus and throughout New York City. The event aims to provide a safe space for deeper engagement on a topic that is oftentimes overlooked, examining the impacts and implications for our student community and the broader community at large. Assemblymember Niou is a leader for the #StopAsianHate movement and her work within the community has been instrumental in raising awareness.
This event took place October 28, 2021, 3:00 PM-4:00 PM ES
Behind the White Box: Exploring the Double Marginalization Behind Multiracial Latinx Identities
No full textThis engaging and informative panel presentation will include multiracial Latinx students and community partner, Latino U College Access who will discuss how Latinx identity can often be complex, multidimensional and multifaceted. LAtinx identity is often a combination of ancestral country of origin, indigineous roots, and racial background. Defining race and ethnicity in daily life and often during the simple act of completing a form, questionnaire or application often leads to confusion, misunderstanding, anxiety and double marginalization. Raising awareness of this important issue facing millions in the Latinx community, sharing diverse perspectives, and exploring positive ways in which we as a society can address it are the overarching goals of this presentation. Our intent is to not only to start the conversation but ideally keep it going long beyond the day so that people have an understanding of the many crucial issues facing multi-racial Latinos in terms of their identity, which all too often can impact how they see themselves and present themselves to others
Environmental Governance at the Edge of Democracy
Get PDFPrivate environmental governance describes the affirmative efforts of private organizations to deliver public environmental goals, such as climate change mitigation, without government leadership or control. The scholarship on private environmental governance has grown quickly over its short life, but has largely described, catalogued, and quantified private environmental governance. This article begins the project of more fully theorizing private environmental governance. It is the first to explore and critique its political and democratic roles and responsibilities.
This article argues that despite the promise that private environmental governance is private and therefore “beyond politics,” it in fact calls loudly for democratic consideration. Private environmental governance is an effective instrument for advancing environmental protection, but the reason it is instrumental is because it wields substantial coercive power over the global environment and human relationships with the environment. Unlike public governance, private governance makes fast and dramatic strides because it wields this coercive power without the procedural burdens of the state. But procedural burdens are not just inefficiencies, they are often important parts of the practice of democracy.
Many factors can recommend democratic consideration in place of private fiat. In the case of private environmental governance, democratic practice is necessary for at least three reasons. First, the endeavor is political in the way it uses power and displaces public law. Second, private environmental governance assumes significant conclusions about whether and how to protect the environment. These conclusions should result from public choice, not private will. Third, substantial power imbalances allow private governance to interfere with and dominate individual interests. The power of private firms to encroach on individual liberty is the reason their environmental governance strategies work. Democracy is the forum to authorize, redistribute, or revoke that power.
After making the case that private environmental governance should not escape democratic reflection simply because of its private designation, this article concludes that further careful study is necessary to determine whether private environmental governance institutions provide sufficient dimensions of democracy. Private environmental governance not only risks governing without democracy, it risks lulling people into a sense that the messy politics of public governance are no longer necessary. Closer attention to private environmental governance’s democratic credentials can therefore improve private governance and help maintain a functioning state