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Getting a Second Wind: Reviving Natural Rights Clauses as a Means to Challenge Unjustified Occupational Licensing Regulations
Get PDFOccupational licensing refers to a government-imposed regulation which requires an individual to obtain a license before engaging in a certain line of work. Over the last several decades, occupational licensing regulations have expanded rapidly. While some of these regulations can be justified as a form of consumer protection (as in the medical industry), many simply operate as barriers to entry (as in the interior design industry). Furthermore, these regulations impose economic costs that fall disproportionately on those who are economically disadvantaged. Fortunately, bipartisan state legislative efforts have begun to make some progress in rolling back these regulations. However, because legislative reform is often slow, the bearers of these burdensome regulations often seek redress through the court systems. In a recent case, Ladd v. Real Estate Commission,1 the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that certain licensing requirements violated the right to pursue one’s chosen occupation—a right it said was protected by the state’s natural rights clause enshrined in the Pennsylvania Constitution. We believe that Ladd’s conclusion is correct in light of the historical understanding of these natural rights clauses. Importantly, Pennsylvania is one of thirty-three states to have such a clause in its state constitution. These natural rights clauses provide an easy anchor point by which to argue that unjustified occupational licensing unduly interferes with one’s right to pursue a chosen occupation and, consequently, interferes with the rights guaranteed by the state constitution. Therefore, Ladd can serve as a powerful example of how to limit the breadth of occupational licensing through state court litigation in the majority of states
Black Excellence Initiative: Fostering Belonging
Get PDFThe Black Excellence Initiative works to counter the endemic effects of racism, and to create spaces to cultivate well-being for Black students and communities by inviting Black speakers to campus who exemplify excellence in a variety of contexts. BJ Bell, Director of the Performance Attribution teams for the US and APAC regions at BlackRock, will discuss his work with local organizations and company initiatives that focus on financial inclusion and creating opportunities for underrepresented students of color. BJ also has worked extensively to encourage discussions around topics of race and inequality, and served on the expert review panel for Racial Equity 2030
Training for Retention: How Effective are Writing Center and Learning Center Training Programs at Pace University?
Get PDFAlthough peer student support services are offered at college and universities across the country, there is little discussion regarding how students are trained to work in these positions. While the benefits of student support services are generally agreed upon, these services can only be effective if student employees feel adequately prepared for their roles. This study aims to determine best practices to design training curriculum for students employed as writing center consultants, content tutors, and peer mentors in a university setting. To do so, student employees at Pace University - Pleasantville’s Learning Commons were surveyed to analyze how prepared students felt for and in their positions. These responses were used to determine if any disconnects existed between the training curriculum and the job responsibilities, as well as best practices that could be incorporated into training program design. Overall, the findings suggest that credit-bearing courses are most effective when used for training, followed by training programs that incorporate a class-like structure. Additionally, these findings show that students feel most prepared for these positions when training programs incorporate hands-on components. This goes against the current literature, wherein best practices for training programs are heavy on theory. As such, these findings both inform gaps within the literature as well as can be utilized by other colleges and universities to improve training curriculum for similar positions
Theater and Covid-19: Examining How the Pandemic Financially Affected Production Crew Members in the Theater Industry
Get PDFSince the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has severely impacted many aspects of almost every industry worldwide. This paper will cover the financial effect that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on production crew members working within the theater industry. Research will be conducted through literature review, evaluating similar historical events and current discussions throughout the industry, and one-on-one structured interviews with production crew members who were financially impacted by the pandemic. The main goal of this thesis is to examine the different financial situations of production crew members and determine if management and production companies within the industry were successful in financially supporting their employees throughout this difficult time. The Covid-19 pandemic began at the beginning of 2020 and is still ongoing as this research is being completed, due to the emergence of the Delta variant. Due to new discoveries and changes that will occur as the pandemic continues, this research will be updated as necessary but may not be entirely reflective of present-day situations
Lulu Lola
Get PDFOn December 10, 2021 students in Prof. Minnie Chiu\u27s American Studies 102 class at Pace University conducted an oral history interview with Lulu Lola. In the interview Lola discussed her work as an activist and performer
Wills Formalities in Post-Pandemic World: A Research Agenda
Get PDFThe COVID-19 global pandemic has brought new focus to human mortality. The virus has reminded many people that they need to have a valid will or otherwise make plans for the effective transmission of their property on death. Yet stay-at-home orders and social distancing recommendations make it difficult or impossible to comply with the traditional rules for validly executing wills. Across most common law jurisdictions, the traditional requirements call for two witnesses in the physical presence of the testator. Because of the practical difficulties of safely executing documents during the pandemic with witnesses assembled in physical proximity, many jurisdictions internationally have implemented emergency measures that permit the remote witnessing of wills and other estate planning documents via audio-visual platforms like Zoom, Skype, or FaceTime.
This essay employs a dual Australian-United States perspective to investigate the purposes of traditional will-making requirements and to suggest their continued vitality in the context of remotely witnessed wills. Although emergency measures adopted in both countries arguably have made it easier to execute wills during the pandemic, these provisions will, for the most part, sunset in the near future. The desirability of increasing access to legal services generally, and will-making specifically, might argue in favor of making permanent the pandemic-era rules for will executions. Before embracing a permanent change, though, there needs to be more research. This essay proposes a research agenda comprised of four future empirical studies of pandemic and post-pandemic-era will-making. These studies aim to identify and address any problems with the remote witnessing of testamentary documents. The results of these and other studies can facilitate the development of evidence-based, workable rules for effective will-making in the twenty-first century
The Incubator Investment in Network Events: Does the Business Incubator’s Quality of Programming and Founder Personality Traits Influence Startup Performance?
No full textWith the rise in business incubation and the competition to attract the most promising startups and demonstrate the best startup performance, business incubators are seeking a deeper understanding of the factors that affect performance and advice on where to spend their money. Business incubator directors are open to new models of incubator management that will drive improved outcomes. This dissertation suggests a new model of incubation that takes into consideration the moderating factors that drive greater participation in network events and greater use of the learning from these events to drive improved startup performance. Business startup incubation is a successful proposition that demonstrates that an incubator-supported startup is more likely to fuel economic development and have a better chance of surviving and thriving over the long-term than other startups (Fry, 1987; Kuratko and LaFollette, 1987). While most research supports the proposition that incubators promote greater success in startups, only a few studies have addressed the disparity in the quality of programming and participation in programming at incubators. With the growing number of incubators over the last decade, average spending by incubators is increasing and the variability of the incubator offerings is also increasing. This gives rise to new questions about which incubators provide the best outcomes for success. An important difference between this research and the present literature on business incubation is the emphasis on a new hybrid model of cohort structure, as well as the proposal of other incubator structure approaches to influence event participation, including incubator manager role, cohort culture, and the presence of founder traits of openness and conscientiousness. Absent from existing literature (Mian et al., 2004 and 2006; Malan and Hammarlund, 2002; Aaboen, 2009; Schillitoe and Chakrabarti, 2010), is a study of the element of the network events, which are important for the growth of the startup founder and the success of the startup. It is important to understand the value of these network events and what factors within the startup founder’s traits or the structure of the incubator will drive greater participation in those events and application of those learnings back to the startups. This study finds both empirical and statistical support for the use of network events to drive startup participation. The study also shares empirical feedback around the components of the incubator structure that may continue to drive more effective selection of startup cohort participants, and proposes an incubator model that may support better participation and application for future testing. This research contributes to business incubator literature in several important ways. First, it gives attention to the concept that network events are important program elements within a business incubator to drive participation by a startup founder. Second, it proposes additional selection criteria to consider when evaluating startup founder cohort applicants. In particular, it explores the Big-Five Model of personality traits and openness and conscientiousness trait screening in particular. Third, the model proposes the need for a full-time incubator manager whose primary role is to serve in an advisory capacity and to facilitate the hybrid approach to cohort culture recommended in the new model. Finally, it recommends a hybrid cohort culture model whereby the incubator manager creates a competitive structure to drive participation in network events, but then adjusts the cohort culture structure to collaborative to facilitate greater information sharing across the startups
The Role of Resilience in the Relationship Between Trauma Exposure and the Perceived Efficacy of Psychotherapy
No full textPsychological resilience consists of one’s ability to endure and recover from a perceived hardship or adverse experience within a short period of time (Smith et al., 2008). This doctoral research study aims to examine the influence of an individual’s self-reported level of psychological resilience on the relationship between their exposure to traumatic events and their belief in the efficacy of psychotherapeutic treatment. The relationship between a history of trauma exposure, psychological resilience, and beliefs about the efficacy of outpatient psychotherapy have not been previously explored. It is hypothesized that psychological resilience will mediate the impact of trauma exposure on beliefs about the efficacy of psychotherapy and that there will be a positive relationship between trauma exposure and beliefs about the efficacy of psychotherapy. This study specifically seeks to demonstrate that a history of trauma exposure will be associated with positive beliefs about the efficacy of psychotherapy. Attitudes about the effectiveness of psychotherapy were assessed via the Belief in the Efficacy of Psychotherapy Scale (BEP), self-reported psychological resilience was measured via the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and exposure to traumatic events was examined via the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ) among anonymous, online survey participants. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between trauma exposure and self-reported psychological resilience as well as self-reported psychological resilience and beliefs in the efficacy of psychotherapy. A linear regression analysis was used to investigate the hypothesis that psychological resilience mediates the effect of trauma exposure on the perceived efficacy of psychotherapy. The results of the study did not yield any significant relationships between these variables. Potential moderating and mediating variables that may have impacted the findings of the current study were identified and explored throughout the discussion. Future directions and limitations of the study are addressed, including characteristics of the sample and measurements that may have influenced the current results. Understanding the relationship between trauma exposure, self-reported psychological resilience, and the perceived efficacy of psychotherapy can help inform school and clinical psychologists’ treatment planning efforts. Given the pervasiveness of a history of trauma, further understanding of the development of resilience after trauma exposure is likewise of considerable importance for psychologists working in schools and other pediatric care settings. Informed treatment planning in these settings can provide school age children with a supportive environment in which health care professionals can help mitigate the long-term effects of trauma exposure on resilience functioning