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The Development of young adult literature: The Evolution and the Revolution of YA in the world of publishing.
No full textUs Book Publishing and The Environment: A Compilation and Analysis of Sustainability Efforts in the trade Publishing Industry.
No full textFrom Books To Facebook: How Social Media Became the Biggest and Most Unregulated Publisher of our Time.
No full textYou and I: Parasocial Relationships, Social Media, and Fan Labor in the One Direction Fandom
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the ways in which fans of the band One Direction developed parasocial relationships, or one-sided, non-reciprocal relationships with media personae, through social media marketing, and to explore the economic implications of these relationships in terms of fans’ free promotional labor. At the heart of social media marketing is relationship marketing, or attracting and maintaining customer relationships, a strategy we explore here within the context of the music industry. Previous studies have explored the dynamics of online fan communities, or fandoms, and the free labor they carry out on the part of an artist, such as creating original content and organizing marketing campaigns—work that is typically done by salaried industry professionals. This study aims to understand how parasocial relationships motivate fans to do such work, and whether or not they see free labor as an issue of exploitation. A content analysis of the One Direction Twitter account and a prominent fan account was conducted to better understand the band’s marketing efforts, and interviews with fans of the band were carried out in order to explore their experiences with parasocial relationships and fan labor. This study found that the One Direction Twitter account seemed to encourage fans to perform promotional labor indirectly through relationship marketing tactics, and that the fan account worked to not only actively promote the band’s products, but keep their thousands of followers emotionally and financially invested in the band. It was also found that fans’ parasocial relationships were cultivated through social media, and these relationships were a motivating factor in fans’ willingness to perform promotional labor. Regarding the issue of exploitation, however, the ambivalence of fans was clear: fans wanted to perform promotional labor to support the band, yet they also recognized, to a certain extent, that this labor was valuable and was potentially exploited
Transgendering Viewers of Television
Get PDFIn response to the growing number of transgender characters on television, I explored how witnessing transgender representation on television is associated with an increase in viewers’ knowledge about the trans community, their empathy and understanding for the trans community, and their likelihood to advocate for the trans community. I hypothesized that witnessing trans representation on television is associated with greater understanding and empathy for the trans community, knowledge about trans experiences, and motivation to advocate for the trans community. The trans community specifically is becoming more visible thanks to television shows like Fox’s Pose. Gender and gender identity frameworks are nuanced but necessary for understanding and discussing the implications for representation of transgender people. In my research, I investigated in a multi-part survey questionnaire with 64 participants, completing various extents of it. The survey explored how viewing media with transgender representation was associated with participants’ self-reported takeaways from watching. From the responses, I gained insight as to how watching this representation was associated with participants’ responses to questions, which I designed to investigate the variables of interest to my hypothesis. I found there was significant positive associations between viewers’ amounts of trans representation watched overall and their reported greater levels of education and understanding about the trans community from watching. These greater levels of education and understanding from watching were significantly, positively associated with greater levels of willingness to advocate for the trans community and act in support of it with pronoun usage from watching. The results of this study have reaching implications about the associations between watching transgender representation on television viewer takeaways and greater levels of understanding for this community. From this we can understand how the increase in transgender representation in television may impact and continue to impact audience members
Addressing Correlations Between Gender-Based Violence and Climate Change: An Expanded Role for International Climate Change Law and Education for Sustainable Development
Get PDFLocal Land Use Power: Managing Human Settlements to Mitigate Climate Change
Get PDFLocal land use law has evolved into a flexible and powerful technique for achieving sustainable development. This Article, adapted from Chapter 3 of Choosing to Succeed: Land Use Law & Climate Control (ELI Press 2021), looks at the authority and strategies that enable municipalities to lower their carbon footprint. It describes and analyzes many methods, both traditional and innovative, to use the power of local governments to reshape human settlements to mitigate climate change. The Article demonstrates that land use regulation can be retooled to greatly reduce or capture urban carbon emissions, and posits that mitigation efforts can lead to significant adaptation benefits, linking the two components of climate change management
Advancing Fundamental Principles Through Doctrine and Practice: Comments on Darryl Robinson, Justice in Extreme Cases
Get PDFI am honored to comment on Darryl Robinson\u27s terrific new book which makes an extraordinary contribution to the literature on international criminal law (ICL). Already an admirer of Robinson\u27s work, I learned a lot from reading his book and find his approach convincing. Broadly speaking, there is not much, if anything, on which I disagree with Robinson. I share his criticisms of international criminal tribunal reasoning. I welcome the call for greater attention to deontic considerations. I agree on the importance of the fundamental principles that Robinson identifies, and I also agree that justifying these principles does not require consensus on moral foundations. At the same time, his analysis raises complex questions about the interpretation, application, and practical significance of these fundamental principles for a project focused on the reform of ICL. It is these questions that are the focus of my comments.
One of the great contributions of Robinson\u27s book is the attention he devotes to justifying and defending fundamental principles that are often taken for granted or treated casually. Robinson makes a compelling case that international tribunal case law must take greater account of deontic considerations, and the jurisprudence would benefit from a careful reading of Robinson\u27s work. A more difficult question concerns the practical implications for doctrinal substance. Three complications, in particular, come to mind. One concerns the relationship between published judicial reasoning and the resulting doctrinal decisions. Another concerns the contested interpretation and understanding of the fundamental principles. The third concerns the limitations of formal doctrine as a vehicle to vindicate fundamental principles. I elaborate upon these concerns through consideration of three modes of individual responsibility that have proven controversial in ICL: joint criminal enterprise (JCE), aiding and abetting, and command responsibility.
Robinson himself devotes substantial attention only to the third of these doctrines, but all three raise problems that benefit from the framework that Robinson provides. Hence, my purpose in discussing JCE and aiding and abetting alongside command responsibility is not primarily to debate Robinson\u27s own conclusions about those topics but instead to consider the implications of his broader approach for some of the most contested questions of substantive ICL
