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Adapting to a 4°C World
Get PDFThe Paris Agreement\u27s goal to hold warming to 1.5°-2°C above pre-industrial levels now appears unrealistic. Profs. Robin Kundis Craig and J.B. Ruhl have recently argued that because a 4°C world may be likely, we must recognize the disruptive consequences of such a world and respond by reimagining governance structures to meet the challenges of adapting to it. In this latest in a biannual series of essays, they and other members of the Environmental Law Collaborative explore what 4°C might mean for a variety of current legal doctrines, planning policies, governance structures, and institutions
Describing the Experience of Electronic Cigarette Use Among Traditional Undergraduate College Students Who Self-Report Feelings of Anxiety
No full textObjective: To describe electronic cigarette use among undergraduate college students who self-report feelings of anxiety.Background: Electronic cigarette use, and anxiety are increasing among undergraduate college students. Limited studies have been conducted on electronic cigarette use among college students who self-report feelings of anxiety. Describing the experience of electronic cigarette use and feelings of anxiety will advance our understanding of the phenomenon of electronic cigarette use in this age group. This is particularly important since this group is at increased risk for addiction and mental health disorders, contributing to adverse health consequences. Research Design: A qualitative descriptive study using the Roy Adaptation Model as the theoretical framework explored the phenomenon.Setting: One medium-sized private university with two campuses on the east coast of the United States.Methods: Purposive sampling was used to identify participants who met the study inclusion criteria, which included full-time undergraduate students between 18 and 25 who are proficient in English, self-reported feelings of anxiety, and used electronic cigarettes with nicotine. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, smoking status questionnaire, self-report feelings of anxiety questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview guide.Procedure: Interviews were conducted via ZOOM and recorded. Transcripts were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s (1994) framework for qualitative content analysis. Categories, subcategories, and themes were identified. Trustworthiness was established by addressing the credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability of the study results
Interpretation of Excitatory and Suppressor Scales: Can they be re-captured on the MMPI-A-RF?
No full textConcepts of excitatory (4, 8, 9) and suppressor (2, 5, 0) scales have been used in the interpretation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent Version (MMPI-A, Butcher, Williams, Graham, Archer, Tellegen, Ben-Porath, & Kaemmer, 1992) concerning the prediction of delinquent and acting out behaviors. Due to the elimination of scales 0 and 5 from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality InventoryAdolescent - Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF; Archer, Handel, Ben-Porath, & Tellegen, 2016), and changes in item content on the MMPI-A-RF RC scales (2, 4, 8, 9), the applicability of these concepts for MMPI-A-RF interpretation is uncertain. The current study explored the possibility of employing such concepts with the MMPI-A-RF. Specifically, an Excitatory scale and Suppressor scale were created from items on the MMPI-A-RF. These newly created scales were tested for internal reliability and validity with the excitatory and suppressor scales on the MMPI-A and the Externalizing and Internalizing scales on the Youth Self-Report (YSR; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). The sample included 4,109 adolescents, ages 13 to 18, who were referred for psychological assessment in an inpatient hospital setting. The findings indicate adequate reliability for the Excitatory and Suppressor scales. The Excitatory scale had convergent validity with all related scales. For the Suppressor scale, all related scales had convergent validity. Further, the Excitatory and Suppressor scales made unique contributions separate from other scales on the MMPI-A-RF in assessing acting out behavior and internalizingbehavior on the YSR
What Lies Beneath: USMCA Chapter 24 and Sub-National Governance of Environmental Issues
Get PDFThis article examines the sub-national governance issues existing in the USMCA through the lens of environmental law and regulation in each of the three State Parties. It asserts that the governance gaps created by failing to include the terms of sub-national laws in the express parameters of the USMCA are significant and can pose a challenge to the successful implementation of the Agreement now and into the future. The decision to focus on the USMCA regime was made because of the recent timing of its negotiation, the many efforts made by all sides to incorporate critical non-trade issues into the main text of the Agreement, and the federal governance structures used in all three State Parties. In the USMCA context, environmental issues represent both an emerging area of law and policy, notably in the context of pollution and climate change responses, and one which was carried over from NAFTA
Infrastructure Development and Gentrification: A Case Study of the 2017 Q Line Extension in New York City
Get PDFAn examination of the 2017 Q Line subway extension in New York City and the potential causal relationship between its implementation and rental rates and gentrification in the surrounding area. Analysis of data covering the timeframe from 2007 to 2019 allows for utilization of OLS regression to determine if the area subject to the implementation experienced a change in rental rates and instigation of gentrification afterward compared to areas that were not subject to the implementation. Results indicate a decrease in rental rates (and by extent, no instigation of gentrification) in the area subject to the extension after it was implemented. The current recommendation is to continue developing infrastructure in pursuit of maximum economic growth/efficiency. Potential future research lies in the analysis of other infrastructure projects in other geographies utilizing similar methods as done here
Playing Together: A Call for Multiple Stakeholders to Reduce Exclusionary and Harsh Discipline for Young BICOC with Disabilities
Get PDFPunitive disciplinary actions deny Black, Indigenous,2 Children of Color (BICOC) with disabilities from access to meaningful instruction and increase their risks for truancy, dropping out, and incarceration. At the intersection of race, disability, and discipline, this paper is a call to action for research and practices that bring together stakeholders and co-constructed, local solutions to exclusionary disciplinary practices affecting BICOC with disabilities. Specifically, we assert that efforts to reduce disproportionately racist responses to the challenging behaviors of young BICOC with disabilities (birth through age 8) cannot be solved with a single intervention strategy or simplistic approaches. Instead, we highlight the critical shortage of research that centers the knowledge and experiences of BIPOC communities, families and early childhood populations. We provide implications for practices that specifically highlight anti-racist and anti-ableist framings in schools
Social Emotional Learning in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Get PDFInterventions for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often focus on reducing negative behaviors or increasing the frequency of positive behaviors. Little discussion, however, focuses on the underlying mental health and developmental factors or ancillary skill deficits that may be contributing to problem behaviors. With social emotional standards built into the educational system, schools are uniquely positined to provide social emotional support and instruction to students with disabilities, especially children with ASD. Often, Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) of preschool and early elementary school children with ASD focus on state academic standards rather than the social-emotional needs often associated with the underlying core symptoms of ASD that are the true driver of “educational need” in the school setting. This manuscript provides a framework for incorporating social emotional learning (SEL) goals into the IEPs of young children with ASD. The family- school partnership approach, including effective relational (i.e., communication, collaboration, parent-teacher relationship/alliance) and structural (i.e., behavioral supports, home-based involvement) components (Sheridan et al., 2019) will be emphasized to meet the mental health and developmental needs of children with ASD via pivotal SEL goals across home and school environments. We conclude with a case study of the COMPASS parent-teacher consultation intervention for improving SEL outcomes through shared parent-teacher decision making and collaboration for SEL goal selection, individualized intervention planning, teacher coaching, and outcomes-based monitoring
Contextualizing Menopause in the Law
Get PDF“It is horrendous, but then it’s magnificent,” says one character about menopause in an episode of the 2019 Netflix comedy Fleabag. Her younger interlocutor is incredulous at this proclamation. That younger character, and even the audience, may be somewhat taken aback by this frank discussion. After all, menopause is not a subject that is commonly discussed, let alone praised. Whether among friends, acquaintances, or colleagues (fictional or not), silence about menopause is more likely the norm. This is true in the law, too. The law mostly ignores menopause.
The law’s silence about menopause is linked to a broader cultural silence about the inevitable consequences of the aging process. It is also linked to longstanding silence and stigma around the menstrual cycle. A growing menstrual advocacy movement, however, has begun to chip away at stigmas and shame surrounding menstruation, in the course of pursuing policy and legal changes that make menstrual products more affordable and available. This Article imagines a role for the law in addressing challenges faced by those transitioning to menopause, whether in the workplace or beyond.
In order to explore how the law should ensure that menopause is not an obstacle to full participation in public life by all people, this Article situates its discussion of menopause in a broader context: the socio-legal treatment of pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menstruation. By viewing the four reproduction-associated conditions or processes together, rather than in silos, it is possible to discern a hierarchy of favorable treatment, with breastfeeding and pregnancy at the top, trailed by menstruation, and with menopause at the bottom. The Article also highlights a connective thread across these processes, which is that the law’s abnormal/normal binary maps uneasily onto each of them.
Ultimately, the Article argues that the law should move beyond individual one-off accommodations for “abnormal” manifestations of these conditions and instead recognize the broad spectrum of what can be considered “normal” experiences. Such an approach challenges the abnormal/normal dichotomy and is necessarily part of a larger scholarly dialogue that challenges binary thinking about gender and disability. By chipping away at the stigma surrounding menopause, this Article seeks for menopause a socio-legal solicitude equal to the one that exists for breastfeeding and pregnancy and that is beginning to emerge for menstruation