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Universal Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Screeners for Preschool Students: A Systematic Review
Get PDFSocial, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) screening is an essential component of multi-tiered systems for supporting students’ social-emotional development. SEB screening facilitates early identification and intervention for individual students and may be used to evaluate population-level response to universal positive behavior supports and social-emotional learning programs. Although school-based SEB screening research is common, the majority of studies have focused on screening tools for use with students in K-12 settings. The current study expands upon prior research to systematically review research on school-based teacher-report SEB screening tools for students in preschool. Results indicated 17 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2008-2019, which evaluated 6 teacher-report SEB screening tools with preschool populations. All 17 (100%) research studies evaluated the technical adequacy of the screening tools and 1 (5.9%) research study explicitly evaluated aspects of usability and provided novel data to support usability. Results indicate a need to continue to evaluate the technical adequacy of preschool SEB screening tools and to place more explicit focus on evaluating the usability of the tools
Non-Debt and Non-Bank Financing For Home Purchase: Promises and Risks
Get PDFThis Article explores the phenomenon of the NDNBs in home purchase and finance that has gained a growing presence in the mortgage marketplace since the 2008 crisis. Part II offers a deeper discussion of the risk-prone practices leading to the 2008 housing crisis and the regulatory and industry responses for recovery. Parts III and IV describe the emerging new models of home purchase. Part IV explores some of the apparent and hidden risks in these transactions. Part VI concludes with suggestions for assessing and managing risks and for reforms
FDA as Food System Stewards
Get PDFThe Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) is one of the primary regulators of the U.S. food system, yet it all but ignores the food system\u27s vast environmental footprint. Although the agency is not technically an environmental agency, it could and should view redressing the food system\u27s significant environmental footprint as part of its health and safety mission. In this Article, we review FDA\u27s history of National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”) compliance. This history affirms our hypothesis that FDA does not view its own work as environmental. The review, along with assessment of some of FDA\u27s core food programs, reveals that FDA\u27s failure to act as an environmental agency follows from three conceptual mistakes. First, it focuses its safety mission around product safety, discounting safety related to production and disposal. Second, it approaches risk assessment on a product-by-product basis, missing the cumulative and synergistic effects of production, consumption, and disposal. Finally, it orients its work solely toward promoting individual health, disregarding population-level health. We argue that FDA should be a proactive environmental steward of the food system. We describe how it might use NEPA to begin such a transformation, and we identify a variety of areas where its existing substantive authority leaves room for incorporation of environmental goals. Throughout the Article, we return frequently to plastic packaging. The environmental threats of plastic packaging have become increasingly clear and FDA\u27s power to regulate plastics as “food contact substances” provides an important opportunity to mitigate those harms. We also assess opportunities for change in FDA\u27s authority over food additives, animal drugs, and food labeling. We conclude by observing that many environmental problems require widespread collaboration to solve. Given the well-recognized, pressing need for action on a variety of environmental fronts, every federal agency has a role to play. This analysis of how FDA might embrace a role as a robust steward of the food system offers a roadmap for other non-environmental agencies to participate meaningfully in these endeavors
Mutually Intelligible Principles?
Get PDFAre the nondelegation, major questions, and political question doctrines mutually intelligible? This article asks whether there is more than superficial resemblance between the nondelegation, major questions, and political question concepts in Wayman v. Southard, 23 U.S. (10 Wheat.) 1 (1825), an early nondelegation case that has become focal in recent nondelegation and major questions scholarship and jurisprudence. I argue that the nondelegation and political question doctrines do interact conceptually in Wayman, though not as current proponents of the nondelegation doctrine on the Supreme Court seem to understand it. The major questions doctrine by contrast conscripts the nondelegation concept while overwriting its relationship with elements of the political question doctrine. In West Virginia v. EPA, 142 S. Ct. 2587 (2022), Justice Neil Gorsuch and his adherents have, in effect, subverted key aspects of Chief Justice John Marshall’s reasoning in Wayman while outwardly relying upon it to claim legitimacy. I conclude that faithfully reading Wayman urges a political question rationale for lower courts to decline to reach the merits of major questions and nondelegation challenges in the wake of West Virgini
Caregiver Attitudes Toward Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools transitioned to incorporating or relying solely on remote learning for the transmission of education. As a result of the widespread use of remote learning, there is a need to investigate its varied impact on children and caregivers. The current study attempted to address gaps in research regarding the association between caregiver attitudes toward remote learning and the various socioeconomic aspects that contribute to child and caregiver well being. This study examined caregiver attitudes toward remote learning and their reported ability to assist in their child\u27s learning given their access to resources (i.e.,inaccessibility to technology) as well as their own and their child(ren)\u27s wellbeing. Grounded theory coding resulted in the following overarching theme used to conceptualize the interview data: Levels of Caregiver Stress and anxiety are Ameliorated by Effective School Support andCOVID-19 Protocols. The overarching theme captures how influential a caregiver\u27s perception of support and safety (COVID protocols) can be on the success of remote learning. Results from this research will more broadly inform how the transition to and from remote learning impacted caregiver and child stress and how schools and communities can provide informed support for their students and caregivers
Tap Dance as a Nonverbal Language for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Get PDFThrough elements of sound and movement, tap dance employs rhythm as a universal language for nonverbal communication through the medium of music. Through three distinct but related elements, (a literature review, an artist’s statement, and a performance piece), this thesis will explore tap dance as a form of nonverbal language. For individuals with autism spectrum disorder, tap dance may help to achieve further attunement with themselves and the outside world. Due to autistic people’s impaired communicative, interactional, and skilled abilities, experiencing the relationships formed through tap dance may facilitate improvement. The literature review begins with a brief definition of nonverbal communication, followed by a history of tap dance as nonverbal communication used in African slave culture. Following, I explore how tap dance and tap dance therapy can create synchronicity in an autistic person through the study of full body attunement, where music and movement can be used as tools for personal excavation. By digging deeper into my past and present selves, the process of personal excavation has helped me take off layers that have restricted me my whole life. My work showcases how within the synonymous relationship of sound and movement, communication can grow past prior limitations, thereby creating more therapeutic outlets for the autistic community. Studying communication in interpersonal relationships, rhythm in life, and the mind, body, and soul of neurodivergence generates broader ways of discussing tap dance as a nonverbal language for autism spectrum disorder
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Collegiate Dance Majors at Pace University
Get PDFThis thesis will explore the various adaptations dance majors at Pace University were required to make to their training during the shift to remote learning due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, beginning in March of 2020. Prior to universities moving to a completely remote learning environment as a result of COVID-19, collegiate-level dance had never been taught through an online platform. Because of this, dancers needed to shift the way in which they were training for this extended period of time. To begin my research on this topic, I first collected various scholarly articles and journal entries that related to the topic of online learning at the collegiate level to understand the relationship students have with learning remotely. However, the current research lacked information regarding the perspective of the dancer during remote learning for such a significant amount of time; therefore I needed to conduct my own research to discover this. To do so, I administered an anonymous survey to current and former dance majors at Pace University (between the classes of 2021 and 2024). I asked these students various questions relating to their personal experience with remote learning as a dance major, the adaptations they were forced to make to their training, and which aspects of this learning period they personally found successful or unsuccessful. The overall goal of this thesis is to determine the various effects a period of remote learning would have on a dancer at the collegiate level, and to further explore the individual perspective of dancers who experienced this type of training firsthand to understand how successful or unsuccessful they personally felt their remote learning experience was. Through this research, discussions can be raised on how to better plan for a remote learning scenario in the future, should dancers be forced to strictly remote training again
A PACT for the Future: Improving Animal Protection Legislation for Captive Orcas
Get PDFUsing SeaWorld as a case study, this Note will argue that existing federal and state legislation fails to protect captive orcas from cruel and harmful treatment while in captivity.
Part I of this Note will address the gaps in federal and state animal welfare and cruelty legislation relevant to captive orcas. Part II will discuss the enactment of the Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act of 2019 (“PACT Act”), the first federal animal cruelty statute. Part III will use SeaWorld as a case study to test the effectiveness of the PACT Act in criminalizing animal cruelty at the federal level. Finally, Part IV will discuss ways in which Congress could amend the PACT Act or use it as a model for a more comprehensive federal animal cruelty statute and include protections for animals suffering cruel and inhumane treatment in captivity