9150 research outputs found
Sort by
Improving Recommendations from the UN\u27s Universal Periodic Review: A Case Study on Domestic Abuse in the UK
Get PDFHailed as an international human rights innovation, the UN Human Rights Council’s Universal Periodic Review (“UPR”) is a peer-review mechanism that assesses the protection and promotion of human rights in all 193 UN Member States, including intergovernmental and civil society input. Importantly, within the UPR, other Member States provide recommendations to each state under review on how it can improve human rights on the ground. States can decide to accept or note recommendations and should then go on to implement those that are accepted. The recommendations are a fundamental part of the UPR process, yet they are not always formulated in a way that leads to positive change. Using the case study of domestic abuse in the UK, this article seeks to add to the current literature through an analysis of the formulation of UPR recommendations, providing five practical suggestions for how recommendations can be improved to ensure action is taken on the ground: (1) use consistent terminology, (2) be specific when discussion aspects of violence against women and girls, (3) UPR recommendations should be fluid and adapt to the changing human rights landscape, (4) utilize recommendations provided by civil society organizations in their stakeholder submissions, and (5) consider applying an intersectional approach when making recommendations
Pink Tax and Other Tropes
Get PDFLaw reform advocates should be strategic in deploying tax tropes. Through an examination of five common tax phrases—the “nanny tax,” “death tax,” “soda tax,” “Black tax,” and “pink tax”—this Article demonstrates that tax rhetoric is more likely to influence law when used to describe specific economic injustices resulting from actual government duties, as opposed to figurative inequalities. In comparison, slogans describing figurative taxes are less likely to influence law and human behavior, even if they have descriptive force in both popular and academic literature as a short-hand for group-based disparities. This Article catalogues and evaluates what makes for effective tax talk, in terms of impact on both the law and day-to-day actions on the ground. With this roadmap, lawyers, policy makers and others will be able make more forceful and precise tax-based arguments aimed at reforming the law and changing human behavior.
This Article makes three principal claims—one descriptive, one empirical, and one normative. The Article first develops a taxonomy of tax phrases, based on the object of critique. The classification distinguishes between criticisms of compulsory formal levies, on the one hand, and burdens or oppressions that are akin to taxes, on the other. The taxonomy also notes some differences among tax tropes based on their linguistic form. Some phrases deploy a single word modifier for “tax” (like “nanny,” “death,” or “soda”) to signify a larger relationship, event, or transaction that is subject to taxation. Other phrases use a single-word modifier for “tax” (like “Black” or “pink”) that is strongly associated with the persons subject to taxation.
The Article next engages in a content analysis of multiple data sets of printed popular and scholarly literature to compare the relative “success” of the phrases “nanny tax,” “death tax,” “soda tax,” “Black tax,” and “pink tax” in terms of frequency of use, links to legal reform, and impacts on taxpayer behavior. The resulting preliminary hypothesis is that tax tropes that deploy suggestive modifiers to describe literal taxes are more effective than those that allude to identity axes associated with figurative taxes.
Given the particular variability of the “pink tax” trope, the Article turns to normative recommendations for how gender equality advocates might rethink use of that phrase in particular. The “pink tax” is useful as an overarching description of related manifestations of gender inequality: the gender wage gap, gender-based pricing differences in consumer goods or services, disproportionate expenses incurred by a large portion of the population for safe travel or to maintain stereotypically “feminine” appearances, and unequal time burdens experienced by those responsible for households or caregiving. But only one manifestation of the “pink tax,” as a description for the state sales tax on menstrual products, has been well served by a tax shorthand phrase. “Tampon tax” talk has fueled litigation and advocacy efforts; it has led to sales tax reform in least ten jurisdictions, with more states expected to follow. Indeed, “pink tax” rhetoric describing figurative taxes might not, on its own, lead directly to legal change. For that reason, at least when arguing for law reform, gender equality advocates should not over-rely on “pink tax” talk and figurative tax tropes
Resilience and Willingness to Forgive Infidelity: An Examination of the Relationship by Type of Infidelity, Attitudes Toward Infidelity, and Relationship Investment
No full textThe study aimed to examine whether an individual’s resilience predicts willingness to forgive an infidelity. The association was moderated by the typology of infidelity (sexual, emotional, technological, solitary), attitudes toward infidelity, and relationship investment. Three hundred and eighty individuals in a committed relationship for at least one year who had experienced an act of infidelity in the past five years were surveyed. Although the hypotheses were not supported, two significant findings opposite from the researcher’s predictions did emerge. Individuals with higher resilience reported reduced willingness to forgive an infidelity. Attitudes toward infidelity moderated the relationship between levels of resilience and willingness to forgive infidelity. Type of infidelity and relationship investment did not have a significant impact on resilience and willingness to forgive. Keywords: infidelity, resilience, forgiveness, relationship investmen
The Mental Side-Effects of Commercial Dance
Get PDFThis research evaluates the spectrum between mental adversities and mental triumphs that commercial dancers face within the four professional settings of auditions, training, rehearsals, and performances. As a senior commercial dance major at Pace University, I have found myself in many facets of the dance industry within my four years of higher education wondering how certain environments either took away or fueled my love for dance. I sought to conduct a Qualtrics survey that was completed by college dance majors and professional dancers expressing their experiences of the positive and negative connotations of the mental grit that is required of this art form. This study aims to initiate a conversation about what is truly asked of professional dancers in their industry and how it affects their passion and love for dance. Responses from the survey illustrate personal experiences within the settings of auditions, training, rehearsals, and performances as well as acknowledging the presence of stress that accompanies this profession. It is valuable knowledge that needs to be shared to contribute to the transparency of a career in the performing arts
Towards a Practical Behavior Analytic Multitiered Consultation Model for Early Childhood Educators
Get PDFEarly childhood educators are in a critical position to support young children’s social-emotional, behavioral, and learning development, which can be accomplished through consistent use of evidence-based practices delivered in day-to-day interactions. However, early childhood educators may require support for implementing evidence-based practices. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel form of behavioral consultation for early childhood educators. Specifically, a behavior analytic multitiered consultation model in which implementation supports become increasingly more intensive is described. Rationale, implementation, evidence-base, and implications for practice and research are described. Finally, this paper concludes with an empirical case study to illustrate this model’s implementation. This paper is also meant to serve as a call-to-action for researchers and practitioners to replicate this consultation model
Universal Screening in Early Childhood Populations: A Systematic Review
Get PDFEarly childhood is an important period for the development of social, emotional and behavioral (SEB) skills. Deficits in these skills often lead to negative outcomes; thus, early identification is essential for the provision of services. Unfortunately, only a fraction of students with deficits are identified and receive services. One cause of this is the methods used to identify students, such as teacher nominations which do not identify all students in need (Dowdy et al., 2013). Proactive practices, such as universal screening, are a more systematic way of identification. The purpose of this review was to examine commonly used early childhood screeners and their evidence base, effectiveness, and the feasibility and accessibility of their use in early childhood settings. This critical review analysed 18 screeners using Southam-Gerow & Prinstein’s (2014) review criteria for evidence-based treatments and a technical adequacy rubric based on Glover and Albers’ (2007) considerations for evaluating universal screening assessments. Of the 18 screening tools reviewed, four screeners are highly recommended based on their technical adequacy and usability within early childhood settings. These results highlight the need for further research in the evaluation of early childhood universal screeners
“Will you help me with my homework?”: A Case Use of Visual Methodologies in Research with (Deaf) Children
Get PDFThis is an analysis of a qualitative study and the visually compelling methodology that aimed to create child-friendly/child-inclusive research conducted with deaf children. The researcher engaged in one-on-one and focus group interviews with young deaf children, ages 6 to 12 years old, in signing, deaf schools around the United States. The methodology employed a combination of videos, pictures, and modeling to portray the abstract concept of “research” and participation in research as a means to informed consent and to engage children in the task of considering personal reflections compared to others’ experiences. This article reviews techniques applied and the resulting effect, explicit and implicit, on data generation. The resulting discussion from this study of method provides implications and a recommendation on the implementation of visual-verbal assent in future research with children, specifically deaf children
The Importance of Early Number Concepts for Learning Mathematics in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Get PDFThis chapter discusses important background knowledge and research findings from a variety of disciplines that inform best practices for supporting optimal mathematical achievement in all children. First, discussion will begin with the importance of early numeracy for later academic outcomes, and why prioritization of instruction time and early intervention are needed to increase the likelihood of a strong foundation in numeracy. Second, a brief overview of numeracy development milestones will provide a basis for discussion of our central thesis: language experiences can impact numerical cognition, which then have a significant impact on academic outcomes. Third, given the importance of numeracy skills in academic outcomes, we describe pedagogical trends that are likely to support the development of numerical cognition. This discussion will justify language remediation, increased mathematics talk, and visual-spatial representation as key goals for early intervention programs. Finally, we offer some future directions of research that will further account for underlying mechanisms of numeracy development in very young and preschool-aged children
Aa Tax National Anthem
Get PDFThis essay provides concluding comments on the articles published in the Pittsburgh Tax Review in connection with the American Tax Policy Institute’s 2023 Symposium, “The Federal Income Tax: Racially Blind But Not Racially Neutral.” Interspersed with lines from Ada Limón’s poem “The New National Anthem,” this commentary argues that the contributors to the Symposium are engaged in a project similar to Limón’s: critiquing the familiar, pointing out what is hidden (sometimes in plain sight), and formulating a vision for a just and inclusive future. As the speaker of Limón’s poem embraces the flag as a symbol of hope, the authors of these articles have hope in the tax law, too. Although they write separately, the Symposium contributors together have authored a Tax National Anthem: a statement of values and aspirations, a call to understanding fair taxation as a cornerstone of racial justice