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An International SOS (Save Our Sharks): How the International Legal Framework Should Be Used to Save Our Sharks
Get PDFThe purpose of this Article is to shed light on the plight on sharks in international and domestic waters. An estimated 100 million sharks are killed every year. The cruel and wasteful practice of shark finning is responsible for a large portion of those killings. Shark fins are the most valuable part of the shark, because they are used as the key ingredient – and namesake – in an Asian delicacy known as “shark fin soup.” This Article opens with background information on the dire situation sharks are facing in our oceans, and how the depletion of these top predators from the oceans has a drastic effect on the delicate balance of the marine ecosystem. Next, the Article examines on approaches to curb shark finning taken by the United States, European Union, and China and Hong Kong. Then the Article moves to a focus on the international legal framework for protecting sharks, specifically focusing on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This Article concludes with an analysis of how the current legal framework is insufficient to provide the necessary protection for sharks and examines what more can be done
Media Literacy and Girl Empowerment: The Midriff, Lolita and the Pseudo Empowered
Get PDFThis thesis explores the cooptation of authentic girl power by mainstream media designed to sell normative sexuality, consumption practices and a pseudo empowered self. It explores the sexualization of girls in the media and girls’ educational and community engagement with media in the context of empowerment. From an expansive feminist and girls’ studies foundation this project seeks to emphasize the importance of media literacy for girls and aims to address the gap in feminist scholarship on media literacy and educational programming for girls’ empowerment. The thesis examines and connects women’s studies literatures, Rosalind Gills’ Midriff Theory and Gigi Durham’s notion of the Lolita Effect, to ultimately contribute to the feminist legacy of blending theory with practice; the synthesized findings of this project offer a developed curriculum for girl-centered organizations on media literacy and empowerment
Incorporating NY Land Banks into the Delinquent Property Tax Enforcement Processes
Get PDFThis article argues that New York municipalities should integrate land banks into the tax enforcement process to break the unhealthy cycle perpetuated by real estate and lien speculators. By transferring all tax liens and foreclosed properties to local land banks, municipalities can generate an important funding source that will help cover land banks\u27 operations while simultaneously maximizing land banks\u27 ability to reinvest lien proceeds and equity into redeveloping or demolishing properties with little or no value. If New York municipalities use their Land Bank Act powers fully, local and regional land bank efforts can become a vital tools for planning and implementing community revitalization programs
Understanding School Psychologists\u27 Role Identities Through ADHD Related Practices
No full textSchool psychologists are trained and expected to assume a wide variety of roles when functioning within the school system. From traditional roles involving assessment, intervention, and consultation practices, to more emerging roles utilizing data-driven approaches, school psychologists are equipped to work with students with a diversity of difficulties, such as those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).^ While previous research has identified the variety and frequency of practices school psychologists engage in when interacting with ADHD students, the present study attempted to take a new approach in organizing this information to better understand role identities and their external correlates. In order to examine school psychologists\u27 identified roles, members from the New York Association of School Psychologists (NYASP) completed a survey assessing their beliefs about school psychologists\u27 involvement in working with children with ADHD. ^ Utilizing a latent class analysis (LCA), results indicated that three distinct role identities emerged from the survey data: 1) primary assessment role, 2) broad practice role, and 3) standard role. To better understand the characteristics of these roles, emergent classes were then compared on the basis of reported demographic, employment setting, job satisfaction, and practice discrepancy information. Limitations of the present study, directions for future research, and implications for the field of school-clinical child psychology were discussed.
Strategic Homogeneity in Industries and the Diffusion of Corporate Social Practices
No full textThis corporate social responsibility (CSR) research analyzes the effect of strategic homogeneity on the diffusion of corporate social practices (CSP) over a period of twenty consecutive years. The external environment defined in terms of three factors including munificence, complexity, and dynamism is considered to affect the relationship between strategic homogeneity and the diffusion of CSP on the industry level. Similar beliefs about types of CSP are expected to result in similar responses to CSR agendas, and members of a homogenous industry are likely to adopt similar practices. Thus, this study tested the effect of strategic homogeneity on the level of variety of CSP. The relationship between variety of CSP and diffusion of CSP was examined based on the notion that the institutionalization of socially responsible activities creates bandwagon effects that may lead to higher levels of CSP and to greater prevalence of similar practices. The statistical results substantiate the hypothesis that strategic homogeneity has a positive effect on the diffusion of CSP, and that this relationship is moderated by munificence, complexity, and dynamism. Strategic homogeneity was statistically significant in decreasing the variety of CSP and the results support the proposition that industries with similar strategies tend to implement similar socially responsible activities. Variety of CSP was found to have a negative effect on diffusion of CSP supporting the proposition that conformity in corporate social activities within industries leads to higher levels of diffusion of CSP. Lastly, the mediating effect of variety of CSP on the relationship between strategic homogeneity and diffusion of CSP was tested confirming partial mediation. The implications of this study indicate that strategic factors are determinants of the level of CSR adoption and the type of CSP chosen by industries
Social Media and the Internet: A Story of Privatization
Get PDFThis article will question what role private and public actors assume in the current structure of data collection and what potential rights are violated. To tease out the relationship between the private and government sectors, this article, for sake of argument, accepts as fact that surveillance is a core government function and that data is a public resource collected by private organizations. While those assumptions may be challenged by different definitions of what constitutes a public function, public resource, or mode of collection, this article does not take on those challenges. It also does not ask the normative question of whether data collection should cease or the descriptive inquiry of whether data collection could even be halted if the public wanted it to be.
Rather, this article simply examines the structure surrounding data collection in terms of privatization, and asks whether certain legal doctrines may be triggered, including the Fourth Amendment. To do so, this article will first set out a definition of a privatization and use the military as an example. In Section II, the article will then engage in a short history of the Internet to show how electronic data collection was a core government function later “privatized” by Silicon Valley corporations. Section III will then explain how this dynamic between private and public oversight raises Fourth Amendment concerns. Finally, the Conclusion will then set out suggestions for the future, including a potential justification for new privacy rights