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Assessing the impact of structural and interpersonal gendered racism on sexual and reproductive healthcare among U.S. Women of Color
Full text linkNEUROINCLUSION IN WORKPLACE: LEVERAGING THE POWER OF COGNITIVE DIVERSITY AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Full text linkEnvironmental Tax Incentives: Lessons from the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (So Far)
Full text linkIn 2022, the United States enacted the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”), which President Biden touted as the most significant action the U.S. Congress has ever taken on clean energy and climate change. It is the primary governmental effort taken to date in furtherance of the United States’s commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (“GHGs”) under the Paris Climate Agreement. The primary tools used by the IRA are tax incentives, implemented through changes to the Tax Code that expand existing tax credits and, in some cases, create new ones. An additional important feature of the IRA is the introduction of a transferability mechanism for many of the tax credits. Of course, the IRA tax credits do not operate in a vacuum but are instead part of a larger pre-existing (and continuously evolving) regulatory framework. Thus, the IRA introduced a series of tax “carrots” focused on lowering the cost of investment in GHG reducing technologies against a background of regulatory “sticks.” However, only very limited and sporadic attempts at using tax “sticks”, such as a carbon tax, have ever caught on in the United States, despite the fact that numerous economists and policy makers believe such tools may be necessary to meaningfully reduce GHG emissions. Early evidence suggests that the environmentally-related tax credits of the IRA will be effective in reducing emissions to an extent—indicating that such tax incentives can be an effective policy tool. However, this paper also acknowledges that they are blunt instruments, drawing on prior work addressing the efficacy of the various policy tools at the disposal of national governments for addressing climate change. Employing the traditional tax policy criteria, the paper will then attempt to systematically evaluate the key IRA tax credits, focusing on a number of design features of specific tax incentive provisions. This analysis reveals the ways in which legislators attempted to draw on prior lessons related to tax incentives to improve efficacy, but it will also tend to show inherent shortcomings in the IRA’s approach. This paper thus aims to provide a full contextual picture for the use and design of tax credits in the IRA, in order to provide a framework for a more nuanced discussion of the deployment of tax credits in furtherance of U.S. climate policy going forward
Carbon Farming as Current Use: Proposed Amendments to the New York State Agricultural Assessment Program to Mitigate Climate Change
Full text linkThis article proposes a new financial incentive for mitigating climate change by integrating the natural carbon cycle into agricultural production. The proposal is based on existing New York State programs and is consistent with the state’s climate change policy that has developed over the previous decade. While carbon credits may be familiar to many of the readers, treating carbon as a commodity subjects the associated financial models to global market forces governing goods and services. Alternatively, accounting for the carbon sequestering capacity of different soil types, amendments should be made to the agricultural assessment program to better reflect the carbon market. This article will propose those amendments with considerations that are rooted in a more accurate use-value theory of real property taxation and reliant on verifiable soil science. The amended property tax program, in its application, would incentivize carbon sequestration practices through state programs already familiar to farmers. This article proceeds in five sections. It begins with an introduction to carbon farming practices, which contextualizes the role of agriculture in climate change. Next, it provides a general review of current use property tax programs, along with an overview of the New York State Agricultural Assessment Program. The third section offers a detailed analysis and critique of how farmland assessments are calculated, including a review of the interpretations of agroforestry. The fourth section examines New York State climate policies from over the past decade, particularly as applied to agriculture. Finally, the article concludes with qualified recommendations for legislative, regulatory, and budgetary amendments to advance existing agricultural climate policy
New Suns: Fantasy and Science Fiction for a Better World
No full textThis event is inspired by the Octavia Butler quote There is nothing new under the sun, but there are new suns. We will explore examples of fantasy and science fiction from the library collection that imagine worlds that are more just and varied. To work for a more just world we need to be able to imagine it. We will briefly present each book and explain how the world of the books presents a radical reimagining of some aspect of society
Reading Between the Lines: The Influence of Financial News on Investor Decision-Making
No full textThis thesis investigates how financial media narratives shape investor sentiment and short-term market behavior. Drawing on behavioral finance and narrative economics, it examines whether the framing and tone of market news correlate with intraday volatility in the S&P 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average. By pairing quantitative price data with contemporaneous headlines from major outlets such as Bloomberg, Yahoo! Finance, and CNBC, the study shows that emotionally charged or speculative narratives are closely associated with sharp market swings, even when fundamentals remain unchanged. These findings highlight the influence of media framing on investor decision-making and underscore the importance of financial media literacy in an era where headlines often overshadow underlying economic substance. The research contributes to understanding how information circulation and collective psychology interact in modern markets and points to opportunities for future work using natural language processing to further quantify these narrative effects
The Impact of New York City’s Bail Reform
No full textThis thesis examines the impact of New York City’s bail reform on crime, recidivism, and jail populations, with particular attention to whether the reform has contributed to increased violence. Implemented in 2020 to reduce racial and economic inequalities, bail reform eliminated cash bail for most low-level offenses and emphasized the least restrictive pretrial conditions, with subsequent amendments expanding eligibility for detention. Using cross-sectional data from multiple governmental and research institutions, this study analyzes arrest rates, rearrest rates, and jail population trends before and after implementation. Findings indicate no significant increase in recidivism or violent crime attributable to bail reform. Fluctuations in incarceration rates are largely explained by legislative amendments and the COVID-19 pandemic rather than the reform itself. Overall, the results challenge public narratives linking bail reform to rising violence and suggest the policy has supported equity without compromising public safety
Prison Privatization and its Impacts on Inmate Quality of Life: An Analysis Through Logan\u27s Eight Dimensions Model
Full text linkThis capstone paper delves deeply into the ramifications of prison privatization on inmates\u27 quality of life in contracted immigration detention facilities. With the increasing inclination towards privatizing correctional institutions, especially immigration detention centers, a rigorous evaluation is indispensable to ascertain the ramifications of such privatizations on the welfare of incarcerated individuals. In this exploration, Logan\u27s quality of confinement model is meticulously applied to selected immigration detention centers to scrutinize the living conditions and reveal profound insights into the quality of life experienced by inmates. This model allows a structured assessment of various dimensions such as safety, order, care, activity, management, justice, conditions, and design within the confines of the selected facilities, providing a comprehensive perspective on the living conditions therein. This encompassing exploration exposes the contradiction between the pursuits of profit maximization and the commitment to delivering quality services in privatized immigration detention environments. The analysis reveals intricate and nuanced repercussions, highlighting the detrimental aspects of prison privatization within the realm of immigration detentions, and illuminates the inherently conflicting interests and the impact on the provision of essential services and the well-being of detainees. Finally, the study\u27s findings are crucial, enhancing understanding and informing future discourse, policy formulation, and practices about privatizing correctional institutions and immigration detention centers
Arbitrators of Environmental Disputes: The Guardians of Natural Resources
Full text linkAccording to the International Energy Agency, to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, global investment in clean energy must more than triple, reaching $4 trillion. More investments in technology for clean energy and infrastructure means more transactions across major industries. This inevitably translates to the potential for more disputes, including environmental concerns. Most energy related disputes are predicted to arise in the oil and gas sector, the power generation sector, and the offshore renewable sector. Arbitration presents an appealing option to efficiently resolve these emerging conflicts. This paper highlights the growing importance of arbitration in resolving environmental disputes. To explore how this balancing of interests has evolved, Part II of the paper tracks the trends in arbitral proceedings to safeguard natural resources and Part III analyzes the benefits and challenges of using arbitral proceedings in environmental disputes. Finally, the paper explores the effects of a new trend in arbitration for the safeguarding of natural resources in Part IV before concluding that sustainability concerns have risen to the forefront of the global agenda, leading arbitrators to be caught in the triangular relationship between investors, states, and indigenous communities. This gives them the opportunity to act as guardians of sustainable investments and consider SDGs in their awards
