Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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Social identity shapes antecedents and functional outcomes of moral emotion expression in online networks
No full textThere is increasing evidence that moral and emotional rhetoric spreads widely on social media and is associated with intergroup conflict, polarization, and the spread of misinformation. However, this literature is largely correlational, making it unclear why moral and emotional content drives sharing and conflict. In this research, we examine the causal impact of moral-emotional content on sharing decisions and examining how social identity shapes the antecedents and functional outcomes of decisions to share. Across five pre-registered experiments (N = 2,498), we find robust evidence that the inclusion of moral-emotional expressions in political messages causes intentions to share the messages on social media. Moreover, individual differences in the strength of partisan identification and ideological extremity are robust predictors of sharing messages with moral-emotional expressions, even when accounting for attitude strength. But we only found mixed evidence that brief manipulations of identity salience increased sharing. In terms of functional outcomes, when partisans choose to share messages with moral-emotional language, people perceive them as more strongly identified among their partisan ingroup, but less open-minded and less worthy of conversation with outgroup members. These experiments highlight the causal role of moral-emotional expression in online sharing intentions, and how such expressions in online networks can serve ingroup reputation functions while hindering discourse between political groups
Empathy in non-altruistic settings: Conceptualization and operationalization in business
No full textA hundred years since the first mention of the word empathy in the English language, scientists and philosophers have been unable to arrive at a common consensus on its precise definition. Common wisdom associates empathy with vicarious emotional arousal or altruism. This study conducts a systematic review of research work in business studies dealing with empathy. The method used comprises applying lower-level abstract taxonomy to empathy, for the first time, in external business stakeholder interaction situations of sales, marketing, and customer service. The measurement scales used in the studies are analyzed to showcase mental processes at stake during the act of empathy, the theorized functions, and expected business outcomes of empathy. Implications are drawn for various aspects of managerial decision making. The study suggests a novel framework to execute a more nuanced grade examination of processes involved in empathy and reducing subjectivity in conceptual definitions. The study also calls for overhauling empathy measurement scales, mainly to suit adaptations in empirical business studies
The Bots Ruining Social Science Aren’t Bots At All
No full textOnline data collection from human subjects currently faces a conundrum: it is both essential to how behavioral science functions and threatened by low-quality data. It is often assumed that random, inconsistent, and otherwise incomprehensible data in online surveys comes mainly from “bots.” Despite this assumption, few studies have directly examined where problematic data comes from, even though identifying the source has important implications for creating the right solutions. We examined this issue on several popular participant recruitment platforms, including Mechanical Turk and Lucid. Across four studies spanning five years using multiple methods, we provide evidence that most of the data quality problems affecting online research using online panels can be tied to fraudulent users from outside of the US—not bots. We identify many of the telltale signs that humans leave behind and describe the most effective ways of blocking problematic human responses to address the online data quality problem
Music for hedonia and eudaimonia during pandemic social isolation
No full textThe pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus and associated COVID-19 disease in 2020 prompted governments around the world to pursue strict containment protocols to minimize contagion risk. Although restrictions were interpreted more strictly in some countries than in others, widespread social isolation resulted on an unseen scale, leading to severe negative mental health consequences such as loss of hope, increased anxiety, stress, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance. During this time, while governments were battling the health crisis, musical engagement provided key, individualized coping strategies for laypeople. This was first demonstrated anecdotally in captivating balcony music videos from Italy and Spain and later substantiated in large scale, multi-country survey studies. This chapter reviews the emerging research literature on music listening and making during pandemic lockdown to establish how music became a compensatory source of hedonic pleasure and how it satisfied the need for eudaimonic meaning in life during socially and psychologically impoverished times
Експериментальне дослідження енергоспоживання побутового холодильника
Full text linkIntroduction. Modern models of refrigerators are equipped with intelligent technologies, sensors and are able to remotely control temperature and humidity. The equipment has become as energy-saving and safe in terms of environmental impact due to the ban on certain freons that damage the ozone layer. But in most cases, the domestic consumer is guided by the reliability, practicality, cost of the refrigerator and the level of its energy consumption. Problem. The cost of electricity tariffs for the population will continue to trend upward, which makes the issue of energy efficiency relevant for consumers. The use of energy-saving technologies, and not only in household appliances, is a relevant direction in the development of modern society. Goal. Experimental study of energy consumption of a household refrigerator Liebherr KT 15340 using a modern smart switch Atorch GR2PWS. Methodology. Through observations and experimental studies lasting 30 days, measurements of the electrical energy consumed by the Liebherr KT 15340 refrigerator using the Atorch GR2PW Smart switch were carried out. Results. During the month of observations, the Liebherr KT 15340 refrigerator consumed 14.1515 kWh of electricity, which on average per day is 0.4717 kWh, i.e. on average per day the costs are 2.0378 UAH, total per month 61.13 UAH. Over the year this will be about 172.17 kWh per year, which is in good agreement with the manufacturer's data (230 kWh per year). Practical value. The use of modern energy-efficient technologies in household appliances is a pressing task at a time when there is a shortage of electrical power in our country.Вступ. Сучасні моделі холодильників оснащені інтелектуальними технологіями, датчиками та здатні дистанційно контролювати температуру і вологість. Техніка стала максимально енергозаощаджуваною і безпечною з точки зору впливу на навколишнє середовище завдяки забороні певних фреонів, що шкодять озоновому шару. Але більшості випадків вітчизняний споживач орієнтується на надійність, практичність, вартість холодильника і на рівень його енергоспоживання. Проблема. Вартість тарифу електроенергії для населення і надалі матиме тенденцію до зростання, що робить питання енергоефективності актуальним для споживачів. Застосування енергоощадних технологій, і не тільки в електропобутових приладах, є актуальним напрямком розвитку сучасного суспільства. Мета. Експериментальне дослідження енергоспоживання побутового холодильника Liebherr KT 15340 із застосуванням сучасного Smart вимикача Atorch GR2PWS. Методика. За допомогою спостережень і експериментальних досліджень, що тривали 30 днів, проведено вимірювання електричної енергії, спожитої холодильником Liebherr KT 15340 за допомогою Smart вимикача Atorch GR2PW. Результати. За місяць спостережень холодильник Liebherr KT 15340 спожив 14,1515 кВт×год електроенергії, що в середньому за 1 день складає 0,4717 кВт×год, тобто за 1 день в середньому витрати складають 2,0378 грн, разом за місяць 61,13 грн. За рік це становитиме близько 172,17 кВт×год за рік, що добре узгоджується із даними виробника (230 кВт×год за рік). Практична цінність. Застосування сучасних енергоефективних технологій у побутових приладах є актуальною задачею в час, коли спостерігається дефіцит електричної потужності в нашій державі
Аналіз функціональних особливостей реле контролю температури
Full text linkThe article analyzes the functional features of temperature control relays from leading manufacturers. The main types of relays, their operating modes, used temperature sensors and principles of operation are described. Special attention is paid to the algorithms of thermistor relays and the prospects for their improvement in order to increase the efficiency and reliability of temperature control.У статті проаналізовано функціональні особливості реле контролю температури від провідних виробників. Описано основні типи реле, їхні режими роботи, використовувані датчики температури та принципи функціонування. Особлива увага приділяється алгоритмам роботи термісторних реле та перспективам їх удосконалення з метою підвищення ефективності та надійності контролю температури
Лінеаризована динамічна модель магнітної передачі
Full text linkThe work is devoted to the development of a linearized numerical mathematical model of a contactless electromechanical energy converter with permanent magnets - magnetic transmission. Magnetic transmissions have certain design advantages compared to mechanical transmissions, namely: high reliability, efficiency, lower losses, contactless transmission of mechanical power, no maintenance costs, simplicity of design. The use of magnetic transmissions for systems for converting low-potential mechanical energy into electrical energy is especially relevant: wind energy, water energy, mechanical vibration energy, etc. The use of magnetic transmissions in autonomous wind power plants may be more promising from an economic and technical point of view compared to traditional mechanical transmissions. As an alternative to the dynamic model, which is inconvenient to use at the initial stages of design, for the purpose of initial assessment of oscillation parameters, a linearized dynamic model of magnetic transmission has been developed, in which the relationship between the moment and the load angle is represented by a non-sinusoidal function, and its linear approximation in the operating torque domain. Using the developed model, the parameters and characteristics of not only the magnetic transmission, but also other components of the system have been investigated: an electric source of electric energy, a wind turbine, load, etc., which increases the variability and opportunities for conducting scientific research of an exploratory nature. The developed simulation model of magnetic transmission takes into account the pulsations of the electromagnetic moment through the discrete structure of the magnetic transmission and the change in the model parameters when the input torque changes: pulsations, losses in the magnetic core and permanent magnets, a change in the load angle and the transmitted electromagnetic moment.Робота присвячена розробці лінеаризованої чисельної математичної моделі безконтактного електромеханічного перетворювача енергії із постійними магнітами – магнітної передачі. Магнітні передачі мають певні конструктивні переваги порівняно із механічними передачами, а саме: висока надійність, ефективність, менші втрати, безконтактна передача механічної потужності, відсутність витрат на технічне обслуговування, простота конструкції. Особливо актуальним є використання магнітних передач для систем перетворення низькопотенційної механічної енергії в електричну: енергія вітру, енергія води, енергія механічних коливань і т.ін. Застосування магнітних передач в автономних вітрових електростанціях може бути більш перспективним з економічної та технічної точок зору порівняно з традиційними механічними передачами. В якості альтернативи динамічній моделі, що є незручна для використання на початкових етапах проєктування з метою первинної оцінки параметрів коливань розроблено лінеаризовану динамічну модель магнітної передачі, в якій співвідношення між моментом і кутом навантаження представлене несинусоїдальною функцією, а її лінійною апроксимацією в області робочого моменту. За допомогою розробленої моделі досліджено параметри та характеристики не лише магнітної передачі, а і інших складових системи: електроджерела електричної енергії а, вітрової турбіни, навантаження і т.ін., що підвищує варіативність та можливості для проведення наукових досліджень пошукового характеру. Розроблена імітаційна модель магнітної передачі враховує пульсації електромагнітного моменту через дискретну структуру магнітної передачі та зміну параметрів моделі при зміні вхідного моменту: пульсацій, втрат в магнітному осерді та постійних магнітах, зміну кута навантаження та передавального електромагнітного моменту
Public Perceptions of NATO: US Leadership and Defense Spending
No full textThis study examines the factors that influence public opinion on the topic of international security and foreign policy preferences in 13 NATO member countries between 2004-2012. Specifically, I focus on how individual foreign policy preferences (i.e. support for strong U.S leadership) drive public perceptions of NATO as being essential for security. I then explore if there is divergence within NATO in the form of differences in public opinion due the level of military spending within each country. These questions fill an important gap in the literature by tying individual level public opinion to questions of burden sharing and free riding within NATO, with the goal of explaining how citizens’ preferences are influenced by their domestic environment. Empirical evidence from a multilevel model suggest that individuals who prefer strong US leadership are more likely to perceive NATO as essential for security unless they are in a country that met the 2% defense spending criteria established by the alliance
Scaring away anxiety: Therapeutic avenues for horror fiction to enhance treatment for anxiety symptoms
No full textAlthough horror media is designed to elicit fear and anxiety, many individuals with elevated anxiety symptoms report being drawn to horror and even using it as a coping mechanism. This paper provides a theoretical framework explaining why anxious individuals might engage with horror media and how such engagement could be harnessed to alleviate anxiety and build psychological resilience. First, I outline how specific features of horror media may provide immediate anxiety relief through mechanisms like distraction, perceived control, and physiological regulation. I then propose that repeated exposure to fear-inducing content in horror can foster long-term psychological benefits by enhancing emotional clarity, challenging emotional reasoning, increasing tolerance of somatic experiences, and promoting cognitive reappraisal. These processes are discussed in relation to principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy, highlighting how horror media may serve as a novel, accessible tool for anxiety management. Finally, I outline critical avenues for future research. By integrating insights from clinical psychology, media studies, and neuroscience, this paper lays the groundwork for understanding horror media’s potential role in therapeutic contexts
Enhanced metacognition for unexpected action outcomes
No full textMetacognition allows us to explicitly represent the uncertainty in our perceptions and decisions. Recent theories suggest that we use predictive models of our environment to optimise these introspective processes, but extant accounts disagree about the role prediction plays: some accounts suggest that we should have more sensitive subjective insight for predictable events, while others stress that metacognition should be more sensitive for surprising prediction errors. Here two experiments compare these accounts. Participants performed actions to generate visual outcomes that could move in expected or unexpected directions. Across both experiments, signal detection analyses revealed more sensitive metacognition for unexpected outcomes. A combination of reverse correlation and computational modelling suggested this advantage arose because of a specific enhancement of metacognitive (rather than perceptual) gain to unexpected information. These results are consistent with higher order inference models of introspective awareness and point to a mechanism that may optimise diverse aspects of cognition and behaviour in an unstable world