Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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Scale up of behaviour change interventions: A rapid review of international evidence and practice
No full textBehaviour science has been applied for public value by more than 100 government and public purpose organisations worldwide. Much of this work has focused on evidence production through rigorous research design and theories of behaviour change.
However, successfully tested interventions are not always scaled up to an entire population of interest, a new setting, or adapted to new target behaviours. Scaling up effective behaviour change interventions is often the true goal and often represents a challenge for government and research end-users working in behavioural science.
We conducted a systematic search for an overview of reviews of scholarly evidence on scale up, and 11 practice interviews with behaviour science researchers and practitioners to identify the factors and activities that influence the scale up of behaviour change interventions. This work is aimed not only at uncovering the effectiveness of these activities but also at increasing the reach and impact of behaviour change interventions at scale
Selecting and sharing news in an “infodemic”: The influence of ideological, trust- and science-related beliefs on (fake) news usage in the COVID-19 crisis
No full textSocietal crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic are characterized by a high degree of threat and uncertainty, and people are confronted with partly conflicting information in the media, including a substantial share of fake news. Given that individuals often base their news choice on pre-existing attitudes, the present study aims to identify ideological, trust-, and science-related beliefs that might influence citizens’ information selection and sharing in response to a threat. A representative survey of German Internet users (N = 1101) identified right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and mistrust in politics as significant predictors of selection of fake news, while the influence of social dominance orientation (SDO), mistrust in politics, and perceived certainty of knowledge were significant for sharing news. The present findings extend previous knowledge on people's information behavior in response to a threat and provide insights into groups that are particularly susceptible to misinformation
Weaving KidLit into Professional Learning for Gifted Educators: Shifting Perspectives and Coaching for Equitable Practices
No full textUsing diverse children’s literature (KidLit) is an effective strategy for fostering a classroom culture which embraces cultural diversity and builds understanding amongst students; professional learning communities can use KidLit as the basis for their discussions. A common read provides an opportunity to enrich professional learning communities and allow teachers to build on a shared experience to foster discussion. The key to using KidLit is to gather carefully selected pieces which are well timed and strategically inserted. Viewing areas of everyday racism through the eyes of children is a highly effective way to address areas of multiculturalism. Literature provides an avenue to explore diversity through a safe means, opening participants’ minds to various points of view and challenging preconceived ideas. This article discusses the benefit of using KidLit in professional learning with teachers of the gifted, and shares a step-by-step implementation plan for building- or district-level professional learning
What makes a good query? Prospects for a comprehensive theory of human information acquisition
No full textSearching for information in a goal-directed manner is central for learning, diagnosis, and prediction. Children continuously ask questions to learn new concepts, doctors do medical tests to diagnose their patients, and scientists perform experiments to test their theories. But what makes a good question? What principles govern human information acquisition and how do people decide which query to conduct to achieve their goals? What challenges need to be met to advance theory and psychology of human inquiry? Addressing these issues, we introduce the conceptual and mathematical ideas underlying different models of the value of information, what purpose these models serve in psychological research, and how they can be integrated in a unified formal framework. We also discuss the conflict between short- and long-term efficiency of prominent methods for query selection, and the resulting normative and methodological implications for studying human sequential search. A final point of discussion concerns the relations between probabilistic (Bayesian) models of the value of information and heuristic search strategies, and the insights than can be gained from bridging different levels of analysis and types of models. We conclude by discussing open questions and challenges that research needs to address to build a comprehensive theory of human information acquisition
Untangling Agile Government: On the Dual Necessities of Structure and Agility
No full textAgility has become a common term when it comes to today's discourse on digitalization and government transformation. There is a widely held view that governmental bureaucracy with its laws, regulations, institutions, and `red tape' is unable to keep up with a rapidly changing and digitizing society. It is now often claimed that the solution is for governments to become agile. Along these lines, the resulting discourse on `agile government' posits that government is not agile now, but it could be, and if it were agile then government would be more e?ective, adaptive, and, thus, normatively better. We argue that while agility can represent a useful paradigm in some contexts, it is often applied inappropriately in the governmental context due to a lack of understanding about what `agile' is, and what it is not
Test-Retest Reliability of the HEXACO-100 – and the Value of Multiple Measurements for Assessing Reliability
No full textDespite the widespread use of the HEXACO model as a descriptive taxonomy of personality traits, there remains limited information on the test-retest reliability of commonly-used inventories to measure its traits. Studies typically report internal consistency estimates, such as alpha or omega, as measures of reliability, but there are good reasons to believe that these do not accurately assess reliability. Therefore, we report 12-day test-retest correlations of the 100- and 60-item English HEXACO-Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-100 and HEXACO-60) domains, facets, and items. In order to test the validity of test-retest reliability, we then compare these estimates to correlations between self- and informant- reports (also known as cross-rater agreement), a widely-used validity criterion, as well as to domain and facet internal consistencies. Median estimates of test-retest reliability were .88, .81, and .65 (N = 416) for domains, facets, and items, respectively. Facets' and items' test-retest reliabilities were highly correlated with their cross-rater agreement estimates, whereas alphas were not. Overall, the HEXACO-Personality Inventory-Revised demonstrates test-retest reliability similar to other contemporary measures. We recommend that short-term retest reliability should be routinely calculated to assess reliability
Brainhack: developing a culture of open, inclusive, community-driven neuroscience
No full textBrainhack is an innovative meeting format that promotes scientific collaboration and education in an open and inclusive environment. Departing from the formats of typical scientific workshops, these events are based on grassroots projects and training, and foster open and reproducible scientific practices. We describe here the multifaceted, lasting benefits of Brainhacks for individual participants, particularly early career researchers. We further highlight the unique contributions that Brainhacks can make to the research community, contributing to scientific progress by complementing opportunities available in conventional formats
Огляд двигунів для важких дронів
Get PDFThe article is devoted to an overview of engines used in heavy drones. The main types of engines, their principles of operation, advantages and disadvantages are considered. The article examines a wide range of electric motors, such as brushless DC (collectorless) motors, which are the main components in modern quadcopters. Types of engines, their technical characteristics, as well as their use in specific models of quadcopters are also considered. This article will help you better understand the specifics of different types of motors and how they affect quadcopter functionality and performance.Стаття присвячена огляду двигунів, використовуваних у важких дронах. Розглядаються основні типи двигунів, їх принципи роботи, переваги та недоліки. В статті досліджується широкий спектр електродвигунів, таких як безщіткові DC (безколекторні) двигуни, що є основними компонентами у сучасних квадрокоптерах. Також розглядаються різновиди двигунів, їхні технічні характеристики, а також застосування в конкретних моделях квадрокоптерів. Ця стаття допоможе краще зрозуміти особливості різних типів двигунів та їх вплив на функціональність і продуктивність квадрокоптерів
Комплексний підхід до проведення моніторингу фізичних факторів виробничого середовища
Get PDFIt is shown that production safety in modern conditions is ensured only with constant assessment and effective control of production risks. The transition to information technology poses additional challenges to the technology of information preparation. The main requirement for the development of a management system for ensuring safe working conditions and occupational safety, built using modern information technologies, is to exclude incomplete information, which allows for the implementation of such an open management system that, in specific production conditions, would provide justification for management decisions based on the processing of available information. Moreover, the main core of such a system is a system for monitoring the physical factors of the production environment. An integrated approach to monitoring the physical factors of the production environment is substantiated. It is shown that the integrated approach consists in the mandatory consideration of all physical factors of the production environment available at the workplace, in ensuring prompt collection of data on the actual levels of these factors and their further processing. The author proposes a structural scheme for comprehensive monitoring of physical factors of the production environment, which includes the implementation of tasks aimed at identifying cases of excess of the levels of controlled factors over the maximum permissible levels, as well as the formation of data necessary for making sound management decisions.В роботі обґрунтовано, що безпека виробництва у сучасних умовах забезпечується тільки при постійній оцінці та ефективному контролі за виробничими ризиками. Перехід до інформаційних технологій ставить додаткові завдання до технології підготовки інформації. Основною вимогою до розробки системи управління забезпечення безпечних умов і охорони праці, побудованої з використанням сучасних інформаційних технологій, є виключення неповноти необхідної інформації, що дозволяє реалізовувати таку відкриту систему управління, яка в конкретних виробничих умовах забезпечувала б обґрунтування управлінських рішень на основі обробки наявної інформації. Причому основним ядром такої системи є система моніторингу фізичних факторів виробничого середовища. Обґрунтовано комплексний підхід до проведення моніторингу фізичних факторів виробничого середовищ. Показано, що комплексний підхід полягає в обов’язковому врахуванні всіх фізичних факторів виробничого середовища, що наявні на робочих місцях підприємства, у забезпеченні оперативного збору даних про фактичні рівні цих факторів та їх подальшої обробки. Запропонована структурна схема комплексного моніторингу фізичних факторів виробничого середовища, що включає виконання завдань, спрямованих на виявлення випадків перевищення рівнів контрольованих факторів над гранично допустимими рівнями, а також формування даних, необхідних для вироблення обґрунтованих управлінських рішен
Застосування нейронних мереж для прогнозування електричного навантаження
Get PDFThe paper shows that the operational management of the power consumption regime is reduced to solving the problem of operational forecasting of the enterprise's load. The paper analyzes the works devoted to the forecasting of electric loads of power systems and industrial enterprises. It is shown that in order to achieve the required forecast accuracy, it is advisable to use adaptive forecasting procedures and, in particular, to use artificial neural networks. The use of artificial neural networks for forecasting the load of industrial enterprises is due to their properties, such as the ability to learn, reliability with incomplete input information, and the rapid response of the learned network to input influences. The conditions for determining the configuration of a neural network are considered. The structure of a neural network for predicting the electrical load of an industrial enterprise is presented. The process of training an artificial neural network with fitting the model to data from a retrospective sample is presented. The considered models of daily load forecasting were investigated on retrospective data on the modes of electricity consumption of a chemical enterprise with normalization of input data. The graphs of the actual total load and the forecast obtained by the artificial neural network models are presented. The research has shown that the use of an artificial neural network allows for a qualitative forecast of the enterprise's load under normal operating conditions of the equipment.В роботі показано, що оперативне управління режимом електроспоживання зводиться до рішення задачі оперативного прогнозування навантаження підприємства. Проаналізовані роботи, присвячені питанням прогнозування електричних навантажень енергосистем і промислових підприємств. Показано, що для досягнення необхідної точності прогнозу доцільно використовувати адаптивні процедури прогнозування і зокрема прогнозування є застосування штучних нейронних мереж. Використання штучних нейронних мереж для прогнозування навантаження промислових підприємств обумовлено їх властивостями, такими як здатністю до навчання, надійністю при неповній вхідній інформації, швидким відгуком вивченої мережі на вхідні впливи. Розглянуті умови визначення конфігурації нейронної мережі. Представлена структура нейронної мережі для прогнозування електричного навантаження промислового підприємства. Приведений процес навчання штучної нейронної мережі з підгонкою моделі до даних з ретроспективної вибірки. Розглянуті моделі добового прогнозування навантаження були досліджені на ретроспективних даних про режими електроспоживання хімічного підприємства з нормуванням вхідних даних. Приведені графіки фактичного сумарного навантаження і прогнозу, отримані за моделями штучної нейронної мережі. Дослідження показали, що застосування штучної нейронної мережі дозволяє проводити якісний прогноз навантаження підприємства при нормальних режимах функціонування обладнання