Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
Not a member yet
24116 research outputs found
Sort by
Sequence alignment of folk song melodies reveals cross-cultural regularities of musical evolution
No full textCulture evolves, but the existence of cross-culturally general regularities of cultural evolution is debated. As a diverse but universal cultural phenomenon, music provides a novel domain to test for the existence of such regularities. Folk song melodies can be thought of as culturally transmitted sequences of notes that change over time under the influence of cognitive and acoustic/physical constraints. Modeling melodies as evolving sequences constructed from an “alphabet” of 12 scale degrees allows us to quantitatively test for the presence of cross-cultural regularities using a sample of 10,062 melodies from musically divergent Japanese and English (British/American) folk song traditions. Our analysis identifies 328 pairs of highly related melodies, finding that note changes are more likely when they have smaller impacts on a song's melody. Specifically: 1) notes with stronger rhythmic functions are less likely to change, and 2) note substitutions are most likely between neighboring notes. We also find that note insertions/deletions (“indels”) are more common than note substitutions, unlike genetic evolution where the reverse is true. Our results are consistent across English and Japanese samples despite major differences in their scales and tonal systems. These findings demonstrate that even a creative art form such as music is subject to evolutionary constraints analogous to those governing the evolution of genes, languages, and other domains of culture
Watching the brain as it (un)binds: Beta synchronization relates to distractor-response binding
No full textHuman action control relies on event files, i.e., short-term stimulus-response bindings that result from the integration of perception and action. The present electroencephalography (EEG) study examined oscillatory brain activities related to the integration and disintegration of event files in the distractor-response binding (DRB) task, which relies on a sequential prime-probe structure with orthogonal variation of distractor and response relations between prime and probe. Behavioral results indicated a DRB effect in reaction times (RT), which was moderated by the duration of the response-stimulus interval (RSI) between prime response and probe stimulus onset. Indeed, a DRB effect was observed for a short RSI of 500 ms but not for a longer RSI of 2000 ms, indicating disintegration of event files over time. EEG results revealed a positive correlation between individual DRB in the RSI-2000 condition and post-movement beta synchronization after both prime and probe responses. Beamformer analysis localized this correlation effect to the middle occipital gyrus, which also showed highest coherency with precentral and inferior parietal brain regions. Together, these findings suggest that post-movement beta synchronization is a marker of event-file disintegration, with the left middle occipital gyrus being a hub region for stimulus-response bindings in the present visual DRB task
Riskante Retweets: „Predictive Risk Intelligence“ und Interessenvertretung in globalen Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken
No full textSocial media play a paradoxical role for matters of interest representation in global value-creation networks. On the one hand, social media platforms offer workers and trade unions the possibility to mobilize across geographical and institutional distances. On the other hand, these platforms also allow third parties to extract and process the digital traces of this communication about interest representation (e.g. Tweets). The aim of this paper is to introduce a specific form of processing – “Predictive Risk Intelligence” – as a new research object. Predictive Risk Intelligence providers use social media data to make predictions about events such as strikes and protests. They make these predictions available to other actors – for example, companies – as a service. In this paper, we introduce the phenomenon of Predictive Risk Intelligence through a case study of a provider of these services. Based on the case study, we develop a set of research questions related to established and new actors in the field of interest representation in value-creation networks. Finally, we discuss possible solutions for methodological challenges of the new research topic
#EEGManyLabs: Investigating the Replicability of Influential EEG Experiments
No full textThere is growing awareness across the neuroscience community that the replicability of findings on the relationship between brain activity and cognitive phenomena can be improved by conducting studies with high statistical power that adhere to well-defined and standardized analysis pipelines. Inspired by efforts from the psychological sciences, and with the desire to examine some of the foundational findings using electroencephalography (EEG), we have launched #EEGManyLabs, a large-scale international collaborative replication effort. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, EEG has had a profound influence on our understanding of human cognition, but there is limited evidence on the replicability of some of the most highly cited discoveries. After a systematic search and selection process, we have identified 27 of the most influential and continually cited studies in the field. We plan to directly test the replicability of key findings from 20 of these studies in teams of at least three independent laboratories. The design and protocol of each replication effort will be submitted as a Registered Report and peer-reviewed prior to data collection. Prediction markets, open to all EEG researchers, will be used as a forecasting tool to examine which findings the community expects to replicate. This project will update our confidence in some of the most influential EEG findings and generate a large open access database that can be used to inform future research practices. Finally, through this international effort, we hope to create a cultural shift towards inclusive, high-powered multi-laboratory collaborations
Self and Communal Healing by Vocalizing Chakra Toning Sounds While Dancing in Raves and Parties
No full textWhile dancing in raves and parties people tend to spontaneously vocalize vowels which accurately resemble what is commonly known as Chakra Toning Sounds. This sonic observation raises the hypothesis that people instinctively and intuitively heal themselves by balancing and activating their own chakras with their voice. To test and verify this hypothesis a survey was conducted in which 96 participants were asked to share their experience about the voices they produce and hear in raves and parties while dancing. The majority of participants reported to use their voice and hear others use their voice with Chakra Toning Sounds. An interesting observation suggests that a communal effect is created by this action, in which self healing informs and encourages communal (group) healing, possibly underlying collaborative and collective healing
Global researchers in need, and what there is to support them: a Rapid Electronic Scoping Updatable Extensible Review (RESCUER)
No full textMarket research to inform development of The Project 021, the first crowdfunding & crowdsourcing social network
The Role of Mindset in Education : A Large-Scale Field Experiment in Disadvantaged Schools
No full textThis article shows that a four-year mindset intervention in disadvantaged middle
schools led to a 0.05 standard deviation increase in GPA, associated with
more optimistic beliefs, more self-criticism, and improved school behavior.
Treatment effects were larger for students with relatively better social, academic,
and discipline profiles. According to international empirical benchmarks,
the mindset intervention is highly cost-effective but the effect size remains
small despite repeated exposure over four years. These findings suggests
that mindset interventions may not have the potential to transform education
outcomes if not directly integrated in everyday-life pedagogy
A Marxist Response to the CEA’s Report “The Opportunity Cost of Socialism”
No full textBy setting out the full range of confusion on the subject of socialism, the report by the Council of Economic Advisers (C.E.A.) has provided a good opportunity to both explain and defend the Marxist view on the matter
A rapid systematic review of public responses to health messages encouraging vaccination against infectious diseases in a pandemic or epidemic
No full textBackground: Public health teams need to understand how the public responds to vaccination messages in a pandemic or epidemic to inform successful campaigns encouraging the uptake of new vaccines as they become available.
Methods: A rapid systematic review was performed by searching PsycINFO, MEDLINE, healthevidence.org, OSF Preprints and PsyArXiv Preprints in May 2020 for studies including at least one health message promoting vaccine uptake of droplet spread viruses. Non-English language studies and dissertations were excluded in line with using rapid review methodology. Included studies were assessed for quality using the MMAT or AMSTAR, and for patient and public involvement (PPI) in designing and/or conducting the research.
Results: Thirty-five articles were included. Most reported messages for seasonal influenza (n=11; 31%) or H1N1 (n = 11; 31%) and only seven studies (20%) sampled vulnerable populations at higher risk of mortality/morbidity from viruses, e.g. older adults. Evidence from moderate to high quality studies for improving vaccine uptake included providing: information about virus risks, vaccination safety, and addressing misunderstandings about vaccination, vaccination reminders, detail about vaccination clinics and their locations, and mixed media campaigns at scale across hospitals or communities. Behavioural influences (beliefs and intentions) were improved when shorter messages, risk-reducing, or relative risk framing was used, the benefits of vaccination to society were emphasised, and beliefs about capability to be vaccinated and concerns among target populations (e.g. about vaccine safety) were addressed. Clear, credible, messages in language target groups can understand were found acceptable. Two studies (6%) described PPI in the research process.
Conclusions: This review has identified effective messages to encourage vaccination and improve vaccination beliefs and intentions. Future campaigns should consider the beliefs and information needs of target populations in their design. Findings were inconclusive whether the medium through which the message was delivered, e.g. text message, affected outcomes. More high quality research is needed to demonstrate the behavioural outcomes of messaging interventions
Effects of Geometric Sound on Brainwave Activity Patterns, Autonomic Nervous System Markers, Emotional Response and Faraday Wave Pattern Morphology
No full textThis study introduces Geometric Sound as a subfield of spatial sound featuring audio stimuli which are
sonic holograms of mathematically defined 3D shapes. The effects of Geometric Sound on human physiology were investigated through EEG, heart rate, blood pressure and a combination of questionnaires monitoring 50 healthy participants in two separate experiments. The impact of Geometric Sound on Faraday wave pattern morphology was further studied. The shapes examined, Pyramid, Cube, and Sphere, exhibited varying significant effects on autonomic nervous system markers, brainwave power amplitude, topology, and connectivity patterns, in comparison to both the control (traditional stereo), and recorded baseline of
participants where no sound was presented. Brain activity in the Alpha band exhibited the most significant
results, additional noteworthy results were observed across analysis paradigms in all frequency bands.
Geometric Sound was found to significantly reduce heart rate and blood pressure and enhance relaxation
and general well-being. Changes in EEG, heart rate, and blood pressure were primarily shape-dependent,
and to a lesser extent sex-dependent. Pyramid GS yielded the most significant results in most analysis
paradigms. Faraday Waves patterns morphology analysis indicated that identical frequencies result in
patterns that correlate with the excitation Geometric Sound shape. We suggest that Geometric Sound shows
promise as a non-invasive therapeutic approach for physical and psychological conditions, stress-related
disorders, depression, anxiety, and neurotrauma. Further research is warranted to elucidate underlying
mechanisms and expand its applications