Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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How do Dating Apps reflect the social organisation of sexual relationships? A review of dating apps and their key features
No full textBackground: Dating apps are a common way that people meet each other for sex and relationships. This paper details how the social organisation of relationships is (re)produced, affirmed and/or contested within the content of popular dating apps.
Objective: To systematically describe key dating app features.
Methods: We applied a systematic review approach to the 500 most popular dating apps on two search platforms (Android, Apple) in 2016. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, we examined how the final study sample (n=259 dating apps) organised sexual relationships. We extracted data on a range of dating app features that allowed the user to present themselves and specify what they seek in a relationship/ partner. We updated our search in 2021 and found that 88% of the currently most popular dating apps are represented in our dating app sample from 2016.
Results: Most dating apps targeted generic populations (58%), others targeted populations described as ‘sexualised’ (19%), by ‘social identity’ (15%), or ‘specific individual features’ (8%). Dating app content was significantly patterned by dating app target. Generic and highly sexualised dating apps tended to sexualise the dating app users and be more ambiguous in relationship description than those dating apps focusing on individual features or social identities.
Conclusions: The most popular dating apps organise relationships in ways that maximise the number of potential users and keep users returning to the app. Their features embody ambiguous content open to interpretation, enabling incongruent expectations of relationship nature, longevity and values. Other apps, catering to more specific targets, detail clear and direct unambiguous content. Given dating app users often use multiple dating apps further work is required to understand the dynamic interplay of app content with app use
Law-abiding versus criminal identity and self-efficacy: A quantitative approach to unravel psychological factors supporting desistance from crime
No full textPrevious studies suggest that the process of becoming desistant from crime is accompanied by a shift from criminal to law-abiding identity and by the development of self-efficacy for law-abiding behavior. Utilizing direct (self-report) and indirect (Implicit Association Test; IAT) measures of both variables we predicted that a) a stronger law-abiding relative to criminal identity and a stronger/weaker self-efficacy for law-abiding/criminal behavior will correlate with less previous criminal involvement at T1 and b) will prospectively explain variance in desistance two to three years later at T2. Results from a sample of late adolescent and adult offenders on probation largely confirmed cross-sectional associations with previous criminal involvement at T1 (N = 325). Univariately, self-reported and latency-based measured identity for law-abiding relative to criminal behavior explained variance in (survival time until) recidivism at T2 as opposed to self-efficacy for law-abiding or criminal behavior. Multivariately, self-reported law-abiding relative to criminal identity explained variance in survival time until recidivism over and beyond actuarial risk factors at T2. Further analyses showed that actuarial risk factors increasingly overestimated the risk to reoffend as the strength of law-abiding relative to criminal identity increased. The findings indicate that the strength of law-abiding relative to criminal identity plays a role in persisting in or desisting from criminal behavior. Yet, further research is necessary to identify the causal psychological mechanisms of identity change in the process towards desistance from crime
Електромагнітна сумісність технічних об‘єктів і систем: стислий огляд основних нормативних документів Європейского Союзу та Федеративної Республіки Німеччина
Full text linkIn June 2022, Ukraine received the status of a candidate country for joining the European Union (EU). And already at the end of 2023, the governing bodies of the EU decided to start negotiations on Ukraine's accession to the EU. On this path, Ukraine needs to carry out a significant amount of reforms, including fully adapting national legislation in accordance with European legislation. This also applies to the regulatory framework regarding electromagnetic compatibility. With this in mind, the article briefly describes the features, structure and application of modern regulatory documents on electromagnetic compatibility of technical objects and systems acting in the European Union at both the international (pan-European) and national level. Regarding a specific EU member state, the article reviews the Federal Republic of Germany as an example.У червні 2022 р. Україна отримала статус країни кандидата на вступ до Європейського Союзу (ЄС). І вже наприкінці 2023 р. керівні органи ЄС прийняли рішення розпочати перемовини про вступ України до ЄС. На цьому шляху Україні необхідно провести значний обсяг реформ, у тому числі повністю адаптувати національне законодавство відповідно до європейського. Це стосується і нормативної бази щодо електромагнітної сумісності. З огляду на це, у роботи стисло розглянуто особливості, структуру та застосування сучасних нормативних документів з питань електромагнітної сумісності технічних об'єктів і систем, що діють у Європейському Союзі як на міжнародному (загальноєвропейському), так і на національному рівні. Стосовно конкретної країни-члена ЄС, у статті огляд виконується на прикладі Федеративної Республіки Німеччини (ФРН)
Параметричний метод передачі інформації в системах контролю витрат енергоресурсів
Full text linkThe article examines the justification of the parametric method of information transmission for the construction of energy resource consumption control systems. It is shown that the system of accounting for energy resources should be a distributed multi-level system of measurements, processing, storage and transmission of commercial accounting data and should be built on the principles of open architecture and distributed functioning. It is shown that the organization of hierarchical complexes for solving control tasks depends to a large extent on the issues of effective information transmission and that the creation of information networks is the most difficult task. sensors, into a voltage proportional to it and the corresponding binary code. The structural diagram of the device implementing the specified principle is presented. A method of calculating the parameters of the device for transmitting information from two-position sensors is proposed and an example of calculating the parameters of such a device is givenВ статті розглядається обґрунтування параметричного способу передачі інформації для побудови систем контролю витрат енергоресурсів. Показано, що система обліку енергоресурсів повинна являти собою розподілену багаторівневу систему вимірів, обробки, збереження й передачі даних комерційного обліку й будуватися на принципах відкритості архітектури та розподіленого функціонування. Показано, що організація ієрархічних комплексів для рішення завдань контролю в значній мірі залежить від питань ефективної передачі інформації і, що створення інформаційних мереж є найбільш складним завданням Запропоновано ефективний схемотехнічний метод вирішення цієї задачі, заснований на принципі цифро-аналогового перетворення двійкового числа, що характеризує стан датчиків, у пропорційну йому напругу й відповідний двійковий код. Представлена структурна схема пристрою, що реалізує зазначений принцип. Запропоновано методику розрахунку параметрів пристрою передачі інформації від двопозиційних датчиків і приведено приклад розрахунку параметрів такого пристро
Individual attitudes and market dynamics towards imprecision
No full textWe analyze decisions and market outcomes under imprecision---that is, situations in which the probabilities or outcomes of a prospect are not precisely known. In a laboratory experiment with 320 participants, we model these two dimensions of imprecision and analyze individual attitudes and market dynamics. On average, we find participants to exhibit neutrality towards imprecision in probabilities but a preference for imprecision in outcome realizations. Our results demonstrate that individual attitudes broadly translate into the market outcomes and are correlated with individual trading activity. Our findings are relevant for managing the uncertainties involved in many financial decisions and policy-making applications
Standardized database of 400 complex abstract fractals
No full textIn experimental settings, characteristics of presented stimuli influence cognitive processes. Knowledge about stimulus features is important to manipulate or control the influence of stimuli. To date, there is a lack of standardized data incorporating such information for complex abstract stimuli. Thus, we provide norms for a database of 400 abstract and complex stimuli. Grey-scaled fractals were rated by 512 participants on the stimulus features of abstractness, animacy, verbalizability, complexity, familiarity, favorableness, and memorability. Moreover, 111 participants labelled the fractals, enabling us to calculate indices of naming agreement and modal names. Overall, the results confirmed high abstractness and low verbalizability of the provided stimuli.To establish external validation for selected stimulus features, we evaluated a) classifier probability of a deep neural network labeling the fractals, negatively correlated with ratings of abstractness and positively with verbalizability and naming agreement; b) data compression rate of fractal image files, positively correlated with the rating of complexity; and c) performance of 212 participants in a recognition-memory task, positively correlated with the rating of memorability. The present work fills the gap of a standardized database for abstract stimuli and provides a database with valid norms for abstract and complex stimuli based on ratings and external validation measures. This database can be used to control and manipulate these stimulus features in experimental settings using abstract stimuli. Such a database is essential in experimental research using abstract stimuli for instance to control for verbal influence and strategy or to control for novelty and familiarity
An ecological momentary compassion-focused intervention for enhancing resilience in help-seeking youths: a pilot study
No full textDigital interventions offer new avenues for prevention and treatment in youth. Ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) allow for adaptive and real-time delivery of intervention components in daily life. Compassion-focused interventions may be particularly amenable to translation into an EMI to strengthen emotional resilience in youth. We aimed to investigate initial therapeutic effects, feasibility, and safety of a novel, accessible, transdiagnostic, ecological momentary, compassion-focused intervention for improving emotional resilience (‘EMIcompass’) in an uncontrolled pilot study including help-seeking youth with psychotic, depressive, and/or anxiety symptoms. The EMIcompass intervention consisted of three sessions with a trained psychologist and a 3-week EMI administered through a mobile health app. In total, ten individuals (Mage=20.3 years) were included. Reduced stress sensitivity, momentary negative affect, and psychotic experiences as well as increased positive affect were found at post-intervention and 4-week follow-up. Further, reductions in psychotic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms of medium to large effect size were found (r=0.30-0.65). Most participants were satisfied (80%) and reported low burden of app usage. No adverse events were observed. Our findings provide initial evidence on beneficial effects, feasibility, and safety of the EMIcompass intervention in help-seeking youth. An exploratory randomised controlled trial is warranted to establish feasibility and preliminary evidence of efficacy
A Theory of Return-Seeking Firms
No full textWe introduce a theory of return-seeking firms to study the differences between this and profit-maximising models. A return-seeking objective takes into account the opportunity cost of each additional resource input to a firm’s production as being a potential capital input choice in an alternative project. We find that firm supply curves cease to exist in perfectly competitive markets, supply curves in general may slope up as well as down, that economies of scale are necessary for production, and that firms always produce on a decreasing portion of their cost curve
KOMPONEN-KOMPONEN KURIKULUM
No full textA curriculum in a broad sense is defined as a teaching program at an educational level. Whereas in the narrow sense, it is a subject for several hours of lessons. The curriculum design must fulfill two requirements, namely (1) conformity between the curriculum and the demands, needs, conditions, and development of society; (2) compatibility between curriculum components, namely the content according to the objectives, the process according to the content and objectives. The sources of making a curriculum consist of science, society, immortality and divinity, knowledge, and learners. The considerations that underlie the making of a curriculum design are scope, sequence, continuity, integration, articulation, and balance. The curriculum component consists of four elements, namely the objective component, the teaching material component, the strategy component, and the evaluation component
Spatial interference triggered by gaze and arrows. The role of target background on spatial interference
No full textRecent evidence with a spatial interference paradigm has shown that arrows and eye gaze yield
opposite congruency effects, arrow target eliciting faster responses when their direction is
congruent with their position (standard congruency effect), and gaze producing faster reaction times
for incongruent conditions (reversed congruency effect). But in ecological contexts eye gaze tend
to be more perceptually complex (i.e., embedded in the whole face) than simple arrows. The present
study aimed to replicate this dissociation using whole faces and a comparable non-social target,
formed by arrows embedded in a colored geometric background. Whereas the reversed congruency
effect with gaze was replicated, the standard spatial interference with arrows was surprisingly
absent. A similar outcome appeared when the contrast between the arrows and the task-irrelevant
background increased. The results confirm the robustness of the reversed congruency effect with
eyes, regardless of whether they are presented alone or within a face. In addition, and importantly,
the unexpected absence of the spatial conflict with complex arrow targets seems to be a
consequence of higher figure-ground segregation demands, which extend the processing of the
task-relevant spatial dimension and, in turn, cause the decay of the location code. This pattern of
results, and the provided interpretation, can explain previous unexplained findings in the spatial
interference literature