Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (JHPB)
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Path Analysis: Application of Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory in Smoking Cessation in Surakarta
Full text linkBackground: Smoking is harmful to health. The percentage of smoking in Surakarta City is 23.11%. This study aims to analyze the theory of social cognitive and health belief models in smoking cessation behavior in Surakarta, Central Java.
Subjects and Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Surakarta City from September to November 2023. A total of 200 adults aged ≥15 years were selected using snowballing sampling in the study. The dependent variable was smoking cessation behavior. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived cues to action, self-efficacy, observational learning, reinforcement, expectations, expectancy, and behavioral capabilities.
Results: Self-efficacy had a direct effect on smoking cessation behavior (b = 3.30; CI 95%= 2.54 to 4.06; p<0.001). Perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and observational learning had indirect effects on smoking cessation behavior.
Conclusion: Self-efficacy has a direct effect on smoking cessation behavior. Perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and observational learning have indirect effects on smoking cessation behavior
Multilevel Analysis of Information Motivation Behavioral Skill Models and Its Effect on Tertiary Preventive Behavior in Elderly with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Full text linkBackground: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an important health condition for the elderly population, about a quarter of people over the age of 65 suffer from diabetes. Complications of type 2 diabetes increase the risk of death for sufferers. Complications and death from type 2 diabetes can be prevented by implementing tertiary preventive behavior. This study aimed to determine the influence of Integrated services post and other factors on tertiary preventive behavior for type 2 diabetes, using information motivation behavioral skill models theory.
Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 25 Integrated services post in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java from October to November 2023. A total of 200 elderly patients with type II DM were selected by the stratified random sampling. The dependent variable is tertiary preventive behavior. The independent variables used are information, motivation, behavioral skills, age and gender. Data collection was carried out by interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis uses multilevel multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: Tertiary preventive behavior is positively related to motivation (b= 0.31; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.61; p= 0.037), behavioral skills (b= 0.74; 95% CI= 0.43 to 1.05; p= 0.001). Tertiary preventive behavior was positively related to information but was not statistically significant (b= 0.01; 95% CI= -0.30 to 0.32; p= 0.945). Tertiary preventive behavior was negatively related to age but was not statistically significant (b= -0.04; 95% CI= -0.11 to 0.01; p= 0.168) and gender (b= -0.07; 95% CI= -0.98 to 0.83; p= 0.878). Integrated services post has a contextual influence on tertiary preventive behavior in elderly patients with type-II DM (ICC= 35.99%).
Conclusion: Tertiary preventive behavior in elderly patients with type 2 DM increases with good information, strong motivation and good behavioral skills. Integrated services post has a contextual effect on tertiary preventive behavior in type 2 DM patients
Implementation of the Information Motivation Behavior Skill Model on Cadre's Performance in Surakarta: A Structural Equation Model
Full text linkBackground: Integrated service post cadres are individual volunteers at the community level who are selected by residents based on their ability, integrity, loyalty and commitment to improving community health and playing a role in developing strategies to overcome stunting. This research aims to determine whether there is an effect of implementing the Information-Motivation-Behavior Skill Model on the performance of Integrated services post cadres.
Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, form November to December 2023. A sample of 210 integrated services post cadres was selected using stratified random sampling. 25 integrated service posts in 3 community health centers The data were collected using a structural equation modeling (SEM).
Results: Performance was positively and significantly influenced by behavioral skill (b= 0.26; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.38; p< 0.001), information (b= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.28; p= 0.014), and motivation (b= 0.18; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.32; p= 0.008). Goodness of fit of SEM model indicated fit (p= 0.190; RMSEA= 0.037; CFI= 0.99, TLI= 0.98, SRMR= 0.03; CD= 0.92).
Conclusion: The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill Model can be used to predict work performance of integrated health post cadres. Performance is positively and significantly influenced by behavioral skill, information, and motivation
Application of Health Belief Model on Obesity Prevention Behavior in Adolescents
Full text linkBackground: Adolescent obesity is a global challenge with serious health impacts. This study aimed to explore the application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in the context of preventing obesity in adolescents.
Subjects and Method: This research uses an observational analytical design with a cross sectional approach. The population consists of teenagers aged 15-19 years in the city of Surakarta, with a sample of 200 teenagers chosen randomly. The dependent variable is obesity prevention behavior. The independent variable is the HBM construct (perceived vulnerability, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy). Data was collected using a questionnaire, and analyzed using multiple linear regression.
Results: There is a positive and statistically significant relationship between perceived vulnerability (b= 0.08; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.13; p = 0.004), perceived seriousness (b= 0.37; 95% CI= 0.29 to 0.46; p<0.001), perceived benefits (b= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.14 to 0.29; p<0.001), cues to action (b= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.25; p= 0.005) and self-efficacy (b= 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.10; p= 0.027) on obesity prevention behavior. Adjusted R-squared= 72.15%. This means that the HBM construct includes perceptions of vulnerability, perceptions of severity, perceptions of benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy, together they are able to explain variations in obesity preventive behavior in adolescents by 72.15%.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the Health Belief Model construct includes perceptions of vulnerability, perceptions of seriousness, perceptions of benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy, which play a role together in shaping obesity prevention behavior in adolescents
Empowering Communities: Harnessing Technology for HIV Literacy and Triple Zero Goals
Full text linkBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to reinvigorate efforts to achieve the Triple Zero HIV goal by 2030-zero new cases, zero deaths from AIDS, and zero stigma. This scoping review explores technology, including social media and big data, in increasing HIV literacy and community engagement. It is crucial to prioritize the Triple Zero HIV targets, which involve the eradication of new HIV infections, AIDS-related deaths, and the stigma associated with HIV, amidst the COVID-19 epidemic. This study aimed to rigorously investigate and identify new technology-driven therapeutics to eliminate HIV, AIDS-related fatalities, and social discrimination by 2030.
Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching articles from PubMed and ResearchGate is an article published from 2015 to present. The keywords were “HIV education technology” and “community engagement.” Articles covering technology-based HIV literacy and community engagement were selected, and other databases were searched extensively for this scoping review. The search included "HIV education technology” “Community engagement” and "Big data in HIV prevention”. The articles were selected by PRISMA flow diagram method.
Results: A total of 8 studies was included in this review. This study revealed innovative approaches to HIV education through technology, including mobile applications and social media campaigns. These tools provide easily accessible information, reducing stigma and discrimination. Big data and predictive analytics can target interventions effectively. The post-COVID-19 era allows for community mobilization through social media campaigns and virtual support groups, fostering solidarity and access to care. According to our analysis, mobile apps and social media campaigns are novel HIV education methods. These tools make knowledge accessible, decreasing stigma and discrimination. Big data and predictive analytics target interventions. Community mobilization through social media campaigns and virtual support groups promotes solidarity and care post-COVID-19.
Conclusion: Technology, heightened health awareness, and community engagement can drive progress toward the Triple Zero goal of HIV by 2030, creating a world with no new cases, no AIDS deaths, and no stigma. This opportunity arises in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which offers new avenues for HIV prevention and care
COVID-19 Research in Africa: A Bibliometric Analysis (2019-2021)
Full text linkBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented volume of research globally, with a significant but varied focus on Africa. Given the unique socio-economic and healthcare challenges faced by the continent, understanding the landscape of COVID-19-related research in Africa is crucial. This study aimed to analyse the body of literature focused on Africa, identifying patterns, trends, and the conceptual, intellectual, and social structures underlying the research. By uncovering these elements, the study provides insights into the strengths and gaps within the existing body of work, offering a foundation for future research and policy formulation.
Subjects and Method: A quantitative approach was employed to examine 4,290 documents related to COVID-19 research focused on Africa, sourced from the Web of Science (WoS) database between November 1, 2019 to February 1, 2022. The Bibliometrix R-package was utilized for data processing and visualization, enabling the identification of patterns, trends, and underlying structures within the literature.
Results: The analysis revealed significant local and international collaboration in COVID-19 research focused on Africa. Four major themes emerged: (1) Health Systems, Policy, Workers, and Public Health; (2) Mental Health, Depression, and Anxiety; (3) COVID-19’s impact on HIV, Poverty, and Children; and (4) its impact on Education. Institutional collaborations were particularly strong among the top five South African universities, highlighting a robust social structure. The productivity of authors conformed to Lotka’s Law, while periodical distribution followed Bradford's Law of Scattering. Keywords Plus and Abstract Words offered a comprehensive description of the research domain.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the collaborative nature and thematic focus of COVID-19 research in Africa, emphasizing the importance of international collaboration. Future research should address identified gaps to deepen and enhance the impact of studies in this area
Utilizing the Health Belief Model Theory to Forecast Early Breastfeeding Initiation in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java
Full text linkBackground: Early initiation of breastfeeding has the potential to reduce the risk of neonatal death. Babies who do not start breastfeeding within the first hour after birth have a higher risk of death. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Health Belief Model construct and early breastfeeding initiation behavior.
Subjects and Method: The study was conducted in February-March 2024 with a sample of 200 mothers who had children aged 0-3 months at Posyandu in the Karanganyar Regency working area. This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional study approach. Sampling used was fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was early initiation of breastfeeding and the independent variables were perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy. The data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: This study provided empirical evidence that a number of constructs in the Health Belief Model can be used as predictors of early breastfeeding initiation. Mothers who have a high perceived vulnerability (OR= 4.48; CI 95%= 1.12 to 17.89; p= 0.034), high perceived severity (OR= 4.14; CI 95%= 1.16 to 14.87; p=0.029), high perceived benefit (OR= 4.37; CI 95%= 1.15 to 16.56; p=0.030), and high self-efficacy (OR= 16.76; CI 95%= 3.91 to 71.79; p <0.001) showed a positive relationship with increasing early breastfeeding initiation behavior.
Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy with early breastfeeding initiation behavior
Assessment of Beliefs, Behaviors and Attitude about voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation among College going students: A prospective study in a tertiary care medical college from North India
Full text linkBackground: Blood services are facing a shortage of blood all over the world. Demand for blood is rising day by day and current blood donation is insufficient to meet the demand. This study aimed to assess college-going student’s beliefs, behaviors and attitude regarding voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation.
Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine PGIMER Chandigarh, India, from 2011 to 2013. A total of 1,000 (500 blood donor and 500 non-blood donor students) subjects were selected in this study by random sampling. The data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and analyzed descriptively.
Results: Assessment of the level of knowledge among blood donor participant revealed that 36 (7.2%) subjects had excellent knowledge, 222 (44.4%) had good knowledge, 152 (30.4%) had average knowledge, 90 (18%) had poor knowledge. No subjects among blood donor students had a very poor level of knowledge. Among non-blood donor participants 93 (18.6%) had a good level of knowledge, 108 (21.6%) had an average level of knowledge, 166 (33.2%) had a poor level of knowledge, 133 (26.6%) had very poor level of knowledge.
Conclusion: Data analysis revealed differences in the knowledge level among the donors and non-blood donor participants
Meta-Analysis: Effectiveness of Dental and Oral Health Education using Combination Method on Knowledge and Plaque Scores in Visually Impaired Childrenveness of Dental and Oral Health Education using Combination Method on Knowledge and Plaque Scores in Visually Impaired Children
No full textBackground: Dental health education is important to improve people's dental and oral health. Visually impaired children have limited vision, so they need appropriate and appropriate methods for accepting visually impaired children by maximizing the provision of education through senses other than sight in carrying out treatment and prevention efforts. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of combination oral health education on the oral health knowledge and plaque scores in visually impaired children.
Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis with PICO model. Population: Visually impaired children. Intervention: dental health education ≥3 methods. Comparison: without education or <3 education methods. Outcome: oral hygiene knowledge and plaque scores. Article search was carried out using the keywords: ("dental health education" OR "oral hygiene" OR "oral health education") AND ("visually impaired children" OR "blind children") AND “randomized control trial”. Studies published between 2013-2023 from the PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were included. Standarized mean difference (SMD) from selected articles were were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4 tool.
Results: 10 RCTs from India and Indonesia were included in the meta-analysis. The use of combined education methods increased knowledge of oral hygiene compared to single education (SMD= 2.67; 95% CI= 1.05 to 4.30; p<0.001). Combined education method reduced plaque scores compared to single education (SMD= -0.82; 95% CI= -1.29 to -0.35; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Combination education methods increase oral hygiene knowledge and reduce plaque scores in visually impaired children
The Impact of Cyberbullying on Self-Harming Behavior and Suicidal Thoughts among Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Full text linkBackground: Online bullying often occurs among teenagers. This is an important risk factor for self-injurious behavior and suicidal ideation. This study aimed to analyze and estimate the magnitude of the effect of online bullying on self-injurious behavior and suicidal ideation in adolescents.
Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PICO model. Population: Adolescents, Intervention: Online bullying, Comparison: No online bullying, Outcome: Self-injurious behavior and suicidal ideation. The research data used was obtained through Google Scholar, Science Direct, BMC Public Health, and Scopus with the keywords (“Cyberbullying”) AND (“Self-harm”) AND (“Suicidal Ideation”) AND (“Mental Health”) AND (“Cross-sectional”). Inclusion criteria were cross-sectional articles in English published from 2014 to 2024. Data analysis was carried out using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: Meta-analysis was conducted on 8 primary studies with outcomes for self-harm behavior and 9 primary studies with outcomes for suicidal ideation. These primary studies come from Singapore, Vietnam, Taiwan, China, South Korea, Iran, Australia and America. The sample size was 47,708 adolescents for self-injurious behavior outcomes and 63,173 adolescents for suicidal ideation outcomes. Adolescents with online bullying are 3.64 times more likely to have self-injurious behavior (aOR= 3.64; 95% CI= 3.14 to 4.22; p<0.001) and 2.64 times more likely to have suicidal ideation (aOR= 2.64; 95% CI= 1.94 to 3.60; p<0.001) compared to adolescents without online bullying. The funnel plot indicates the existence of publication bias which tends to reduce the true effect (underestimate) on the outcome of suicidal ideation.
Conclusion: Online bullying statistically significantly increases the risk of self-injurious behavior and suicidal ideation in adolescents