Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (JHPB)
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Meta-Analysis: Bullying's Effects on Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents
Full text linkBackground: Bullying is a major problem worldwide. Bullying itself is defined as a condition in the form of negative and repetitive behavior, carried out by a person or group of people, the treatment is carried out deliberately and intensely with the aim of hurting physically and mentally. This study aims to analyze and estimate the magnitude of the influence of bullying on anxiety and depression in adolescents.
Subject and Method: The meta-analysis was performed according to the flow of the PRISMA diagram and the PICO model. P: Adolescents, I: Bullying, C: No bullying, O: Anxiety and depression. The search for articles in this study is through databases that include PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus. With keywords including: "bullying" AND "anxiety" AND "depression" AND "adolescent". Full paper article with cross-sectional study, the subject of the study was adolescents, the measure of the relationship used was adjusted Odds Ratio, the outcome of the study was anxiety and depression. Analysis was done with Revman 5.3
Results: There were 10 articles with cross-sectional designs from the United States, Africa, China, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Australia with a total of 282,799 research samples. A meta-analysis of 10 cross-sectional studies concluded that adolescents who experienced bullying had a 1.98 times greater risk of anxiety than those without bullying (aOR = 1.98; CI 95%= 1.54 to 2.53; A meta-analysis of 8 cross-sectional studies concluded that adolescents who experienced bullying had a 1.85 times greater risk of depression compared to no bullying (aOR= 1.85; CI 95%= 1.37 to 2.50; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Bullying increases the risk of anxiety and depression in adolescent
Psychological Factors and Social Support in Adolescents with Suicidal Ideation: A Meta-Analysis
Full text linkBackground: According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, as of August 28, 2023, there are more than 700,000 deaths due to suicide every year and the fourth highest cause of death in 18-29 years old is suicide. Studies report that psychological conditions and social support are risk factors for the emergence of suicidal ideation in adolescents. This study aimed to analyze and estimate the effect of psychological determinants (anxiety, loneliness, and depression), gender, and social support on suicidal ideation in adolescents.
Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis with PICO model. Population: adolescents. Intervention: women, psychological determinants (anxiety, loneliness, and depression), and social support. Comparison: men, no anxiety, no loneliness, no depression, no social support. Outcome: suicidal ideation. The basic data used involves Google Scholar, PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link. The inclusion criteria are full-text articles with cross-sectional studies, published from 2018-2023, reported aOR. Data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3.
Results: Meta-analysis was carried out on 16 primary studies from various countries, namely Ethiopia, Nepal, the United States, India, Slovenia, South Korea, Nigeria, Jamaica, China, the Netherlands, and Greece. Suicidal ideation decreased in male adolescents (aOR= 0.95; 95% CI= 0.73 to 1.24; p= 0.700) and strong social support (aOR= 0.84; 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.93; p <0.001). Loneliness (aOR= 2.86; 95% CI= 1.38 to 5.96; p= 0.005), anxiety (aOR= 2.46; 95% CI= 1.58 to 3.84; p<0.001), and depression (aOR= 5.46; 95% CI= 3.43 to 8.70; p<0.001) increased the risk of suicidal ideation.
Conclusion: Suicidal ideation decreases in male adolescents and strong social support. It increases with loneliness, anxiety, and depression increase the risk of suicidal ideation
The Associations between Attitude and Quitting Smoking in Adult Smokers: A Meta-Analysis
Full text linkBackground: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2025, tobacco control initiatives are expected to reduce the prevalence rate of tobacco throughout the WHO region. Recent assessments of smoking epidemics over the past half-century show a decrease in overall smoking prevalence among adult males (32.2% to 33.1%) and females (6.3% to 6.7%). The effectiveness of all these smoking cessation programs depends on knowing the factors that affect smokers. Factors such as sociodemographic factors, attitudes, and environment play an important role in the desire to quit smoking This study aimed to determine the influence of attitudes on the likelihood of quitting smoking in adults.
Subjects and Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis using prism flow diagrams and PICO format. Population: Adult smokers. Intervention: attitudes of likelihood of quitting smoking, smoking Outcome: Smoking cessation behavior in adults. The online databases used are Google Scholar, BMC, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link with the words smoking cessation, attitude to quit smoking, cross sectional and aOR. There were 9 cross sectional studies published in 2019-2023. The analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3.
Results: This meta-analysis included 9 cross-sectional studies from the Hadiyah Zone, Southern Ethiopia, Bhubaneswar, India, Hanoi, Vietnam, United States, Saudi Arabia, England, Taiwan, Beirut, Lebanon and Qatar. The number of samples is 12,526. Smokers with positive attitudes were 1.28 times more likely to quit smoking than negative attitudes, and the effect was statistically significant (aOR= 1.28; CI 95%= 0.84 to 1.95; p= 0.260).
Conclusion: Positive attitudes increase the likelihood of smokers quitting smoking.
Keywords: quit smoking, attitudes, smokers, cross sectional, aOR
Path Analysis of the Influence of the Theory of Planned Behavior Construct on Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid Uptake in Banjarnegara
Full text linkBackground: The death rate for women of childbearing age is increasing. This indicates the need for useful interventions to prevent deaths from cervical cancer. One way is to carry out an Acetic Acid Visual Inspection (VIA) screening. Unfortunately, the rate of VIA screening is still low. So it is necessary to conduct research on how the behavior of using VIA screening is viewed from health promotion theory. This study aimed to determine the application of one of the health promotion theories, namely the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), to the use of VIA screening in Banjarnegara Regency.
Subjects and Method: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional study design involving 200 female participants of reproductive age ranging from 20 to 50 years. This research was conducted in Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study was conducted in April-May 2024. The sample was selected using fixed disease sampling to find participants who had undergone VIA screening. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate and path analysis.
Results: The results of this study showed that the behavior of using VIA screening was directly influenced by intentions and perceived behavioral control. The possibility of subjects to undergo VIA screening can increase by strong intentions (OR= 6.56; 95% CI= 2.97 to 14.48; p< 0.001) and high perceived behavioral control (OR= 6.23; 95% CI= 3.07 to 12.65; p < 0.001). In addition, the results of path analysis showed that intentions were influenced by attitudes (OR= 2.73; 95% CI= 1.31 to 5.69; p= 0.007), subjective norms (OR= 3.48; 95% CI= 1.71 to 7.07; p= 0.001), and perceived control treatment (OR= 3.03; 95% CI= 1.50 to 6.09; p= 0.002).
Conclusion: The use of VIA screening is directly influenced by intention and perceived behavioral control. In addition, intentions are influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. All results of the analysis are statistically significant
Path Analysis: Implementation of Information Motivation Behavioral Skill Model on Tertiary Preventive Behavior in Type II Diabetes Melitus
Full text linkBackground: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia over a long period of time increases the occurrence of complications. Complications due to type 2 DM can be prevented or delayed by implementing tertiary preventive behavior. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Information Motivation and Behavior Skill Model on tertiary preventive behavior in type 2 DM patients.
Subjects and Method: This research with a cross-sectional design was conducted in Boyolali Regency, Central Java from November to December 2023. The research was conducted at 25 posbindu in Ngemplak and Nogosari Districts. The sample size was 200 adults with a diagnosis of type 2 DM who were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The dependent variable is tertiary preventive behavior. The independent variables are information, motivation, behavioral skills, age, gender, education, and employment. Data collection was carried out using questionnaire interviews. Data were analyzed using path analysis in the STATA 13 application.
Results: There is a positive relationship between behavioral skills and tertiary preventive behavior (b= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.29; p= 0.023). There is a positive relationship between information and behavioral skills (b= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.38; p<0.001). There is a positive relationship between motivation and behavioral skills (b= 0.38; 95% CI= 0.15 to 0.41; p<0.001). The path analysis model has good model suitability, as indicated by the following suitability indicators: p= 0.244; RMSEA= 0.045; CFI= 0.98; TLI= 0.95; SRMR= 0.032.
Conclusion: Tertiary preventive behavior in adult type 2 DM patients is directly influenced by behavioral skills. Tertiary preventive behavior is indirectly influenced by information and motivation. Tertiary preventive behavior in type 2 DM patients increases with good information, strong motivation and good behavioral skills
Analysis Multilevel: Application of Health Belief Model on Tertiary Prevention Behavior in Kaur District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Full text linkBackground: Uncontrolled hypertension can cause complications, so efforts to prevent and control hypertension can be carried out by applying the Health Belief Model health promotion theory. This study aimed to determine the influence of the Health Belief Model construct on tertiary prevention behavior in hypertensive patients.
Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 16 health centers in Kaur district, Bengkulu, from November to December 2023. A total of 208 hypertension patients were selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable is tertiary prevention behavior. Independent variables are a number of constructs in the Health Belief Model theory including perceived susceptibility, stimulus to act, and self-efficacy. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and data were analyzed using a multilevel double linear regression analysis model.
Results: There was a positive association between perception of vulnerability (b= 0.11; CI 95%= 0.01 to 0.22; p= 0.065), signal to act (b= 0.20; CI 95%= 0.03 to 0.38; p= 0.022), self-efficacy (b= 0.16; CI 95%= -0.01 to 0.32; p= 0.059) on hypertension tertiary prevention behavior. Public health center have less contextual influence on tertiary prevention behavior in hypertensive patients (ICC= 6.68%).
Conclusion: Perception of vulnerability, cues to act, and self-efficacy are predictors of hypertension tertiary prevention behaviors
Implementation of Social Cognitive Theory on Smoking Cessation
Full text linkBackground: Most people have understood the negative effects of smoking behavior, but not all of them can make the decision to stop the behavior. Like smoking behavior, quitting smoking is also influenced by various factors. This study aimed to analyze smoking cessation behavior in individuals who have quit smoking through Social Cognitive Theory in the Semarang City area.
Subjects and Method: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional study design involving as many as 205 participants, including 123 active smokers and 82 who had quit smoking. This research was conducted in the Semarang City area, Central Java. This research was conducted in March-April 2024. The sample was selected using fixed disease sampling for active smoking participants and snowball sampling for participants who had quit smoking. The dependent variable is smoking cessation behavior. The independent variables are expectation of results, self-regulation, self-efficacy, and strengthening. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and the data was analyzed using a path analysis model.
Results: Smoking cessation behavior increased with high self-efficacy (OR= 19.99; 95% CI= 7.46 to 53.62; p<0.001) and strong self-regulation (OR= 3.05; 95% CI= 1.51 to 6.13; p= 0.002). Self-efficacy increased with the expectation of positive results (OR= 8.64; 95% CI= 4.52 to 16.52; p<0.001) and strong self-regulation increases with strengthening (OR = 3.61; 95% CI= 1.99 to 6.53; p<0.001). Thus, social cognitive theory can be used to explain and predict smoking cessation behavior.
Conclusion: Smoking cessation behavior increases with high self-efficacy, strong self-regulation, positive outcome expectations, and strengthening. Thus, social cognitive theory can be used to explain and predict smoking cessation behavior.
Keywords: social cognitive theory, smoking cessation, early adulthood
Meta-Analysis: Factors Related with Premarital Sexual Behavior in Adolescents
Full text linkBackground: Premarital sexual behavior is a sexual activity carried out before marriage. Premarital sexual behavior is a health priority in adolescents because it causes unwanted pregnancies, abortions, STIs, HIV/AIDS and even death. Parents, peers, community environment, economic and cultural conditions influence premarital sexual behavior. This study aims to analyze the effect of peers, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, exposure to pornography and rural areas on premarital sexual behavior in adolescents.
Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of study articles. Data obtained from databases including Google Schoolar, Pubmed and Science Direct. Article search was carried out by considering eligibility criteria with the PICO model. Population: adolescents. Intervention: high peer pressure, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, exposure to pornography, and rural areas. Comparation: low peer pressure, non-smoking, no alcohol consumption, no exposure to pornography, and urban areas. Outcome: premarital sexual behavior. The articles were collected with keywords including "Peer Pressure" AND "Smoking" AND "Alcohol Compsumtion" AND "Pornography Exposure" AND "Rural" OR "Premarital Sexual Behavior" AND "Cross Sectional Study". Study articles were collected with PRISMA flow diagrams and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: The results of the meta-analysis indicated that adolescents were influenced by premarital sexual behavior in the presence of high peer pressure (aOR= 3.57; CI95%= 1.38 to 9.26; p<0.001), smoking behavior (aOR= 1.17; CI95%= 0.63 to 2.16; p<0.001), alcohol consumption (aOR=2.11; CI95%=1.34 to 3.33; p<0.001), and exposure to pornography (aOR= 2.43; CI95%= 1.44 to 4.09; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Adolescent premarital sexual behavior increases with high peer pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exposure to pornography
Information Motivation Behavior Determinants of Decision to Quit Smoking
Full text linkBackground: Cigarette sales in Indonesia continue to increase, as does the number of people who consume cigarettes, children who smoke, and also deaths caused by smoking. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the decision to stop smoking in the Special Region of Yogyakarta using the information motivation behavior skills theory.
Subjects and Method: This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional study approach conducted in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in June-July 2023. There were 212 adults consisting of 153 active smokers and 59 former smokers. The dependent variable is the decision to stop smoking. The independent variable is Information Motivation Behavior Skill (IMB). Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed online and analyzed using a path analysis test.
Results: Good information (b= 1.25; 95% CI= 0.32 to 2.17; p< 0.008) and high motivation (b= 2.23; 95% CI= 1.54 to 2.9; p< 0.001) were associated with smoking cessation skills, smoking cessation skills good (b= 1.72; 95% CI= 1.01 to 2.43; p< 0.000) is associated with the decision to stop smoking.
Conclusion: Good information, high motivation, and smoking cessation skills are statistically related directly and indirectly to the decision to stop smoking
Health Belief Model for the Analysis Factors Affecting Community Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination Dose II in Oenggae Village, Pantai Baru Subdistrict, Rote Ndao, East Nusa Tenggara
Full text linkBackground: Efforts to reduce transmission of COVID-19 by carrying out COVID-19 vaccinations. The COVID-19 vaccination coverage in Rote Ndao is 52.92%. Oenggae Village is included in the working area of the Korbafo Health Center which has the lowest dose II COVID-19 vaccination coverage, namely 41.76%. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the Health Belief Model (HBM) theoretical approach and community acceptance of the COVID-19 Dose II vaccination in Oenggae Village, Pantai Baru District, Rote Ndao in 2022.
Subjects and Method: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in Oenggae Village, Pantai Baru District, Rote Ndao from December 2022 to January 2023. A total of 107 people aged 6->55 years were selected for this study. The dependent variable is people's acceptance of the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination. The independent variables are perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to act. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by chi-square test.
Results: Perceived vulnerability is high (OR= 3.91; 95 CI= 1.70 to 9.03; p= 0.002), perceived severity is high (OR= 10.59; 95% CI= 3.27 to 34.25; p< 0.001), perceived benefit is high (OR= 11.27; 95) % CI= 1.33 to 94.94; p= 0.009), perceived inhibition is low (OR= 6.22; 95% CI= 2.21 to 17.46; p= 0.001), and cues to act are high (p= 0.001) statistically significant effect on acceptance of vaccination COVID-19 2nd dose.
Conclusion: Community acceptance of COVID-19 dose II vaccination is related to perceptions of vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived obstacles, and cues to act