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How do right-to-work (RTW) laws impact workplace safety?
Get PDFRyan Dodds
How do right-to-work (RTW) laws impact workplace safety?
RTW laws allow employees covered by a union who are not union members to choose not to pay union dues. These laws weaken unions and decrease unionization. This study explores the impact of right-to-work (RTW) laws on workplace safety using a two-way fixed effects and a difference-in-differences approach, focusing on the five right-to-work laws passed by states in the 2010s.
For my two-way fixed effects analysis, I construct a panel dataset from 2007-2019 using yearly state-level data from BLS for all 50 states with available data. My outcome variables are nonfatal occupational injury and illness rates and occupational fatality rates. I include state and year fixed effects with a large set of controls. I find that RTW laws reduce unionization and harm workplace safety. Specifically, I find that RTW laws decrease union coverage and membership by about 2.1% and 2.2%, respectively. I find that RTW laws increase occupational fatality rates by about 0.22 per 100,000 employees through decreasing unionization. This number is about 5% of the mean occupational fatality rate in my sample and suggests that right-to-work laws cost hundreds of lives each year. I also find, however, that right-to-work laws decrease the rate of reported nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses by about 6%, and I am able to replicate this finding when looking at specific industries. I find that this decrease is likely being driven by increased reporting in unionized workplaces rather than a true improvement in workplace safety.
Honors Project in Economics
Advisor: Professor Gary Krueger
April 30, 202
Staircase Arrangements of Pillars with Distinct Heights
Get PDFWe study the family An of sequences (a1, a2, ..., an) where 0 ≤ ak ≤ k and nonzero entries are distinct. We show that these sequences are in bijection with the set partitions of [n + 1]. These sequences have a natural poset structure, and we analyze the maximal chains within this poset. Finally, we explore various subfamilies of An, including sequences whose largest entry is k and sequences missing the value k
Thymic B Cells Uniquely Shape Regulatory T cell Selection
No full textThymic B cells are a subpopulation of B lymphocytes that reside in the thymic medulla, an organ that is specialized for the development and selection of T lymphocytes. Thymic B cells are activated by CD40L+ CD4 single positive thymocytes, leading to the upregulation of MHC-II, costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, initiation of immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR), resulting in the licensing of thymic B cells as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The thymus also harbors other APC populations such as dendritic cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) that use unique strategies of self-antigen expression and presentation to mediate central tolerance. Whether thymic B cells confer unique tolerogenic features on developing thymocytes is not fully understood. From T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire deep sequencing, we identified CD4 single positive thymocytes that were dependent on licensed thymic B cells for development. Furthermore, testing these TCRs using intrathymic transfers and hybridoma cell lines demonstrated licensed B cells may be critical for the optimal development of a substantial fraction of the Foxp3 regulatory T (Treg) cell repertoire and likely play an essential tolerogenic role in the generation of a healthy Treg cell repertoire
Hakoah Wien: Kraft als (Ver)Einigung und Siedlung der unbeständigen post/modernen Identität
No full textThe Sport Club and in particular football team Hakoah Wien is one of the best known examples in its time for contemporary theorists interested in analyzing the austrian-jewish identity of the 1920s. However there are many developments in austrian studies such as “jewish difference,” “co-constitutionality,” “the spatial turn” and “decolonization.” What, in this context, does it mean for a sports club to materially propagate the ideas of a liberatory religious and national identity, while representing an oppressive austrian identity on the world stage? This question has a lot to do with the concrete history of property rights and jewish oppression in Vienna. Through my postcolonial reading of Karls Marx’s “On the Jewish Question,” I argue that the binary between “natural” and “exception” within a liberal constitution for Austria in the 1920s functioned concretely through the ideas of “jewish” and “not-jewish.” To crystalize this problem, I use two specific examples: first, where Hakoah Wien’s new stadium would be established in 1919 and the second, how Hakoah Wien’s win against the english football team West Ham was portrayed in the viennese press
Contextualizing Resistance in Minneapolis Post-George Floyd: Race, Class, and the Paradox of ‘Nice’
Get PDFStatement of Purpose:
As a Black Minnesotan, I feel stuck between the binary of hope and despair after the killing of George Floyd and the subsequent protests during the summer of 2020. I had never seen as much vocal support for Black lives. However, reflecting two years later makes me fear the support was simply appeasement and empty promises. While Derek Chauvin was convicted of killing George Floyd, there have been several Black men murdered by Twin Cities police in the two years since his death including, Dolal Idd, Daunte Wright, Winston Smith, and more. Poor Black people in the Twin Cities are still relegated to living in areas of concentrated poverty and subjected to unrelenting police surveillance and community violence. I was raised in a middle class Minneapolis suburb by a Black father and white mother. My family moved to the city at the beginning of my freshman year where I gained confidence in my identity as a Black woman from the Black teachers and classmates at my new high school. In this paper I seek to highlight the experiences of working class Black people in Minneapolis; that is not and has never been my identity or life experience. As a lighter-skinned Black person who benefits from systems of capitalism and colorism, my priority in the wake of the summer 2020 uprising is to call attention to the anti-Black violence embedded in Minnesota that particularly impacts working class Black Minnesotans
First Order Approximation on the Basilica Julia Set
Get PDFWe consider the basilica Julia set of the quadratic polynomial P (z) = z^2 - 1, with its successive graph approximations defined in terms of the external ray parametrization of the set. Following the model of Kigami and later Strichartz, we exploit these graph approximations to define derivatives of functions defined on the fractal, an endeavor complicated by asymmetric neighborhood behaviors at approximated vertex points across levels, and by the topology of these vertices. We hence differentiate even and odd levels of approximations of the Julia set and construct, accordingly, normal derivatives corresponding to each level category at the vertices, given their assigned ray names. We also discuss how a localized harmonic function serves as the tangent line, from which local linear approximation near vertices are obtained
Trinification with a Bi-Adjoint Higgs Field
Get PDFIn this paper, we propose a novel extension of the Standard Model of particle physics, based on the trinification gauge group . Symmetry breaking is achieved using a bi-adjoint Higgs field (transforming under the left- and right-handed subgroups) along with a more conventional bi-triplet to ensure the correct breaking and pattern of fermion masses. To preserve a discrete symmetry (T-parity), we also introduce a right-handed triplet to completely break trinification symmetry to the Standard Model. The minimization conditions and conditions for the boundedness of the potential for this model are calculated. Additionally, the Standard Model quantum charges of the 64-component Higgs field are determined and mass matrices for the gauge bosons are constructed. The survival of T-parity ensures the stability of dark matter candidates in the model; the details of such candidates and the generation of neutrino masses are left to future work
Machine Learning Refinements to Metallicity-Dependent Isotopic Abundances
Get PDFThe project aims to use machine learning algorithms to fit the free parameters of an isotopic scaling model to elemental observations. The processes considered are massive star nucleosynthesis, Type Ia SNe, the s-process, the r-process, and p-isotope production. The analysis on the successful fits seeks to minimize the reduced chi squared between the model and the data. Based upon the successful refinement of the isotopic parameterized scaling model, a table providing the 287 stable isotopic abundances as a function of metallicity, separated into astrophysical processes, is useful for identifying the chemical history of them. The table provides a complete averaged chemical history for the Galaxy, subject to the underlying model constraints
Collateralizing Ideas: Intangibles in the Credit Market
Get PDFIntangible capital comprises an increasing share of total capital assets, and its non-physical nature makes it more difficult to evaluate and secure as collateral for loans. I extend the model of intangible capital presented in McGrattan and Prescott (2010) to include a collateralized credit market in which firms can obtain debt proportional to their capital assets. I consider different cases for the relative collateral value of intangibles under a credit constraint subject to exogenous shocks. For greater collateralizability of intangible assets, the model predicts a stronger negative relationship between intangible investment and credit availability and more stable interest rates. However, the model overall does not replicate observations from macroeconomic data