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Unveiling the Mask of Post-Race Legitimacy: Preserving White Supremacy through the Use of Colorblind Racism in Policy Preference
Get PDFRecent literature has brought attention to an avoidance of race-talk among Whites that not only attributes social inequalities to non-racial factors, but challenges the existence of racism at all, and reinforces the power of white supremacy in a way that is hard to detect. The paradigm shift from Jim Crow to colorblind racism simply demonstrates a practice of oppression that has been redefined and reshaped, but the foundation of our society that has been built on white supremacy and racial inequality has yet to change. In order to preserve this foundation, colorblind ideology has been used to implement coded language and race-neutral explanations in policy, reinforcing the existing racial hierarchy in a powerful, but discreet, manner. This study utilizes survey data to analyze the relationship between colorblind attitudes and policy preference. It is hypothesized that 1) higher levels of colorblindness will lead to less support for social policies that would benefit racial and ethnic minorities, and 2) Whites will present higher levels of colorblind attitudes than non-Whites. Results from an online survey indicate that Hypothesis 2 was not supported (Whites and non-Whites show similar levels of colorblindness), while Hypothesis 1 was supported (colorblindness and policy preference are significantly correlated). The study ultimately finds that, as levels of colorblindness increase, support for social policy that would benefit racial and ethnic minorities decreases, suggesting that racial considerations still serve as an influence in social policy despite how subtle they may seem
Exploring Volcanoes and \u27Vino\u27
Get PDFUnique international experience returns for Linfield students. Photos courtesy of Toni Ketrenos and Jakob Longbottom \u272
Faculty Scholarship in Action; Remembering Linfield\u27s HERstory
Get PDFUnearthing the legacy of women\u27s sports at Linfiel
The Effects of The Menstrual Cycle and Contraceptive Use on Injury in Collegiate Athletes
No full textPURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of hormone fluctuations in natural menstrual cycles on the rate of injury in collegiate athletes compared to those with less hormonal fluctuation due to estrogen based hormonal contraceptives (HC). This study hypothesized that athletes on their menses, characterized by low levels of estrogen, will have a lower rate of injury than those athletes not on their menses (higher rates of estrogen near ovulation). In addition, we hypothesized that those on a natural cycle will have higher rates of injury than those on HC. METHODS: Female athletes from Linfield University (n=59, ages 18-22 y/o), participating in a collegiate sport were recruited. Participants completed a weekly survey that tracked onset and completion of menses along with new injury occurrences. Injury type was recorded. RESULTS: The analysis showed that the injury rate tended to be lower in athletes that were on contraceptives (9 injuries versus 15 injuries across 12 weeks). In addition, injury rates were much lower during menses compared to the rest of the menstrual cycle, for those not on contraceptives. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that fluctuating hormone levels may affect injury rate in collegiate athletes. The constant hormone levels of contraceptive use may be beneficial in limiting injury
Social Movement Framing: The Case of the Anti-Vaccination Movement
No full textThis research examines the sociological area of study, being social movements. Social media platforms will be examined to assess pro-vaccination and anti-vaccination groups\u27 thoughts on the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines, their overall feelings surrounding these topics, and the ways they frame their discourse. Sociological theories will be applied to the results to aid in examining trends observed related to social movements
Jackie Winters 037
No full textDVD cover photos with Jackie Winters, Dr. James K. Lace, and other unidentified people during Tanzania charity visit.https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/jackiewinters_photos/1004/thumbnail.jp
Bakner and Coste Faculty-Student Summer Collaborative Research Grant: Grant Activities Evaluation Post Grant
Get PDFConcise Abstract of the Results of the Work. Our research attempted to understand mechanisms underlying alcohol use and factors that may contribute to alcohol use disorder (AUD). More specifically, the present series of experiments, phases 1 through 4, expand on rodent models research to study binge-like ethanol consumption using the “Drinking In the Dark” (DID) procedure (see Thiele &Navarro, 2014 for a review). In DID, ethanol (EtOH) is provided in the home cage for 3 hours, beginning 3 hours after the start of the dark phase of the light:dark cycle when nocturnal rodents are most active (adapted from Rhodes et al., 2005). Few studies have explored the use of DID to study ethanol consumption in genetically heterogenous outbred rats. Phase 1 of the research attempted to determine whether binge-like ethanol consumption (20% EtOH, 28 days) may be observed in two genetically heterogenous rat lines used in alcohol drinking research (i.e., Sprague-Dawley - SD, and Long Evans - LE). Additionally, the impact of naltrexone (1 mg/kg), an opiate antagonist, on ethanol drinking was assessed across 6 additional days at the end of phase 1. Phase 2 evaluated the impact of an abstinence period, inserted after completion of phase 1, on subsequent ethanol consumption and provided an opportunity to evaluate abstinence induced drinking across the strains (see Simms et al., 2008). This was accomplished by allowing animals to consume 20% EtOH for 5 consecutive days after a 60-day abstinence period. Phase 3 commenced after a 2-day abstinence period and animals consumed 10% EtOH for 5 consecutive days following phase 2. Prospectively, positive behavioralcontrast may be observed, and animals may consume greater quantities of 10% EtOH having consumed less palatable 20% EtOH. Finally, phase 4 attempted to explore whether strain differences may be observed in consumption of 10% EtOH sweetened with “supersac” solution. Super sac (3% glucose w/v, 0.125% saccharine w/v) added to 10% EtOH may encourage bingelike drinking in outbred rats and may be a valid animal model of ethanol consumption given humans typically consume sweetened ethanol beverages(Ji et al, 2008). Phase 4 began after a 23-day abstinence period and followed the same DID procedure used in phases 1-3. The last phase continued for 10 days with 2 separate brief abstinence periods inserted between drinking days. The first was a 2-day abstinence period between days 4 and 5, and the second was a 4-day abstinence period inserted between day 9 and 10. Phase 1 outcomes indicated that LE strain achieved higher doses of EtOH compared to SD strain but did not attain binge-like criteria (1.5 g/kg EtOH) within the initial 30-minute drinking period. Importantly, naltrexone did suppress consumption of EtOH leading to lower doses attained especially so in the LE strain. Phase 2 results showed no initial increase in consumption following an abstinence period and LE achieved higher doses of EtOH. During phase 3, abstinence induced drinking was not observed although LE animals achieved higher doses of EtOH consumed. Interestingly, phase 4 analyses indicated that both strains consumed ethanol in a manner to achieve higher doses especially so in the LE strain. Within phase 4, abstinence induced drinking was observed in the LE strain following the initial 2- day abstinence period, and similar abstinence induced drinking was observed especially so in the LE strain following a 4-day abstinence period inserted between days 9 and 10 of phase 4. Overall, the DID paradigm produced binge drinking in outbred rats, most notably LE strain, when 10% ethanol solution was sweetened with supersac, especially after a brief period of abstinence from drinking. Additionally, naltrexone significantly decreased ethanol consumption, supporting its continued use as a treatment for AUD. Across the 4 Phases, LE rats consistently consumed higher amounts of ethanol, suggesting that they serve as a better outbred rat model for studying ethanol consumption and binge drinking using DID procedures