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Running the Numbers: Economic Impact and Demand Drivers of U.S. Marathon Events
No full textMarathon races have a significant impact on local economies. They can give the host city a big economic boost, directly impacting employment and tourism. For example, the 2022 Chicago Marathon generated 163 million into the local economy. Because of the importance of a marathon to a local economy, it is important that races optimize demand. This analysis uses a cross-sectional demand model with 31 observations to identify the factors determining a marathon event\u27s impact across the United States. The effect of a marathon event depends on the number of participants, which is a measure of demand. Results suggest that the average price of entry fee, quarter of the year, and number of Instagram followers have a positive and statistically significant effect on the number of marathon participants. The inclusion of a 10k race and the number of Facebook followers have a negative correlation with the number of marathon participants
Perito Moreno
No full textPerito Moreno, taken by Emily Ghidossi on the Linfield University January Term Program in El Calafate, Argentina. 1st place, Students division, in the 2025 Linfield University Study Abroad Photo Contest.https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/intl_photos2025/1009/thumbnail.jp
Mui Wo with Friends
Full text linkPostcard from Taila Patterson, during the Linfield University Semester Abroad Program at Hong Kong Baptist University in China
Unraveling the Impact of Oxidative Stress on Sperm Quality
Full text linkA substantial body of scientific research has identified oxidative stress (OS) as a main culprit in the development of male infertility. OS is mediated by free radicals, which can result from lifestyle, environmental factors, endocrine imbalances, and infection (Skoracka et al., 2020). Free radicals are unstable molecules with an unpaired electron in their outer shell, making them highly reactive and prone to causing OS damage to other molecules in the body (Łakoma et al., 2023). Spermatozoa are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to their lack of robust cytoplasmic enzyme systems that repair damaged DNA (Saleh & Agarwal, 2002). This vulnerability makes spermatozoa prime targets for OS-induced damage, which can lead to endangerment of a fertilized oocyte and increased risk for miscarriage, abnormal development, and perinatal mortality. Given the critical role of OS in male infertility, this literature review aims to explore its effects on sperm quality and examine possible strategies to minimize OS-induced damage
A Unified Response: Strengthening Civilian-Military Medical Disaster Response
Full text linkIn times of catastrophic events, the ability of civilian first responders to collaborate effectively with Military Medical Units (MMUs) is crucial for delivering quality healthcare and saving lives. While the military is traditionally tasked with security and defense operations, their expertise in battlefield and emergency medicine in austere environments with limited resources makes them a vital asset during disaster response efforts. Military medics, specifically, are trained to provide care under extreme stress, often in some of the most challenging conditions (Raeeszadeh et al., 2022). Effective disaster response training for both civilian and military personnel must prioritize key elements like the chain of command, transportation logistics, supply chain management, and power outage management—each of which is essential in disaster scenarios (Lee et al., 2022). This paper will explore how historical data can be used to design training that bridges knowledge gaps, highlights strengths, and addresses weaknesses in the coordination between civilian responders and MMUs, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of disaster response efforts
Workplace Violence Against Emergency Department Nurses
Full text linkEmergency department nurses are one of the first lines of patient care, and as such,
workplace violence against them is often overlooked. Non-fatal workplace violence is
documented to be four times higher in the healthcare sector, specifically in the emergency
department, compared to any other industrial sector (Ayasreb & Hayajneb, 2021). Workplace violence, according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, is defined as, “Any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening behavior that occurs at the work site” (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, para. 2). Violence in emergency departments for nurses is a silent epidemic that leaves them vulnerable in their workplace and causes physical, psychological, and social stress. Stene et al. classified violence into 3 categories: verbal, physical, and sexual violence. Within these articles, it was found that verbal violence was most common (2015). Given the frequent nature, it is suggested that verbal violence could be under reported by nurses as they may just accept it as part of their job (Ayasreb & Hayajneb, 2021). With safety in the emergency department being a concern for nurses, action must be taken to resolve these ongoing issues of workplace violence. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe workplace violence against emergency department nurses and explore violence prevention strategies
Magic 8-Ball Mayhem
No full textMagic 8-Ball Mayhem is a supernatural coming-of-age comedy created by Sydney Monroe for her JAMS senior capstone. The film follows Cass, a college freshman, who stumbles upon a mysterious Magic 8-Ball in a dustry campus storage room that doesn’t just predict the future, but alters it. With her bold, no-nonsense roommate, Mara, along for the ride, Cass experiments with the 8-Ball’s abilities, leading to surprise pizza deliveries, professors in clown costumes and increasingly unpredictable consequences.
The film explores how the search for certainty can spiral into obsession, highlighting the importance of trusting oneself. Through quirky, situational, and absurdist humor, the film blends supernatural elements with the lighthearted energy of a PG-13 sitcom. The run time is approximately 15 minutes, and it has a PG rating
Social Media Use, Frustration Resilience, and Impulsivity as Predictors of Grades among Adolescents
No full textRecent research has revealed evidence of negative associations between time spent on social media and academic achievement (for a review, see Appel et al., 2020). It may be that spending high amounts of time on social media, which provides immediate and easy access to information and entertainment, may inhibit the ability to tolerate frustration and to persist despite difficulty- two important skills needed to succeed academically. The current study tested this hypothesis in a sample of adolescents. Specifically, we hypothesized that the relation between social media use (SMU) and grades would be mediated by persistence despite difficulty and frustration tolerance. Additionally, we predicted that trait impulsivity would moderate these relations. Results showed no significant direct effect of SMU on grades; however, as hypothesized, there were indirect effects of SMU on grades, mediated by frustration resilience. Specifically, higher levels of SMU were associated with lower levels of frustration resilience, which in turn statistically predicted lower grades. Contrary to hypotheses, impulsivity did not moderate the effects of SMU on frustration resilience. The results suggest that SMU may predict poorer grades partly because heavy social media use inhibits the development of skills and motivations needed to persist in the face of academic challenges
An Economic Analysis on the Base Salaries of NCAA Division I Football Head Coaches
No full textThe goal of this research is to develop a working model that successfully describes current base pay of NCAA Division I College Football head coaches and can be used to predict the base salary of future head coaches. The compensation for head football coaches across the NCAA’s Division I programs was determined using data collected following the 2024-25 season. Coaching compensation is regressed on variables capturing a coach’s personal characteristics, productivity, and institutional characteristics. The results yield four important explanatory variables. Two are coach specific: years on contract, and career win percentage. The remaining are institutional: NIL collectives, and the conference dummy variable. While previous studies regarding head coaching salaries have been conducted, there has been no estimate of a compensation function provided after the implementation of NIL Collectives, and somewhat recent restructuring of the various, competing conferences. Pending the results of this regression analysis, future research could continue for such studies towards subsequent divisions/levels of competition
College Life in Ireland and the United States
Full text linkWhile still in the midst of their study abroad experiences, students at Linfield University write reflective essays. Their essays address issues of cultural similarity and difference, compare lifestyles, mores, norms, and habits between their host countries and home, and examine changes in perceptions about their host countries and the United States. In this essay, Zoey Ahl describes observations during their study abroad program at the University of Galway in Ireland