Yasuda Women's University Repository / 安田女子大学リポジトリ
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‘Voice Trainers’ in Frederick Husler’s Thought: Related to the Difference between ‘Teaching Points’ and ‘Teaching Method’ in Music Education in Schools
Get PDF学校音楽科教育では「指導要素」と「指導法」とを明確に区別することが重要である。しかし実際には、「指導法」の根底にある「指導要素」に無自覚であるがゆえに、音楽科教育の現場に混乱が生じることもある。以上の混乱を避けるため、多様な「指導法」を、「指導要素」によって体系的に理解することが必要となる。
そこで本稿では、フレデリック・フスラーの「発声訓練教師」に関する思想を分析した。フスラーによれば「音声生理学の知識」は、教師の個人的な「流儀」による感覚的な指導を体系化するために必要であった。「発声訓練教師」は発声器官の全体性を把握し、効果的な発声訓練を実現する目的の下に生理学的知識を使用するべきであると主張されていた。
以上のフスラーの思想は、学校音楽科教育の現場を、教員の数だけ「指導法」の林立する混乱の場所ではなく、「指導要素」によって「指導法」を体系化しうる場所とするための一助となるであろう。departmental bulletin pape
Analysis of Active Ingredients of Herbal Natural Medicines by Reversed-phase HPLC with Core-shell Type Columns: On the Development of Quality Evaluation Methods of Sennae Folium and Rhei Rhizoma
Get PDFThis paper describes the development of the quality evaluation method of herbal medicines (crude drugs) by the reversed-phase (RP) HPLC with core-shell (CS) type columns, which have a core part and a superficial porous silica part, leading to high performance (high theoretical plate number) and relatively low column pressure drops. This time, fast quality evaluation methods for Sennae Folium (senna leaf) and Rhei Rhizoma (rhubarb), both are well well-known herbal medicines containing agents for promoting bowel movements (laxatives), have been investigated. Target active ingredients contained in these herbal medicines are sennoside A and sennoside B. Referring Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) 18th edition, the mobile phase for HPLC and the extraction solvent were optimized. By employing a mixture of diluted acetic acid (100) (1 in 80) and acetonitrile (4:1) as a mobile phase, and a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate (1 in 1000) as an extraction solvent, successful separation and determination of sennoside A and sennoside B in these herbal medicines were obtained. Sennoside B and sennoside A eluted in this order within 5 min, leading to a fast assay method. Further other agents having pharmacological effects in Rhei Rhizoma, rhein and emodin, were also successfully determined by the RP-HPLC with CS type columns. Obtained contents of sennoside A and B in powdered senna leaf (not less than 1.0%) and powdered rhubarb (not less than 0.25%) tested conformed with JP18 specifications.departmental bulletin pape
A Consideration of the Death Penalty
Get PDF相模原障害者殺傷事件を起こした植松聖被告の裁判において、横浜地方裁判所は死刑判決を下した。この判決に対して、自身も脳性麻痺の障害を持ち、障害者と社会の関わりについて研究している東京大学、熊谷晋一朗准教授は、「生きる価値のある命と価値のない命に線を引くというのが被告の犯行の動機だったことに対して怒りを覚えてきたが、死刑判決は、その被告の命に線を引くもので私にとっては複雑で、葛藤を伴う判決だ」と述べている。彼は「生きる価値のない命はない」ということが分からぬ輩は「生きる価値がない」としてしまう自己矛盾に、「死刑制度」を有する私達の社会自体が、その矛盾に気づかぬままはまり込んでしまっていることを指摘している。加えて、「誰でもよかった」という動機で、死刑該当罪に当たる殺人を実行する犯罪者が珍しくなくなっている不透明性高まる社会の中では、「死刑」という刑罰について再考する必要が出てくるだろう。本論考において、抑止効果による議論も復讐刑としての議論も死刑存置を確立するためには弱くなってきているとしたら、被害者の応報感情を論拠とした存置論の有効性を再検討する。departmental bulletin pape
Multi-layered Instruction of“Listening”to Develop Active Listeners: A Re-examination of the Step-by-step Teaching Model for Listening Skills
Get PDF平成元年の学習指導要領改訂によって音声言語指導が重視されるようになってから約30年が経過したが、教育現場において児童生徒の聞く力が定着したとは言い難い。その要因を学習指導要領における単元の取り扱いと具体的目標の示され方の２点から検討し、先行研究をふまえたうえで、聴解力を鍛える5段階指導モデルを試案として提示した。次に、「聞くこと」教材の配当について中学校国語科教科書5社の比較を行い、能動的な聞き手を育成する授業づくりの視点として、①発達段階に応じたスキルの設定、②「聞くことの活動」の充実、③質問する力の重視、④「聞く力」を基盤とした評価活動、⑤汎用的な能力と連動させた重層的な指導の5点を提示した。departmental bulletin pape
Launch of Japan’s Public Health Regime: Training of Physicians and Nurses
Get PDFThe promulgation of medical-licensing laws led to the full-scale launch of Japan’s public health regime, and it was decided that the training of physicians and nurses would be conducted within this framework. The public health regime aimed to manage medical education, hospitals, physicians, midwives, acupuncturists, and pharmaceutical affairs to protect people’s health and treat illnesses. However, the establishment of the modern medicallicensing system also led to a conflict between physicians trained in traditional Chinese medicine and those trained in Western medicine. The number of doctors trained in traditional Chinese medicine began to decrease with the establishment of the modern medical education system.
Toward the end of the Meiji period, those trained in modern Western medicine accounted for 70% of all practicing physicians. In nursing education, training facilities were established in 1884 (M7). Training of nurses, which had hitherto been administered by prefectural governments, gradually became more systematized, resulting in the enforcement of regulations for nurses in 1915 (T4).departmental bulletin pape
Transformational Narratives: Reexamining the Life Cycle of the Teacher
Get PDFTeacher education (pre-service training and in-service development) is systematic and comprehensive in nature. However, more attention could be given to the aspect of life cycle and its relevance to a career in teaching (especially considering the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic). This paper therefore offers a critical reexamination of the profession of teaching through the prism of the life cycle as proposed by key researchers in the field (Fessler, 1985; Huberman, 1989, 1993; Lortie, 1989; and Sikes, 1992). In this paper, the different phases of the teaching career are discussed, and analyzed as transformational narratives starting from the novice through to the seasoned educator with particular emphasis placed on the concept of expertise which is ambiguous and open to interpretation. Specifically, in each phase, the various challenges and rewards are presented, and the reasons for continuing along this particular career track are investigated with respect to personal and social identity, expectations, aspirations, and ageing. As a working framework, this paper adapts the work of Sikes (1992) which is regarded as a highly accessible and clear model of the teacher life cycle. Additionally, this paper draws from Rogers (1961), whose psychological constructs of process, potential, and the fully-functioning individual make it possible to reconsider the nature and function of teaching, and the life of the teacher, from a humanistic and phenomenological frame of reference.departmental bulletin pape
A Study of the Qualities of Childcare Workers in the Late Meiji Era. －Focus on the Contents of the Kindergartner's Examination in Keihan Childcare Magazine－
Get PDF保育者の資質については、現在も多面的な研究が行われている。本研究では、明治後期に発刊された「京阪聯合保育會雑誌」に掲載されている大阪府の保姆検定試験問題の項目及び内容から、当時の保育者が求められていた学力や資質について考察した。また、当時の状況を踏まえるため、比較対象として園数や保姆の数、園児数などを全国と大阪府について文部省年報から抽出した。departmental bulletin pape
Relationship between Generalized Self-Efficacy and Lifestyle Habits of Students in Nursery Schools
Get PDFThis study aimed to clarify the impact of different lifestyle habits on GSE in students training to become preschool teachers. The results of a questionnaire survey revealed that mean GSE score is higher when exercise or sports are performed more frequently and that participants who eat breakfast every day had higher mean GSE scores than those who never eat breakfast. The amount of time spent on exercise or sports, sleeping, and watching television each day were also found to be associated with GSE.departmental bulletin pape
Changes in the Nutrient Values of Sardines and Pink Salmon after High-pressure-high-temperature Processing
Get PDFTo promote daily fish and shellfish consumption in schools, hospitals, and care facilities, as well as ordinary households, we analyzed the nutritional components of sardines and pink salmon processed by the high-pressure-high-temperature (HPHT) method.
We performed the nutrition analysis, adopting the methods used to create the [Food Composition Tables (Seventh Revised Edition)]. On comparing the nutrient values of HPHTprocessed sardines and pink salmon with those of raw/water-boiled/water-boiled and canned
sardines1) and raw/water-boiled and canned pink salmons2) shown in the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan 2015 - (Seventh Revised Version), we obtained the following findings:
1) The amount of proteins did not decrease after HPHT processing in either case. With the protein content accounting for approximately 20%, these products may be useful as convenient sources of proteins.
2) Although HPHT-processed sardines and pink salmon are seasoned, they may contribute to salt reduction, as the amount of sodium was as low as about 0.2-0.5 g.
3) Both HPHT-processed sardines and pink salmon had markedly higher iron and calcium contents than raw and water-boiled controls. Therefore, they may also contribute to the intake of calcium and iron, the 2 nutrients Japanese people tend to lack.departmental bulletin pape