LAUTECH Journal of Engineering and Technology (LAUJET)
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PREDICTING PETROLEUM CONSUMPTION USING TRIGONOMETRIC REGRESSION MODEL
Get PDFThis study is used to model and forecast Nigerian motor gasoline consumption using the Trigonometric Regression model which has the capabilities of handling nonlinear time series. The time plot of Nigerian motor gasoline consumption showed the series is nonlinear. The Trigonometric regression model was estimated using the Ordinary Least Square method. From the result, the coefficients of the model influenced Nigerian motor gasoline consumption and a unit increase may lead to an increase or decrease. The values of coefficient of determination (R^2) revealed that the coefficients of the model explained the variations in Nigerian motor gasoline consumption up to 83%. The value of the adjusted coefficient of determination (R ?^2 ) also revealed that the model is a good fit and has high predictive power. Therefore, the Nigerian motor gasoline consumption forecast from 1980 to 2038 indicated continuous fluctuations from year to year. The shape of the out-sample forecast from 2019 to 2038 exhibited a bell shape. Conclusively, based on the results obtained, the proposed model can be used to obtain future values for Nigerian motor gasoline consumption. This will enhance the Government and shareholders to put in place proper plans and logistics to curtail the challenges that may arise from Nigerian motor gasoline consumption and distribution presently and in the future
THE EFFECT OF DISSOLVED PLASTIC POLYMER MODIFICATION ON RUTTING AND FATIGUE RESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF WARM BITUMEN BLEND
Get PDFRecently, large amounts of waste polymers are being generated in Nigeria. One of the waste polymers is plastic bottles. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) are produced at high temperatures with high energy consumption and environmental hazard. The purpose of using Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is to reduce the production and laying temperature and emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, this research investigated the effect of Dissolved Plastic Bottle (DPB) on the rheological, rutting and fatigue resistance properties of warm bitumen blend thereby reducing the environmental hazard associated with the Waste Plastic Bottles (WPB) disposal and consequently improving pavement service life. WPB was obtained from different waste generation points in Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria. The obtained WPB was shredded and converted to dissolved form using pyrolysis machine @ 4500C. 500g of 60/70 penetration grade bitumen was heated in an oven with 3% (15g) sasobit until it becomes fluidal. The bitumen was modified with 0 - 17% by weight of the bitumen at 2% interval. Mixing was continued for 1hour to produce homogenous bituminous mixtures. Rheological tests were then conducted on the prepared samples using the Brookfield programmable rheometer. The results indicated that addition of DPB improves the rheological properties of absolute viscosity, phase angle, complex shear modulus, rutting and fatigue resistance of modified binder at both 135°C and 165°C. Therefore, DPB can be used to improve bitumen rheological properties and subsequently resist rutting and fatigue on traffic roads. This can best be achieved upon 7% and 5% modification levels at 135°C and 165°C respectively
OPTICAL DISPERSION COMPENSATION USING DIFFERENT MODULATION FORMATS
Get PDFOptical dispersion is the main impediment to optimal utilization of optical fiber backbone ability to satisfy the capacity need of today’s emerging telecommunication networks. In this paper, the investigation of post - and symmetrical dispersion compensation fibers (DCF) have been examined in a 16 and 32 channel 40Gbps dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system using different modulation formats. Simulation results obtained show a significant improvement in the quality factor and bit error rate when DCF is used. The performance of the methods however shows dependency on the number of channels in the system, the modulation, and the channel condition
INTELLIGENT WIRELESS SENSOR BASED BOMB DETECTION: AN INTEGRATION QUALITY OF SERVICE MODEL FOR INTERNET OF THINGS PLATFORM
Get PDFOwing to the global security concerns, intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks (iWSN) have been a major outcome of technological breakthrough. It thus becomes a practical platform where the information about the real world could be obtained via data fusion and computational embedded hardware systems. This paper presents a new perspective to Bomb Detection Technology (BDT) using an integration model that is based on the Internet of Things (IoT)ideology. QoS performance evaluation of selected algorithms, that is, the LEACH, Direct, as well as, a proposed cluster head (CH) algorithm for event based sensing and communication within an IoT deployment context was undertaken. Detection of suicide bombers and their related security frontiers is addressed in the IoT integration processed at the network level. The obtained results validate the need to integrate WSN devices into the IoT stack. In this regard, the IoT based CH algorithm is proposed for efficient communication system and energy utilization in bomb detonation hardware designs
PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF MANGANESE (II) AND COPPER (II) COMPLEXES AND THEIR ADDUCT
Get PDF Bis(salicylaldehydato) manganese (II) and Bis(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-Naphthyl)-1,3-butanedionato) copper(II), their 2,2'-bipyridine, ethylenediamine, 1,10-phenanthroline and tetramethylethylenediamine adducts have been synthesized and characterized by metal analysis, FT-IR, UV–Visible, magnetic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity. The complexes and adducts were obtained as brown, yellow or light green colour. The metal analyses were in close agreement with the theoretical values expected. The infrared spectra of the manganese(II) complex revealed the coordination of salicylaldehyde through the carbonyl group and the hydroxyl group, while 2,2'-bipyridine, ethylenediamine, 1,10-phenanthroline and tetramethylethylenediamine coordinated to the metal through the nitrogen atoms. The magnetic moment data suggests low-spin octahedral geometry for [Mn(sal)2(H2O)2] (?eff = 2.14 B.M), high-spin octahedral geometries for [Mn(sal)2(en)].5H2O (?eff = 5.50 B.M), [Mn(sal)2(phen)] (?eff = 6.2 B.M),[Mn(sal)2bipy](?eff =5.95 B.M) and [Mn(sal)2(tmen)](?eff =5.98 B.M.). The electronic measurements are indicative of a probable four-coordinate square planar geometry for [Cu(tfnb)2] while five-coordinate square pyramidal geometry are proposed for the copper(II) adducts. The complexes and adducts were screened against various bacteria and fungi. The copper complex and adducts were moderately active against fungal strain except [Cu(tfnb)2] and [Cu(tfnb)2en] in Aspergillus niger which showed pronounced activity and resistance respectivel
WHALE OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL LOCATION AND SIZING OF RENEWABLE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Get PDFRenewable generation is a viable source of clean and smart energy in a modern distribution network. Thus, the synergy between photovoltaic and small-hydropower yields a complementary and uninterruptible power output. However, location and sizing mostly affect operational output. This paper presents a combined Voltage Stability Index estimation (VSI) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) for the optimal allocation of renewable-based energy sources. The nodes voltage stability index is ranked to signal the whale optimization selection of candidate solution agents at each algorithm iterations. Thereby turning the Distributed Generation (DG) node selection into non-random mode to improve simulation time and performance. The WOA technique is modeled using the hunting activities of whales and analysed on IEEE 33 bus systems. The results confirm the algorithm’s improved performance of 89% voltage improvement and 48.50 power loss reduction for single PV integration. The technique ensures efficient network resource management for improved output
SUITABLE SYNGAS FOR FISCHER TROPSCH PRODUCED FROM BAMBOO CULMS IN A NEWLY DESIGNED DOUBLE OPPOSITE PIPE FLUIDIZED BED GASIFIER
Get PDFThe spread of biomass in each nation makes it the world’s largest and most sustainable renewable energy resources. The bamboo culms (BC) are abundantly available in Nigeria, but untapped. However, adequate preparation and transformation of biomass into synthesis gas in a suitably designed biomass gasifers was vigorously pursued. A bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG) was designed using fluidization dynamic principle and standard procedure in the literature. The gasifier was attached with two opposite extended torispherical heads inclined at angle of 60 oC to the reactor to ensure high carbon conversion of raw material by inducing high degree of turbulence and perfect mixing, The bamboo gasification results shows that operating with an equivalence ratio of 0.36 and bed temperature of 870? gives a corresponding syngas volumetric composition of H2, CO2, CO and CH4 as 28.14%, 14.61%, 8.43% and 1.12% respectively, with syngas yield of 3.19 m3/kg. The H2/CO ratio of 1.93 implies that it is suitable for Fischer Tropsch technology. The obtained results however showed that the BC (bamboo culms) should be utilized as an alternative energy source in the energy diversification plan in Nigeria through gasificatio
SIZE AND SHAPE CHARACTERISATION OF TACCA INVOLUCRATA TUBERS
Get PDFPhysical properties of crops are useful for proper design of processing machines and handling equipment. This study was designed to determine selected size and shape characteristics of tacca tubers using standard procedures. The physical characteristics determined include geometrical attributes, gravimetric properties and shape indicators. Length, width, thickness, Arithmetic Mean Diameter, Geometric Mean Diameter and Equivalent Mean Diameter of tacca tubers ranged from 34.81-114.24, 20.05-94.58, 22.48-87.81, 29.72-97.92, 28.82-97.36 and 29.51-97.38 mm, respectively. Projected areas along the three mutually-perpendicular axes ranged from 6.03-80.35, 5.89-61.48 and 8.40-82.79 cm2 respectively. Surface area and criterion area ranged from 26.10-297.88 and 6.77-74.87 cm2 respectively. Mass, volume and density ranged from 14.80-566.40 g, 13.00-460.00 cm3 and 915.15-2,625.00 kg/m3 respectively. Shape characteristics namely sphericity, aspect ratio, shape index, eccentricity and elongation ratio ranged from 60.32-99.03%, 0.52-0.99, 1.01-2.47, 0.11-0.85 and 1.01-1.91 respectively. Volume of the assumed ellipsoid shape was closer to the actual volume, indicating that tacca tubers are closer to being ellipsoidal in shape. The study has provided information that could serve as a guide in the design of systems for sorting, processing and handling tacca tubers
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESOURCES IN CELLULAR MOBILE NETWORKS
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of network power characteristics, in order to be able to address the basic power estimation and behavior under extreme load conditions, these being the main resources in a cellular network. Currently, one of the biggest challenge is continuous growth of energy consumption by cellular infrastructure equipment, especially base station which take up to 80% in total of input energy into cellular networks. A set of good metric were proposed that significantly reflect the energy efficiency and allow for performance to be evaluated. These metrics include Energy Consumption Index (ECI) that measures efficiency of power utilization for a base station, its lower value indicate better energy efficiency and Performance Indicator (PI) measures power consumption per coverage area, its higher values indicates better energy efficiency. The effect of traffic, interference and path loss exponent on the energy efficiency of cellular network were investigated and the analysis results obtained by Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations were discussed based on the proposed energy efficient model. When considering heaviness index and minimum traffic rate, the numerical results show that there exist a maximum value for energy efficiency under each parameter configuration. The maximal energy values are 0.52, 0.43.0.24 and 0.22 bits/Hz/Joule corresponding to the intensity ratio of MSs to BSs of 105, 78, 120 and 82, respectively. The proposed energy efficient metrics provide effective means for design objective and evaluating the performance efficiency of components of cellular network
OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS IN ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM CASSAVA WASTE SLURRY
Get PDFThe production of ethanol from renewable material is a sustainable avenue of ethanol production. This study focused on optimizing parameters affecting the production of ethanol generated from cassava waste slurry. The waste generated from cassava were characterized using proximate analysis. The proximate analysis results showed that the cassava waste slurry contain more moisture, volatile matter and fixed carbon. Central composite experimental design (CCD) was used to design and model the process with 50 experimental runs. CCD, with quadratic models explored the combined effect of five independent variables namely, temperature, PH, sugar concentration, time, and feed rate of the fermenting medium. The process parameters were optimized to obtain the optimal yield, purity and specific gravity. The experimental result showed that the maximum ethanol yield of 26% was obtained at a temperature of 400C, pH of 4, sugar concentration of 0.125, production time of 0.5hrs and feed value of 250ml. The statistical analysis of the yield, purity and specific gravity showed correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.88, 0.91 and 0.82 respectively. The effect of the process parameters showed that increase in the reaction temperature, feed, time, and pH increases the yield of ethanol while increase in the sugar concentration decreases the ethanol yield. The optimization result showed that the optimal yield of 10.54%, purity of 5.76% and specific gravity of 0.26 were obtained at reaction temperature of 30.06 ?C, pH of 5.40, sugar concentration of 0.30ml/dm3 and reaction time of 1.03 hours