International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology (IJAMB)
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Exosome-loaded alginate hydrogels as modulators of B16-F10 melanoma cell migration: Sodium alginate hydrogels with exosomes
No full textExosomes have gained attention as promising therapeutic agents in cancer treatment due to their ability to influence target cell phenotypes and modulate immune responses. Their role in tumor biology, however, is influenced by several factors, including the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), culture conditions, and the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow MSCs of Sprague-Dawley rats, incorporated into alginate hydrogels (AH), on the migration and viability of murine melanoma (B16-F10) cells. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hydrogels preserved their structural integrity after exosome incorporation. Both AH and exosome-loaded AH (AHE) exhibited no cytotoxic effects, as the viability and colony-forming capacity of B16-F10 cells remained comparable to untreated controls. Notably, AHE significantly suppressed tumor cell migration, a critical step in cancer metastasis, whereas AH alone had no effect. These findings indicate that exosomes retained their functionality within the hydrogel matrix, effectively modulating cell migration. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of exosome-loaded hydrogels in regulating cancer cell behavior. Nonetheless, further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and optimize the clinical application of exosome-integrated hydrogels
Enhanced bone implant with porous polypropylene matrix coated with chitosan and hydroxyapatite: Bone Implant Potential: Porous Polypropylene Matrix Coated with Chitosan and HA
No full textPorous polymer matrix based on functionalized polypropylene coated with chitosan and hydroxyapatite was prepared to evaluate its body response and establish its ability to induce osteointegration and/or osteoconduction. 12 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups corresponding to 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks of healing; a 5x1 mm bone defect was created in the proximal diaphysis of both tibiae. In the right member the composite to evaluate was introduced and the left member was used as control. Animals were sacrificed by CO2 chamber and a radiographic and histological study was done. The implanted composite showed no evidence of foreign body reaction from the first week and maintained close contact with newly formed bone tissue. During the first two weeks a periosteal reaction penetrating the implant pores was observed. Osteogenic buds observed as mesenchymal cells condensations highly vascularized and newly trabecular bone formations were found within the implant pores. New bone formation was observed until the eighth week after implantation when morpho-structural adaptation began.
We concluded this matrix coated with chitosan and hydroxyapatite exhibited osteointegrated properties because it’s structurally binding to bone and osteoconductive properties due to adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of the osteoblastic cells within their pores
Effects of the intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid on the inflammatory process and histopathological characteristics of cartilage and synovium in animals with osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Get PDFStrategic routes for 3D printing of engineered meniscal substitutes
Get PDFMeniscal injuries present challenges due to their prevalence, limited regenerative capacity, and inconsistent treatment outcomes. Printed-engineered meniscus substitutes (PEMS) offer a promising alternative. This study aimed to develop a roadmap (RMap) illustrating the current state of tissue engineering for PEMS. A review of literature on meniscus, scaffolding, bioprinting, and tissue engineering was conducted, analyzing bioprinting processes, biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules. The findings were used to evaluate biomimicry and innovation potential, producing an RMap that outlines the scientific and technological landscape, facilitating knowledge management and guiding the development of commercially viable PEMS
Nanoceramic materials for bone regeneration: a systematic review in animal experimental studies
Get PDFNanoceramic materials re used for bone healing. However, the diversity of nanoceramics and the different manufacturing methods used in literature make results difficult to compare. In this context, the purpose of this study was to perform a literature systematic review examining the effects of different nanoceramic materials in bone healing. The search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) orientations and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) descriptors: “bone tissue”, “nanomaterial”, “ceramic” and “animal studies”. 162 articles were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases. After elegibility analyses, 29 papers were included (covering a 2007 and 2020 period). Results demonstrated that the commonest materials were Hydroxiapatite, Bioglass, Ttricalcium Phosphate and Bicalcium Phosphate, alone or associated with other materials or drugs. In vivo results showed that nanoceramic materials promoted bone healing in different animals models. As conclusion, nanoceramic materials are excellent candidates as bone grafts due to their bioactivity and good bone interaction
3D printed hydroxyapatite-collagen from tilapia skin scaffolds for bone tissue engineering proposals
Get PDFBone possesses an inherent capacity for healing fractures, thereby restoring tissue structure and biomechanical properties. However, conditions such as osteoporosis, tumors, and infections can hinder and prolong the healing process, resulting in non-union fractures. Biomaterials, notably hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen (Col), play a pivotal role in fracture treatment by fostering bone cell differentiation and new bone formation. HA mimics bone mineral components, while Col represents the organic matrix. Biomimetic scaffolds combining HA/Col, particularly utilizing natural collagen-like that sourced from fish, have garnered attention for their demonstrated osteogenic and angiogenic potential. Additionally, advancements in 3D printing technology enable the fabrication of scaffolds with interconnected pores. This study evaluates the physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity of 3D-printed HA and HA/COL scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy shows uniformity in HA scaffolds and a fibrous appearance in HA/COL scaffolds. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy distinguishes characteristic peaks of HA and COL. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals varying calcium/phosphate ratios. Over 21 days, mass loss rates, pH, and swelling ratios differ between scaffold types. MTT assay results demonstrate increased cell viability and non-cytotoxicity in HA and HA/COL scaffolds compared to controls, indicating the promise of HA/COL scaffolds for bone regeneration
Special Edition Submission: Dr. Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva
No full textThere are texts that are easy to write and then there are others that have such an emotional significance that are much harder. I was invited to write about Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva, a Brazilian researcher that had and continues to have a worldwide impact in the scientific, academic and industrial domain. He had a significant scientific contribution worldwide, but his greatest impact was the friendships that he created with everyone that had the opportunity of meeting him
Bioprinting for Skin: Current Approaches, Technological Advancements and the Role of Artificial Intelligence: Bioprinting for Skin: Approaches, Advancements and Artificial Intelligence
No full textBioprinting is a technique adapted from 3D printing to create biological constructs, including high-quality skin substitutes. It matches or exceeds the quality of traditional fabrication methods, offering precision, consistency and speed, critical attributes for large-scale production. A variety of materials are used, most of them natural, such as alginate, chitosan and gelatin, with cells incorporated into the bioink. These cells may belong to the replicated tissue or include stem cells that can differentiate into the desired cell types. Bioprinting enables precise placement of the skin’s layers: hypodermis, dermis and epidermis, allowing for replication of the skin’s complex architecture. Notably, bioprinted skin constructs can closely resemble native tissue, even forming structures like hair follicles and glands as the incorporated cells grow, migrate and differentiate. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have recently been applied to enhance efficiency, precision and success. AI tools reduce trial and error by optimizing parameters, bioink composition and quality control. This review explores bioprinting methods, materials and advancements, including in situ bioprinting, the use of robotic devices and the emerging role of artificial intelligence
Influence of viscosity and velocity of administration on the performance of hyaluronic acid as a vehicle for bioprinting and injectable cell therapy: a computer simulation approach and in vitro validation
Get PDFBackground: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polymer widely used as a vehicle in injectable cell therapy for the treatment of arthropathies. Objective: To estimate, through computational simulations and in vitro validation, the influence of HA’s physicochemical properties and administration speed on the shear stress generated in the syringe/needle system, as well as the associated risk to cell viability during administration. Methods: The influence of viscosity was evaluated by considering the rheological parameters corresponding to HA concentrations of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 mg/mL. For assessing the impact of administration speed, values representative of the typical speed range used in clinical procedures were considered. Simulations were used to estimate shear stress as a function of administration speed for each viscosity level. Results: The findings revealed a directly proportional relationship between viscosity and administration speed with the magnitude of shear stress. Notably, the highest viscosity formulation, when administered at the fastest speed, reached "critical values" of shear stress associated with mechanical damage to cell membranes and cell death. Conversely, lower viscosity HA exhibited reduced stress levels, indicating it as the potentially preferred formulation for injectable cell therapy. The in vitro cell culture assays corroborated the computational simulation results. Conclusions: The administration of HA demonstrates a viscosity- and speed-dependent effect on shear stress, which should be carefully considered for its application in bioprinting and injectable cell therapies
Morphological analysis reveals the influence of genipin and polyvinyl alcohol on porous morphology on interpenetrated chitosan xerogels
Get PDFThe morphological characterization of xerogels composed of chitosan, genipin, and PVA demonstrates that their porous architecture is essential to their function as scaffolds for tissue engineering, with significant impacts on absorption properties, cell viability, and potential for biomedical application. SEM and microCT analysis confirmed that these xerogels possess a highly porous internal morphology, with interconnected pores forming an interpenetrating polymeric network, free from phase separation between chitosan and PVA. Hemocompatibility assays confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of these materials. Varying genipin concentrations showed that lower concentrations produce more heterogeneous pore sizes, while higher concentrations yield a uniform pore distribution, likely due to the increased availability of crosslinking sites. Additionally, the degree of anisotropy increases with both higher genipin and PVA concentrations, suggesting enhanced alignment within the three-dimensional structure. The total open pore volume, which ranges from 88% to 93%, is modifiable based on the concentrations of genipin and PVA. These insights indicate that these xerogels are viable candidates for clinical applications, particularly as potential substitutes for nucleus pulposus, given their high swelling capacity, porosity, interconnectivity, biocompatibility, and adaptable morphological characteristics