International Journal of Agricultural and Life sciences (Skyfox Publishing Group)
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Food Safety Regulation and Standards for Food Processing and Incubation centres
Full text linkFood standards, legislation, and regulations have tremendous effect on food safety and quality around the world. The safety of food is fundamental to all consumers. They must have confidence that the food they buy and eat is as expected, safe, and that they are protected by fraud (Food Standards Agency, 2009). Globally, food and health agencies have been looking into this matter very seriously and have developed various legislations as guidance to both food businesses and consumers. It is essential for all food manufacturers and food establishments to adhere to these standards
Diatom of Interest as Food Source: Biochemical Composition of Hydrographic, Seasonal Diversity, Distribution and Abundance in Pamban Area of Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India: Chapter 5
No full textIn this study, 62 species of diatoms were identified. Spatio-temporal analysis of diatom community composition revealed that Amphora lineata Gregory, Amphora ovalis (Kutzing), Amphora proteus Gregory, Bacteriastrum hyalinum var. Princeps (Castracane) Ikari, Cyclotella striata (Kutz), Grun. Mastogloya Arabica, navicula sp, and surirella armoricana were the main species observed during the study period.A study was conducted to identify the abundance of diatoms and environmental factors that affect the growth of diatoms in the region and to identify major changes in diatom species according to seasonal changes. Community analysis revealed that diversity, abundance, uniformity and low winter season while dominance were pre-monsoon. In this record non-quantitative multidimensional scaling method (MDS) of the Bray-Curtis ordination, the highest similarity (82.55%) was observed for the abundance of diatoms at observation sites 2 and 3 before and after the 2014 monsoon. 1, Art. The similarity for Monsoon 3 in 2015 was the lowest at 16.32%. Comparison of our results with previous studies revealed that nitrate and ammonia are the main factors that have the greatest influence on diatom distribution. Community structure studies have shown that the pre-monsoon and monsoon season are most favorable for diatom production in the Pamban region of Mannar Bay
Response of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seed Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Irrigated Bread Wheat in the lowlands of Eastern and South Eastern of Oromia, Ethiopia
Full text linkThe main factors responsible for low yield are less or more plant population and inadequate crop nutrition. As the plant density increases, the competition for resources especially for nitrogen also increases that badly affects the ultimate yield. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at five multi-location of lowlands of Oromia in three zones, Bale (Dalomena and Sawena), East Shewa (AdamiTulu and Lume), and East Hararghe (Bedeno) districts in 2020/2021 off-season to investigate the response of nitrogen and seeding rates on the growth, yield and yield components of bread wheat variety under irrigation. The treatments consisted of five rates of nitrogen 0, 23, 46, 69, 92 kg ha-1 and three seed rates (125, 150 and 175 kg/ha) of Kakaba variety. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the parameters studied. The results of this study revealed that the soil was improved in little beat in PH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus. The combined effects of nitrogen and seed rates significantly influenced the irrigated bread wheat growth parameters. However, nitrogen had more profound effects in enhancing the growth response of the crop than seeding rates. The combined mean effect of the nitrogen and seed rates was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, seed per spike, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index, whereas, significantly not influenced total tiller per plant, effective tiller per plant and thousand grain weight. The results showed that the maximum grain yield and harvest index were recorded at a seeding rate of 150 kg ha-1 with nitrogen rates of 92 N ha-1 and also at 125 kg ha-1 and 69kg N ha-1. Biological yield recorded at a seeding rate of 175 kg/ha with nitrogen rates of 69 kg N ha-1. The economic analysis also revealed that for a treatment to be considered worthwhile to farmers (100% marginal rate of return), application of 69 kg N ha-1 with 125 kg seed rate N are profitable and recommended for farmers in the study area and similar agro-ecologies
Response Influence of Sowing Dates Impact Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Infestation in Cucumber Crops (Cucumis sativus L.)
Full text linkThe experiment conducted in a private cucumber field, Ibshway Center, Fayoum governorate, Egypt aimed to assess the influence of sowing dates on the infestation of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) in cucumber crops (Cucumis sativus L.). The study was carried out over two consecutive years, namely 2018 and 2019. During this period involved three planting dates were considered, namely March, August, and October. Weekly B. tabaci counts were recorded and compared across the different planting dates. According to the results, B. tabaci reached the highest peak of abundance in March sowing date in the second week of May 2018 and in the fourth week of April 2019 and presented by 825 and 1086 individuals/sample, respectively. While, in August sowing date, B. tabaci recorded the highest peak of abundance in the second week of October 2018 and in the third week of October 2019 and presented by 1432 and 1656 individuals/sample, respectively. August sowing date recorded the highest percentage of B. tabaci dominance during the two years 2018 and 2019 and presented by 50.6 and 48.9%, respectively. March sowing date recorded the lowest percentage of B. tabaci dominance during the two years 2018 and 2019 and presented by 23.7 and 25.3%, respectively
Development and Optimization of a Novel Health Drink Comprising Seaweed, Algae, and Lab from Food Waste Origin: Chapter 13
No full textMillet-based health beverages are gaining popularity as individuals increasingly seek nutritious and innovative alternatives to traditional drinks. These health drinks not only hold commercial viability but also boast notable therapeutic and nutritional attributes. This study specifically focused on crafting a novel fermented health drink utilizing proso millet as a foundational ingredient, complemented by seaweed and SCP for added nutrient supplementation and therapeutic potential. Proso millet, abundant in proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and polyphenols, stands out as a gluten-free option, catering to individual’s intolerant to gluten. Its high lecithin content contributes to neurological health. Seaweeds, particularly Sargassum sp., emerge as a noteworthy source of bioactive chemicals with potential health benefits, offering phenols and polysaccharides that aid in blood sugar and blood pressure regulation. The inherent antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Sargassum sp make it a promising therapeutic agent. Chlorella sp, a commercially produced unicellular green algae, is recognized worldwide as a nutritional supplement rich in minerals and vitamins, including D and B12.The health drink sample exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity, and a detailed nutritional analysis revealed elevated protein content due to the inclusion of spirulina and chlorella spp. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results highlighted a rich array of metabolites in the beverage, contributing to metabolic health. The synergistic combination of proso millet, seaweed, and chlorella presents a diverse range of nutritional benefits, offering a holistic approach to enhancing overall health and well-being for consumers
A Comprehensive Review of Different Nano – Biocomposite Materials Used in The Food Packaging Industry
Full text linkNanotechnology is the ability to manipulate materials at the nanoscale, which is approximately 1300nm in size. At this scale, particles have a significantly large surface area and display unique characteristics, including electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. As a valuable tool, nanotechnology has been employed in the food industry to enhance production processes and improve food quality. It is estimated that by 2023, approximately 1400 food and agricultural companies will actively engage in research related to nanotechnology. The impact of nanotechnology on the food industry is far-reaching and encompasses various aspects such as food processing, product formulations, food safety and biosecurity. One notable advancement is in the development of intelligent, active, and smart food packaging systems. With nanotechnology, food packaging can now possess sophisticated features that help monitor freshness levels, control microbial growth, and provide other benefits that extend shelf life. This revolutionizes conventional packaging methods by promoting optimal preservation of products while maintaining high standards of safety for consumers. In conclusion, nanotechnology continues to transform the way we produce and consume food through its innovative applications in the industry. Its potential for improving efficiency and enhancing food quality makes it an essential component for future advancements in the field of agriculture and nutrition
Probiotics and Prebiotics in Siddha System of Medicine: Chapter 1
No full textWorldwide Siddha system is one of the longstanding traditions in treating with safe and effective methods by Siddhars, who are experts in living a healthy life from dietetics, life style modifications and preventing, curing diseases in a holistic way. In the methodology of science, definitions are distinctly established, with the International Scientific Association for probiotics and prebiotics (ISAPP). Generally, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and other lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) have been used in probiotics, foremost isolated from fermented by products of milk and microbiome present in faecal materials. Siddha medicines are prepared from herbs, minerals, herbo-mineral, metals, and animal products. Primarily some of the herbs and several animal products are purified using buttermilk before they are formulated into medicine. Chooranam (Medicinal powder) particularly Thayirchundi chooranam that prepared using five kinds of salts, dried ginger, sour curd in greater quantity, is repeatedly dried in sunlight and powdered that is best used in diarrhoea with undigested food particles. Most of the Siddha medicines are prepared using dairy products milk and ghee are aswagandha legium (Withania somnifera), panchadepakini legium, thettrankottai legium (Strychnos potatorum), venpoosani legium (Benincasa hispida). Medicines used in paediatric diseases are prepared with ghee, butter, butter milk, milk, curd are veliparuthi nei (pergularia damia), paruthi (Gossypium arboreum), othiyampattai (Lannae cormandelica). Ayajambira karpam is fermented with gingely oil for 40 days then is given for anaemia and rejuvenating the body. Bhavana kadukkai (Terminalia chebula) is prepared by purifying with fermented rice washed water for three days, and is treated for many of disease like asthma, anorexia, splenomegaly, sinusitis, vomiting, diarrhoea, anaemia, pitham, and rathapitham
Elevating Health with Cordyceps Militaris: The Ultimate Food Supplement: Chapter 9
No full textCordyceps Militaris, a species of medicinal mushroom, has been revered in traditional Asian medicine for its potential health-enhancing properties. In recent years, scientific research has been exploring its nutritional composition and bioactive compounds, shedding light on its promising health benefits. This review paper provides an in-depth examination of Cordyceps Militaris as a food supplement, focusing on its potential health benefits, scientific evidence supporting its efficacy, and safety considerations. The nutritional profile of Cordyceps Militaris is diverse, comprising proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, nucleosides, vitamins, minerals, and more, which work synergistically to offer potential advantages. Studies and traditional usage suggest that Cordyceps Militaris may support the immune system, enhance energy and endurance, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, promote respiratory health, help regulate blood sugar levels, and have potential cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects. While scientific evidence supporting its efficacy is growing, caution is warranted, as more extensive human trials are required to draw definitive conclusions. Optimal dosage and usage guidelines are discussed, emphasizing the importance of consulting healthcare professionals before incorporating Cordyceps Militaris supplements into daily regimens. Safety considerations and precautions are outlined to address potential risks, particularly for individuals with allergies, underlying health conditions, or those taking medications. As research continues to unfold the potential of Cordyceps Militaris, this review paper provides valuable insights for those seeking to explore the realm of this ultimate food supplement
Anthropometry Measurement of Tribal Children (Kurmi-Santal) Aged from 4- 12 Years on their Nutrition in Ranibandh Block of West Bengal, India: Chapter 11
No full textIn Developing country, many tribal children are facing malnutrition issues in remote area of Ranibandh block of Bankura district in West Bengal which severely affects the health of children. This cross-sectional survey, the study of aims is to know the various factors and status of nutritional in different aged group 4 to 12 years of tribal children The cross-sectional study of total 351 children’s (190 boys & 161 girls) is assessedin Ranibandh block during April, 2021- September,2022. To ensure better understanding of nutrition status, there are some strategies which is followed for analysis, such as, Interview method with questionnaire, Anthropometrics measurement of children is measured with standard procedure and analyzed parameters were weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and body mass index (BMI) against age for children and also find out their stunting, wasting and underweight. There were Z-scores &amp;lt;-2.0 SD reference to WHO standards. There was a significance statistical value 0.05. Total prevalence in underweight, stunting, wasting was 60.12%, 59.28%, & 47.67%, respectively. Tribal children were suffering from severe underweight, acute nutritional stress and References to WHO classification, malnutrition, underweight and wasting was very high severe. There are found that tribal children nutritional status is weak than the general children according to their height, weight, BMI and under nutrition. It resulted that tribal children are facing a number of nutrient deficiencies with standardized RDA. There is importance for nutritional upliftment of community in long run and also need nutritional garden which helped accessibility and food security of tribal community and also need to govt. approved nutritional funding polices
A Review on Valorisation of Food Scraps and Derivatives: Chapter 6
No full textAgricultural food waste such as fruit and vegetable scraps are a significant resource for farmers who can use these wastes to grow new plant. The valorization process involves using these agricultural food waste to produce animal feed and then using the resulting animal feed to produce meat or milk. Currently, most of the agricultural food waste is used in the form of methane gas, which is a potent greenhouse gas that cause global warming. The value-added products which are fine chemicals, nutraceuticals, antioxidants, bio-actives, biopolymers and many more are used to increase the value of a product. They help to reduce the cost of production and insure a high profit margin for companies. The average American throws away nearly two pounds of food per which add up to 1,200 worth of food each year. There are several valorization methods which are sustainable and profitable to manage. The most common methods of valorization are pyrolysis, composting, landfilling, and gasification