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Impact of Risk Information on Health Beliefs and Behaviours: Experimental Evidence
No full textThe local prevalence of infections and the severity of their consequences are among the key determinants of the adoption of preventive behaviours against infectious diseases. In Bangladesh, where local COVID-19 infection statistics were not readily accessible, I found that most people underestimated the local prevalence of COVID-19 infections while overestimated the fatality rate. In a randomized experiment, the treatment group was provided with information about the coronavirus case numbers in their districts, along with the case fatality rate in Bangladesh and globally. Immediately after receiving this information, the treatment group perceived a higher infection risk. Nine to fifteen days post-intervention, those who received information were less likely to underestimate the local prevalence and, consequently, still perceived a higher infection risk. They also updated their belief about the fatality rate downward. Potentially due to this countervailing update of risk beliefs, the information had no effect on self-reported preventive behaviours
Reconstructing the 800,000-Year History of C4 Herbs on the Chinese Loess Plateau Using n-Alkane Carbon Isotopes
No full textC4 plants constitute a critical component in the modern ecosystem on the semi-arid Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), and the changes in their abundances and distributions on geological time scales in response to climate factors such as temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 are a subject of intense investigation and debate. Reliable reconstruction of the percentage of C4 plants and a better understanding of its long-term variations in association with environmental and climatic changes are essential for interpretation of terrestrial ecosystem evolution. In this paper, we determine the carbon isotope and biomass characteristics of leaf wax on the CLP. We identify Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng as the dominant C4 grass, which accounts for ∼90% of the total C4 grass biomass and an average of 70% of the herbaceous community in the area. Using CO2 and precipitation corrected carbon isotope compositions from leaf wax n-alkanes as a proxy, we reconstruct a continuous history of C4 vegetation changes on the CLP during the Pleistocene. Our data indicate that a persistent grassland ecosystem existed on the tableland of the CLP, with C4 plants accounting for up to 40–53% during interglacial phases and 24–40% during glacial phases. Our findings suggest that temperature and precipitation, influenced by the East Asian monsoon, are key factors affecting the abundance of C4 vegetation in the region. The interactions with the monsoonal climate with warm-season precipitation in this grassland ecosystem throughout the past eight glacial cycles have important implications for the inhabitation of ancient humans in this region and underscore the challenges of vegetation restoration on the CLP under the projected warmer climate in the near future
Baccalaureate Service 2024, May 17, 2024 [video]
No full textAn interfaith Thanksgiving ceremony for graduates, their families, and their friends. Bryant chaplains lead the ceremony, which features music, readings, and reflection. Graduating seniors do not wear caps and gowns to this event and may sit with their families
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AI Literacy in Teaching and Learning: A Durable Framework for Higher Education
No full textThis report presents a comprehensive framework for AI Literacy in Teaching and Learning (ALTL) in higher education, addressing the need for institutions to adapt to the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI). The framework equips students, faculty, and staff to engage effectively and ethically with AI technologies in academic and professional contexts.
ALTL involves understanding AI fundamentals, critically evaluating AI applications, and maintaining vigilance against misuse and bias. The framework provides tailored definitions, competencies, and outcomes for students, faculty, and staff, focusing on four key areas: Technical Understanding, Evaluative Skills, Practical Application, and Ethical Considerations.
For students, ALTL emphasizes understanding and ethically applying AI in academic contexts. The focus for faculty is on integrating AI in teaching, research, and administrative responsibilities. Staff concentrate on supporting AI implementation in administrative and operational processes.
The framework emphasizes proactive fostering of AI literacy to mitigate risks, maximize potential, and maintain a competitive edge. It emphasizes responsible AI use, addressing issues such as bias, privacy, and data security.
Recommendations include adopting and adapting this framework to institutional needs, developing comprehensive training programs, integrating AI literacy into existing curricula, establishing policies for responsible AI use, fostering continuous learning, and regularly assessing AI literacy initiatives.
By implementing this ALTL framework, institutions can lead in AI integration in education, preparing their communities to thrive in an AI-driven world while upholding ethical standards and fostering critical thinking