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The Future of Professional Sports’ Audiences: How Organizational Cultures and Social Media Usage Impact MLB’s Ability to Appeal to Younger More Diverse Fanbases
Get PDFProfessional sports organizations are continually attempting to broaden their fanbases and appeal to different groups. Major League Baseball (MLB) has particularly struggled to attract younger more diverse fans. Current literature has focused on the ability of social media and front office representation to cultivate social identification and organizational commitment to broaden existing fanbases across all American professional sports. The purpose of this study is to identify how MLB clubs are adapting to combat a diminishing fanbase and how to effectively diversify their reach. Qualitative research was conducted through twenty interviews of MLB and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) front office employees. Content analysis software, NVivo, was used to categorize interview data identifying three central themes salient to all organizations interviewed: organizational culture, social media usage, and DEI initiatives. Results indicate that diverse representation in the front office, theme nights, youth baseball & softball programs, community partnerships, informative social content, viral content and trends, and showcasing team highlights are the key protocols used in MLB and MiLB clubs to build a younger more diverse fanbase. This research contributes to the field of sports management by providing a comprehensive understanding of what strategies regarding social media and DEI effectively garner a wider scope of fans in MLB and MiLB. This enhances the knowledge surrounding the progression of professional sports fans and the future of MLB
Price Transparency in International Retailing on Digital Platforms
No full textPurpose
In the digital era, price transparency—the practice of disclosing cost breakdowns in product manufacturing—has become present on digital platforms. Although its benefits are well-documented and consumers should theoretically desire costless and relevant information for informed decision-making, this paper proposes that consumers may resist overly transparent pricing, particularly when it pertains to premium-priced (vs regular-priced) products from countries with high equity. Design/methodology/approach
Our research comprises three experimental studies utilizing both student and representative online Prolific samples, covering various products and countries with different equity levels. Initially, a pilot study identifies an interpersonal should-want conflict induced by price transparency when purchasing premium-priced products, leading to information avoidance. Subsequent studies further explore this phenomenon by examining the moderating role of country equity and the mediating role of price unfairness perceptions. Findings
Price transparency can backfire when purchasing premium-priced products due to the want-should conflict among consumers—the desire to receive disclosure of cost breakdowns versus the inclination not to view it. This conflict results in increased resistance to receiving transparent price information and decreased brand attitudes and purchase intentions, especially for products originating from high-equity countries. Heightened perceptions of price unfairness explain these dynamics. Research limitations/implications
The study primarily relies on experimental designs with limited sample sizes. To enhance the generalizability of the findings, incorporating large-scale real market data across diverse domains and countries would be beneficial. Originality/value
Grounded in the should-want conflict and information avoidance theories, this paper uniquely explores the adverse effects of price transparency on digital platforms. We extend this by demonstrating that this conflict is influenced by country equity, where the perceived value added by the association of a product with a given country name affects whether consumers experience the conflict. Our investigation of perceived price unfairness further deepens our understanding of the nuanced effects of price transparency
How the Current Economy Will Affect Generation Z\u27s Ability to Retire in The Future
Get PDFAs Gen Z is moving into the workforce, it is becoming more evident that they are going to have a tough time being able to retire. Generation Z, born from 1995 to 2008 is one of the youngest Generations that has seen the most financial strife in their developing years, than any other generation. Even so, this generation has seen a lot of financial struggles they will continue to see them into the future. This study looks at a variety of different factors to help determine the severity of retirement for Generation Z. Some factors that will be looked at are things like government intervention, housing, wealth versus debt, similarities to the great depression as well as predictive models and theories. Looking at the context of these factors shows how Gen Z will either prosper or be hindered in their progression of wealth and financial freedom. This study will also analyze survey results conducted to see what Gen Z’s initial ideas of retirement are, and their outlook on their future. From the data it shows that Gen Z has a favorable outlook on today’s economy but a mixed when it comes to retirement
Mega-Influencers and Brand Dynamics: Shaping Attitudes Toward Leading and Challenger BrandsThrough Electronic Word of Mouth
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to explore how mega‐influencers\u27 electronic word of mouth (eWOM) messages on social media influence consumers\u27 brand attitudes in duopolistic markets. Through three experimental studies, we observe that when mega‐ influencers send positive (vs. negative) eWOM messages about a leading brand, followers form positive (vs. negative) brand attitudes, but these effects fail to occur when influencers back challenger brands. The findings are consistent across three duopolistic market rivals (Apple vs. Samsung; UPS vs. FedEx; Nike vs. Adidas), three social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and X), and four mega‐influencers (Marques Brownlee, Gary Vaynerchuk, Kanye West, and Kylie Jenner). Findings indicate that mega‐influencers have more persuasive power when recommending or criticizing leading brands rather than challenger brands, irrespective of their follower base. The findings contribute to the marketing literature by showing that in duopolistic market contexts, mega‐influencers\u27 e‐WOM has varied effects on followers\u27 brand attitudes, depending on brand status in the market
Graduate School Commencement Exercises Program, May 16, 2024
Get PDFBryant University Graduate School Commencement Exercises Program, May 16, 2024
Karen S. Lynch
No full textKaren S. Lynch is president and chief executive officer of CVS Health®. The company touches the lives of more than 100 million people through its healthcare and pharmacy benefits management businesses, and presence in over 9,000 community health destinations across America. Lynch was featured in the TIME100 annual list of the hundred most influential people in the world in 2023. Fortune named her a top-ranking leader three years running on their Most Powerful Women in Business list
David C. Weinstein
No full textDavid C. Weinstein spent 24 years at Fidelity Investments, where he served as Chief of Administration and was a member of the firm’s Operating Committee, chaired the Ethics Committee, and led Fidelity’s government relations efforts in Washington, DC, and various states. After retiring in 2008, Weinstein founded Write the World, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization for young writers, designed to bridge literacy gaps and equip students with the skills essential for success in school, career, and life
