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Relationship of personality, high performance work practices, and work stress with work-life balance: Mediating role of work-family conflict
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to identify the relationship of personality, high performance work practices, work stress, and work-family conflict with work-life balance, along with considering the work-family conflict as a mediator. Other than work-life balance, all variables were divided into their sub constructs for a comprehensive statistical analysis. 1050 Self-administered structured questionnaires were distributed to those bank employees who were either: married, divorced, or separated; had children; and work experience of at least one year in that bank. Final data set was based on 726 employees of 277 banks in South Punjab. Results revealed that work-life balance is not just the absence of conflict, it is a separate construct. Results further revealed that personality Type B behavioral patterns, performance management and evaluation practices, and family to work conflict enhance work-life balance, and work to family conflict reduce work-life balance. Moreover, personality Type A behavioral patterns, and work related stress increase work to family conflict, and personality type B behavioral patterns, and career management practices reduce work to family conflict. However, Personality Type B behavioral patterns, and career management practices, and work environment related stress increase family to work conflict, and team working and communication practices reduce family to work conflict. Results further revealed that work to family conflict mediates the relationships of personality Type A and Type B behavioral patterns, career management practices, and work related stress with work-life balance. However, Family to work conflict mediates the relationships of personality Type B behavioral patterns, team working and communication practices, career management practices, and work environment related stress with work-life balance. These results have various pivotal organizational and social implications. If government and banks will consider these implications, they can not only enhance banks performance, but can also improve personal lives of bank employees through enhanced work-life balance
The relationship between total quality management practices and organizational sustainability in the context of industry 4.0: the mediating effect of innovative performance
No full textThe advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has motivated manufacturing companies across the globe to pursue organizational sustainability agendas. However, the obsoleteness of current organizational sustainability standards in the light of IR 4.0 has posed a challenge to companies in implementing relevant strategies to sustain a competitive edge. Although Total Quality Management (TQM) practices help organizations sustain global competitiveness, there is disagreement in the literature regarding practices that influences organizational sustainability in the context of IR 4.0. This study investigates the influential TQM soft practices on organizational sustainability in the context of IR 4.0 by exploring the relationship between TQM soft practices (i.e., leadership, customer focus, continuous improvement, employee empowerment, information and analysis) and innovative performance on sustainability in the context of Industry 4.0. It further investigates the mediating role of innovative performance on the relationship between TQM practices and organizational sustainability. The Systems theory and the European Foundation of Quality Model (EFQM) of excellence are the guiding theories employed to explain the relationship between the variables in the research model. A total of 281 owners/managers of ISO manufacturing firms, representing a response rate of 71.5%, participated in this study. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires. PLS-SEM was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Statistical results reveal that, except for leadership, TQM practices (i.e., customer focus, continuous improvement, employee empowerment, information and analysis) significantly influence sustainability. Furthermore, while innovative performance was found to be significantly related to organizational sustainability, it was also found to mediate the relationship between TQM practices (i.e., customer focus, continuous improvement, employee empowerment, information and analysis) and organizational sustainability in the context of Industry 4.0. Finally, theoretical and methodological contributions, managerial implications and recommendations for future research are discusse
The personality factors effect on capability requirements and task performance in fraud risk assessment: Forensic accountants and auditors' perspective
No full textThis study examines the relationship between fraud risk assessment (FRA) and capability requirements (knowledge, skills, and mindset) and personality factors among forensic accountants and auditors in Jordan’s public sector. It also examines the moderating effect of this relationship. The study utilises a survey method with 280 questionnaires distributed to the office of the Audit Bureau and Integrity and Anti - Corruption Commission in Jordan. Nevertheless, only 227 of the questionnaires were usable for further analysis. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLSSEM) was used to test the direct and moderating hypotheses, while the remaining four hypotheses regarding the differences among groups were tested using the Mann - Whitney U test, which is a non-parametric analysis. The study finds a positive and significant relationship between knowledge and skills (forensic accountants and auditors’ perspective) and personality factors only in terms of fraud risk assessment. Meanwhile, mindset (forensic accountants and auditors’ perspectives) does not show any effect on fraud risk assessment. Personality factors significantly moderate the relationship between skills and mindset (forensic accountants and auditors perspective) and fraud risk assessment. In contrast, personality factors do not moderate the relationship between knowledge (forensic accountants and auditors’ perspective) and fraud risk assessment. On the other hand, it was found that forensic accountants have higher levels of personality, knowledge, skills, mindset (capability requirements) and fraud risk assessment tasks than auditors. The study's findings highlight the significance of personality factors and fraud risk assessment. This study indicates that understanding these essential factors and managing them effectively would improve individual performance in the workplace. Furthermore, the present study sheds light on the importance of fraud risk assessment concerning fraud prevention, detection, and response
Pelaksanaan pembelajaran abad ke-21 (PAK21) dalam kalangan guru-guru berdasarkan model TPACK
Get PDFPAK21 was introduced in line with the Malaysia Education Development Plan 2013-2025 (PPPM) by KPM (2013). TPACK comprises seven components, namely technological knowledge (TK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), content knowledge (CK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), technological content knowledge (TCK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). TPACK21 is the combination of TPACK and PAK21. This study was conducted to identify the level of technological pedagogical content knowledge in 21st-century learning (TPACK21) of teachers as well as the level of knowledge for other components of TPACK, the relationship between TPACK and TPACK21 and the influence of the independent variables on TPACK21. Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) and 21st-century learning (PAK21) are the main foundations for this study. The study design was quantitative. One hundred seventy-five respondents from boarding school teachers (SBP) throughout Kedah were involved. This study adapted the instruments from the Measuring 21st Century Teaching and Learning and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Reliability tests were performed by researcher as well as validity tests reviewed by three experts. The findings show that all components of TPACK, namely PK, CK, TPK, TCK and PCK and TPACK21, have high levels. Meanwhile, TK has a moderately high level, and the highest level is CK. All components of the independent variables show significantly positive relationships to TPACK21. The highest correlation is between TPK and TPACK21, while the lowest is CK and TPACK21. The results of the multiple regression test show that the three independent variables which influence TPACK21 are TPK, TCK and PCK. The primary influence of this study is TPK. TPACK21 needs to be mastered by teachers, especially technological knowledge, to impact national education effectively
A culturicon design model for communication across culture
Get PDFEmoticons are important in Computer-Mediated Communication due to its capability to express emotions/actions without face-to-face meeting. However, existing emoticons are still incompatible and lack some human expressions that limit user’s selection, particularly in terms of culture. Based on the comprehensive literature review conducted, the study regarding emoticons in cultural perspective is limited and there are demand for more cultural-based emoticons to be developed. To solve the issue, this study developed a model named Culturicon Design Model (CDM) by incorporating appropriate cultural dimensions and icon design principles, where Culturicon is the combination of ‘culture’ and ‘icon’. The components of CDM were determined based on previous study’s findings. CDM was then verified through expert review by applying a convergent parallel mixed method that measured the model’s components, flow, and readability, involving 11 experts. Then, CDM was validated by applying an explanatory sequential mixed method involving two phases – validation by designers and validation by end users. Validation by designers measured the components of the model in terms of gain satisfaction, interface satisfaction, task support satisfaction, and emoticon samples’ development, involving five designers. The validation by the end user was performed through focus group discussions, involving eight participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyse focus group’s results. The final version of CDM comprises five cultural dimensions (high power distance, high collectivism, low uncertainty avoidance, moderate masculinity/femininity, and long-term relationships), and eight Human Computer Interaction (HCI) icon design principles (familiar, understandable, attractive, coherent, informative, distinct, memorable, and legible). Focus group’s result showed that the emoticon’s samples represent the cultural elements, fulfilled the HCI icon design principles, and useful in their communication across culture. CDM contributed to the body of knowledge in HCI. It can be a guideline for designers to develop Culturicon in the future, hence providing more emoticon selections from local culture to satisfy end user’s needs
An enhanced supplier selection model based on optimized analytic network process towards sustainable information technology outsourcing
Get PDFInformation Technology Outsourcing (ITO) has become part of the organization’s strategy as it offers benefits such as high-quality products, cost reduction, and increased productivity. Essentially, ITO is a complex process in which selecting the right supplier involves evaluation of multi criteria. To ensure the sustainable of the ITO project, the evaluation criteria should consider risk factors and other sustainability criteria of the project. However, existing ITO supplier selection models lack of sustainability criteria and risk factors. Moreover, these methods rely on human judgment in weight allocation. Therefore, this study proposes an Enhanced Supplier Selection Model (ESS) for sustainable ITO mainly to eliminate human judgment in Analytical Network Process (ANP) method. The ESS Model was constructed through theoretical, exploratory and experimental studies. The exploratory study was carried in Thailand using survey which involved 45 respondents. Findings from the study was used to construct evaluation criteria and become datasets for ESS. The proposed ESS Model was evaluated using expert reviews and case studies in Thailand. The ESS model contains two main components: evaluation criteria and a decision-making method. The first has nineteen (19) sustainability criteria and seven (7) risk factors. While the latter is an enhanced ANP with Firefly Algorithm (ANP-FA). The evaluation results indicate that the Consistency Ratio (CR) for ANP-FA is smaller than ANP, which is 0.003 compared to 0.031. This outcome shows that the ESS model is feasible in removing human judgment in supplier selection of ITO projects. The study’s contributions can be interpreted from two perspectives. The proposed ESS model is a theoretical contribution in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Supplier Selection in ITO project. In terms of practicality, the model has been realized in Thailand organizations to ensure the sustainability of ITO projects
Kaedah langsung blok hibrid berbilang-langkah berserta titik luar-langkah teritlak bagi menyelesaikan persamaan pembeza biasa peringkat tinggi
Get PDFWhether we realise it or not, differential equations are widely used in everyday life. Many physical phenomena problems involving rates of change can be expressed as initial value problems (IVPs) of higher order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that may not have analytical solutions. Thus, numerical methods for solving IVPs of higher order ODEs are needed. Conventionally, reduction methods were employed to convert higher order ODEs into equivalent systems of first order ODEs and then solved using the available methods. However, this approach increases the number of equations and requires more computation which may jeopardise the accuracy of the solution. Direct methods, on the other hand, are able to solve IVPs of higher order ODEs without having to reduce them to first-order ODE systems. One of the direct methods is the block method which has the capability of approximating exact solutions at multiple points simultaneously. Nevertheless, the block method has zero stability barriers and these constraints lead to the development of hybrid block methods. Most of the existing hybrid block methods were found to only consider specific off-step points for deriving the methods. Although several methods have been derived based on generalised off-step point(s), they are limited to one-step hybrid block methods. Thus, this study proposed new generalised multi-step hybrid block methods for solving IVPs of higher ODEs directly, taking into account all possible arrangements of different points in the interval. The arrangement of off-step point(s) with interior step point(s) in two-step and three-step intervals was obtained through permutation. In deriving these methods, a power series that was adopted as an approximate solution to the problems of ODEs order m was interpolated at m points while its highest derivative was collocated at all points in the interval. Investigations on the properties of the new methods such as order, error constant, zero-stability, consistency, convergence and region of absolute stability were also carried out. The eighty-four (84) newly developed methods were then used to solve a number of IVPs of higher order ODEs that had previously been tested using existing methods. The comparison in terms of errors revealed that all new methods produced more accurate solutions than existing methods when solving the same problems. Hence, the proposed methods, especially 2L4T hybrid block methods, are superior in solving IVPs of higher order ODEs
Modelling the intention to adopt cloud computing software as-a-service among IT professionals in Iraqi public organisations
Get PDFCloud Computing Software as a Service (CC-SaaS) is a distribution model established to provide IT services over the Internet in a convenient on-demand network access. CC-SaaS potentially offers significant opportunities for public organisations to enhance their governmental services without incurring the costs or the management concerns. However, the adoption level of CC-SaaS among governmental organisations is still not satisfactory, and not fully explored in unstable developing countries like Iraq. Along with the absence of an adoption model that clarify the influencing factors affecting the adoption of CC-SaaS among unstable countries like Iraq. Thus, there is a need to investigate and model the factors that may influencing the Iraqi public organisation's decision regarding the adoption of CC-SaaS. Drawing from Technology, organisation and environment (TOE), Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), and Human, Organisation, and Technology (HOT) theories, this study aims to model the intention to adopt CC-SaaS among Iraqi public organisation. A quantitative research paradigm was used in this study, 450 questionnaires were randomly distributed to IT professionals working in six randomly selected ministries. Out of this number, only 301 questionnaires were considered as usable and were analysed using PLS-SEM. Subsequently, the results show that technological, organisational, environmental, and human factors have a statistically significant relationship with CC-SaaS adoption, whereas external support and compliance with regulation was not significant. Further, the result also confirmed the positive mediating role of trust and the moderating effect of IT experience. Additionally, the findings contributed to the body of knowledge by proposing a multi-dimensional model to determine CC-SaaS adoption within public organisation. Further, CC-SaaS adoption strategy was developed based on the final model to guide the policymakers’ decision when moving forward in the adoption process by identifying the constraints that may impede the adoption of CC-SaaS
Investigating factors influencing cross-cultural adjustments of academic expatriates in Malaysia
Get PDFThis study examines the subjective experiences of academic expatriates who have taken tenure at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) and Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP). It is intended to bring to the fore the importance of these expatriate experiences in an international human resource management context in academic
institutions. By utilising a new proposed framework, the study was conducted to determine factors that may have affected and contributed to the respondents’ personal and professional experiences at their respective institutions, which lead to cross-cultural adjustments. A sample of 18 academic expatriates from both universities in the northern region of Malaysia was interviewed to investigate the relationship between the aforementioned variables in general, their interaction, and work adjustments. The expatriates' experiences were analysed and discussed using a
qualitative research methodology. Various personal and professional factors that contributed to the successful tenure of academic expatriates were discovered and further elucidated. The expatriation’s impact on the expatriates, their families, and their careers has been examined in this study. Recognition was given to the uniqueness of such subjective experiences and the contextual factors impacting upon them. The main finding of the research reveals that despite the anxieties posed by the challenges of the ‘unfamiliarity’, academic expatriates with Promethean personalities (Strong Mind-Set, Positive Attitudes, Flexible, Adaptive, etc.) would survive better and progress well. Also, academic expatriates that take social initiative acclimatise more readily to their fresh social environment, which improves their work performance. The
findings also suggested the need for both universities to develop adjustment programmes that would assist the expatriation process in providing insights and skills that could empower the individual to achieve true personal fulfilment in the pursuit of career success
Politik pengurusan keselamatan di Sabah
No full textManagement of security threats in Malaysia has been complicated by the existence of two physical territories between the Peninsula and Borneo that are separated by the South China Sea. Controlling and managing security, particularly in the Sabah territory, have faced myriad internal and external challenges. These challenges are indeed influenced by historical and political factors. This thesis, therefore, examines the role played by various Malaysian security agencies that involve in formulating policies, i.e., National Security Council (NSC) and other implementing agencies - Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF), the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP), Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA). The thesis discusses how the internal and external political dynamics have greatly challenged those agencies in managing ' 'Sabah's security. In addition, this thesis also analyses other influencing factors like ' 'Sabah's physical geography and regional politics, which could affect security agencies' effectiveness in managing the threats. This thesis applies the Developing 'Countries' National Security Theory as a major theoretical framework. The qualitative approach was used as a research design, where cross-sectional case studies and library research were adopted as the main method. The study used two major data- primary and secondary. The primary data were mainly official reports and statistics issued by the federal and state governments and interviews with the key informants. Secondary data were obtained through library research. The thesis findings show that the territory of Sabah's security management has dynamism compared to other states or territories. Its socio-economy structure, local political squabbling, and federal-state relations complicate the territory's security management. Although the Federal government is constitutionally responsible for managing Sabah's security and sovereignty, political cooperation and understanding are also crucial to ensure effective management. These factors also explain why the implementing security agencies involved face numerous policy changes. The security and political development in the Philippines also complicate Sabah's security management. This issue involves diplomatic relations between two countries and the intervention of interested actors. The security 'agencies' ability was challenged several times, among others, in the Lahad Datu incursion incident. The incident has forced the federal and state government to join hands to strengthen the security and defence of the east of Saba