University of Stirling
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Rule-Understanding, subjective preferences, and social display rules
No full textDataset 1 is a straight replication of the original true and false belief conditions in Buttelmann, Carpenter and Tomasello (2009). Materials were produced according to the description in Buttelmann et al. (2009) and we videotaped our procedure and received written feedback from the first author (David Buttelmann). Overall, 45 children between 18 and 32 months (Mage=24.47, SD=4.08, 20 girls) participated in the study. The age range was chosen to cover the range between BCT’s youngest in their sample of 18 month olds in Study 2 and their oldest in Study 1. Data were collected in the Theory of mind Child Lab of the University of Salzburg (n=20), the Parent-Toddler Group of the University of Stirling, (n=17) and in the Little Stars Nursery (n=8). Seventeen children had to be excluded because of parental/teacher error (3), fussiness (10), unclear responses (2), or because they did not respond to any helping request by opening or at least touching one of the boxes (2). The main finding in our study shows that children were more likely to help find a toy in the false belief than in the true belief condition. The data do not clearly speak against the null-hypothesis.Dataset 1, Excel spreadshee
ARCoES: Adaptation and Resilience of Coastal Energy Supply
No full textField study carried out on two dates 25th September 2014 and 23rd April 2015 on the mudflats at Lytham St. Anne’s, UK (53o43’58”N, 2o57’37”W). Sampling was carried out from 10 points on a 100 m grid. Diatoms were sampled using a variation of the lens tissue method and sediment was sampled using short cores and surface scrapes.
Concentrations of some metals in diatoms were related to the position on the mudflat, whilst others were related to sampling date indicating that there may be seasonal controls, such as diatom biomass on metal uptake from the sediment.There are nine .csv files, five files containing data and four accompanying files containing information to explain the data categories. The files are as follows;
• LythamSiteCoords.csv
Co-ordinates of sample locations used on both sampling dates
• FieldMetals.csv
Concentration (mg kg-1) data of 14 metals (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sn and Pb), analysed by XSERIES 2 ICP-MS (Thermo Scientific, Germany) for sediment, overlying water, pore water and diatom compartments at each sampling location and supporting information.
• MetadataForFieldMetals.csv
• FieldLOI.csv
Percentage organic matter in sediment (at three depths at each site) measured using the loss on ignition (LOI) method and supporting information.
• MetadataForFieldLOI.csv
• FieldParticleSize.csv
Sediment particle size data measured using a Coulter LS 230 laser granulometer and classified according to the Udden-Wentworth scale
• MetadataForFieldParticleSize.csv
• CollectionMassField.csv
Mass of diatoms (mg) collected from sediment samples in the field and laboratory on both sampling dates
• MetadataForCollectionMassField.csvThis dataset does not comply with EPSRC's research data requirements because the creator did not know of the requirement
Whole genome data reveal the complex history of a diverse ecological community
No full textIncluded are the scripts and input data needed to replicate the analyses in our manuscript, Whole genome data reveal the complex history of a diverse ecological community including python scripts and Mathematica notebooks. In brief, we provide the python scripts need to convert whole genome variant data for 13 species of gallwasps and parasitoid wasps into counts of mutational configurations in short sequence blocks. These counts form the input data for the suite of Mathematica notebooks provided that replicate the analysis pipeline outlined in Bunnefeld et al.A README text file in the folder briefly explains how to run through the analyses (which order to access scripts and notebooks and what data is in which subfolder. Dedicated UnZip software is recommended for accessing the dataset, for example, IZArc.Raw variant files are not included due to size, contact us ([email protected]) if variant files are needed. These files will be uploaded to a public sequence archive upon manuscript acceptance. Raw reads are uploaded in the short sequence archive (PRJEB15172)
Visually activating pathogen disgust
Full text linkThis dataset represents the electronic supplementary material (ESM) for the study - Visually Activating Pathogen Disgust: A New Instrument for Studying the Behavioral Immune System. This was a 7-stage, bottom-up study designed to generate a new image set for the purpose of studying the behavioural immune system. The data were collected in multiple stages from multiple samples using online surveys, whereby participants listed 5 disgust responses, completed brief questionnaires, and rated textual items and images for disgust. The ESM includes 5 files. ESM1 is a one page MS document containing 4 tables illustrating the descriptive statistics for stages 1, 3, and 5. ESM2 is an Excel file containing 2 sheets of data collected from Stage 1. Sheet 1 consists of the 460 responders and the 2,287 disgust item responses translated and collated from the 3 different language version surveys. Sheet 2 is a breakdown of the countries from which responders responded to each language version survey. ESM3 is an Excel file containing 3 sheets of data from Stage 3. Sheet 1 consists of a copy of the disgust item rating task, which includes the list of 773 items. Sheet 2 consists of the 20 participants’ ratings of the 773 disgust items, and shows the ratings standardised into z scores. Sheet 3 consists of the overall mean ratings for each item arranged in the order presented in the task in the left column grouping, the mean ratings arranged in rank order in the middle column grouping, and mean z scores of the ratings arranged by rank order in the right column grouping. The ratings for each item are also split by gender. ESM4 is an Excel file containing 2 sheets of data from Stage 4. Sheet 1 consists of the item categorisation task and shows the ratings provided by the 3 raters. Sheet 2 consists of the remaining list of items (N = 131) rated as pathogen disgust items. The final file (ESM5) is a zipped folder containing the resulting Culpepper Disgust Image Set (C-DIS), made freely available for future researchers.The data set comprises the Electronic Supplementary Material for this study. It includes a cover page and 5 ESM files. See cover page for description of each ESM file
DAASE: Dynamic Adaptive Automated Software Engineering
No full textAutomatic Design of Algorithms (ADA) shifts the burden of algorithm choice and design from developer to machine. Constructing an appropriate solver from a set of problem instances becomes a machine learning problem, with instances as training data. An efficient solver is trained for unseen problem instances with similar characteristics to those in the training set. However, this paper reveals that, as with classification and regression, for ADA not all training sets are equally valuable.
We apply a typical genetic programming ADA approach for bin packing problems to several new and existing public benchmark sets. Algorithms trained on some sets are general and apply well to most others, whereas some training sets result in highly specialised algorithms that do not generalise.
We relate these findings to features (simple metrics) of instances. Using instance sets with narrowly-distributed features for training results in highly specialised algorithms, whereas those with well-spread features result in very general algorithms. We show that variance in certain features has a strong correlation with the generality of the trained policies.
Our results provide further grounding for recent work using features to predict algorithm performance, and show the suitability of particular instance sets for training in ADA for bin packing.
This dataset includes the raw experimental data, new benchmark instances and figures for all experiments in the paper.Data sets and figures for the paper "Relating Training Instances to Automatic Design of Algorithms for Bin Packing via Features"; Alexander E.I. Brownlee, John R. Woodward, Nadarajen Veerapen; Companion Proceedings of GECCO 2018, Kyoto Japan.
figures/ is the full set of figures for the instance sets and footprints
stirling-instances/ contains the generated instances mentioned in the paper. Dir names are stir_generated_binCapacity_itemSizeLowerBound_itemSizeUpperBound. Filenames are stir_binCapacity_numberOfItems_itemSizeLowerBound_itemSizeUpperBound Format of files are the same as the Falkenauer benchmarks:
line1:number of items
line2:volume of bins
any addition lines: item size
data-wide/ contains the results of GP runs. There are three types of files in here:
- waescher_instances.txt is just a list of the instance files in a given set (Waescher in this case)
- waescher_performance_0.txt is the output from a GP run for the named instance set (Waescher here). Line 1 is the best GP program found. The remainder is tab-separated data for each bin packing instance in the set; instanceSet instanceName(usually automatically generated) numberOfBins(required when using the GP evolved packing policy)
- waescher_29_on_stir_generated_150_76_100_performance.txt is the result when running the policy that was trained on waescher (run 29), on the instances in the stir_generated_150_76_100 set. content is same as line above.
metricsAndRawBinCountsAll-allbp-trained-footprints - comma separated file with all data used for the analysis. Each row is the data for bin bin packing instance. Columns are:
- format: the file format
- set: the instance set the instance belongs to
- id: a unique ID
- file: filename containing the instance
- numberInFile: some of the files have more than one instance. This is the index within the file.
- isVolumesAreInts-ItemListCompressionRatio: the static features for the instance
- ScaledFit0_raw-ScaledFit10_raw: the performance features for the instance (number of bins required by the scaled fit policies)
- ScaledFit0_rank-ScaledFit10_dist: scaled variants of the performance features (unused in the paper)
- 2cbp_0-stir_generated_150_76_100_29: number of bins required for this instance when using the policy trained on the named set, in GP run number x
- 2cbp_footprintCount-stir_generated_150_76_100_footprintCount: number of times this instances appears in the footprint of policies trained on the names instance set. Full details are given in the README.txt file. Dedicated UnZip software is recommended for accessing the dataset, for example, IZArc
TRANSIT: Towards a Robust Airport Decision Support System
No full textAllocating efficient routes to taxiing aircraft, known as the Ground Movement problem, is increasingly important as air traffic levels continue to increase. If taxiways cannot be reliably traversed quickly, aircraft can miss valuable assigned slots at the runway or can waste fuel waiting for other aircraft to clear. Efficient algorithms for this problem have been proposed, but little work has considered the uncertainties inherent in the domain. This paper proposes an adaptive Mamdani fuzzy rule based system to estimate taxi times and their uncertainties. Furthermore, the existing Quickest Path Problem with Time Windows (QPPTW) algorithm is adapted to use fuzzy taxi time estimates. Experiments with simulated taxi movements at Manchester Airport, the third-busiest in the UK, show the new approach produces routes that are more robust, reducing delays due to uncertain taxi times by 10-20% over the original QPPTW. The raw aircraft movement data cannot be shared due to licensing restrictions: this set contains the speed data, traffic and layout scenarios, and experimental results.Data for the paper "A Fuzzy Approach to Addressing Uncertainty in Airport Ground Movement Optimisation in 1 file folder called: ForDataRepo.zip. Dedicated UnZip software is recommended for accessing the dataset, for example, IZArc
Data from 'Quantifying the potential of 'on-farm' seed priming to increase crop performance in developing countries. A meta-analysis'
No full textOver the past three decades, there has been a renewed interest in a traditional agronomic technique known as ‘on-farm’ seed priming, in part because of its simplicity and low-cost. ‘On-farm’ seed priming is a form of hydro-priming, which consists of soaking seeds in water for a number of hours, usually overnight, surface drying them (to allow limited storage) and sowing soon after. To date, only narrative reviews about ‘on-farm’ seed priming have been published; therefore, a more systematic approach, such as meta-analysis, is needed to quantitatively review this simple technology in terms of increased crop establishment and production. Meta-analysis is a powerful synthesis tool that is being increasingly adopted in agro-ecological disciplines, and using this approach will allow a large number of independent ‘on-farm’ seed priming case studies to be objectively analysed across different crop types and environments. A better understanding of the potential of ‘on-farm’ seed priming, and in which environments it could be most usefully promoted, could provide governmental institutions and policymakers in developing countries with the evidence to promote its adoption as recommended practice. The dataset here presented was generated form a literature search about "'on-farm' seed priming” carried out in ‘Web of Science Core Collection’ on 15 November 2017. This dataset contains 129 case studies from 44 papers containing paired comparison of unprimed vs. primed seed (17 crops across 10 countries in Asia and Africa).ESM1: Spreadsheet containing data from the 44 studies accounted in the meta-analysis.
ESM2: Table of levels within each potential variable affecting priming performance. aKoppen climate classes (Kottek et al. 2006).
ESM3: Table of measures used in characterizing publication bias for each effect size. 1Natural log of weighted summary effect size across case studies. 2Number of case studies imputed by the Duval and Tweedie ‘trim and fill’ method. 3Corrected summary effect after imputing missing case studies using Duval and Tweedie ‘trim and fill’ method.
ESM4: Funnel plots for each of the three dataset. The vertical line indicates the fixed effect estimate. Open circles represent case studies imputed by the Duval and Tweedie ‘trim and fill’ method
Phenotypic variation and local adaptation in clonal vs. sexual populations: a test using introduced populations of monkey flowers
No full textPolyploidisation can trigger rapid changes in morphology, ecology and genomics even in the absence of associated hybridisation. However, disentangling the immediate biological consequences of genome duplication from the evolutionary change that subsequently accumulates in polyploid lineages, requires the identification and analysis of recently formed polyploids. We investigated the incidence of polyploidisation in introduced populations of Mimulus guttatus in the United Kingdom, and report the discovery of a new mixed diploid-autopolyploid population in the Shetland Isles. We conducted a genetic analysis of six Shetland populations to investigate whether tetraploid individuals may have originated from local diploid plants, and compared the morphology of tetraploids and local diploids to assess the phenotypic consequences of genome duplication. Autotetraploids are genetically close to sympatric diploids, suggesting that they have originated locally. Phenotypically, whole genome duplication has resulted in clear differences between ploidy levels, with tetraploids showing delayed phenology, and larger flowers, leaves and stems than diploids. Our results support the hypothesis that novel evolutionary lineages can rapidly originate via polyploidisation. The newly discovered autopolyploidisation event in a non-native Mimulus population provides an opportunity to investigate the early causes and consequences of polyploidisation in the wild.One file with co-dominant marker data for diploid and tetraploid individuals of Mimulus guttatus from Shetland. Alleles are numbered sequentially for each locus. One file with vegetative and floral phenotypic data for individuals derived from diploid and tetraploid families of Mimulus guttatus collected in Shetland
European Beech Forests for the Future: Ecological, Economical, and policy analysis of beech forest conservation under the Natura 2000 Network
No full textThis dataset contains fragment lengths for 13 nuclear microsatellites and three chloroplast microsatellites for European beech (Fagus sylvatica) collected in Great Britain, Italy, France, and Germany. The data is separated into three sheets on the excel file:
1. GB_NUCLEAR_SSR_GPS_DATA - nuclear microsatellite and GPS data from Great Britain
2. GB_CHLOROPLAST_SSR_GPS_DATA - chloroplast microsatellite and GPS data from Great Britain
3. EUROPE_NUCLEAR_SSR_GPS_DATA - nuclear microsatellite and GPS data from Italy, France, and Germany.
DNA was obtained from dried leaf or cambium samples. Column headings include sample name, site number, name and code, stand history (potential site origins as deduced from historical and palynological evidence); short (1) and long (2) fragment lengths for nuclear primers (fs1-03, fs1-15, fs3-04, fs4-46, fcm5 (Pastorelli et al. 2003, Molecular Ecology Notes, 96: 76–78), mfc7 (Tanaka et al. 1999, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 99:11–15), mfs11 (Vornam et al. 2004, Conservation Genetics, 5: 561–570), sfc0007-2, sfc0018, sfc0036, sfc1143, sfc1061, and sfc1063 (Asuka et al. 2004, Molecular Ecology Notes, 4: 101–103); and, fragment lengths for chloroplast primers ccmp4, ccmp7 (Weising & Gardner 1999, Genome, 42: 9-19.), and cmcs3 (Sebastiani et al. 2004, Molecular Ecology Notes, 4: 259–261.). Samples with no peak observed for primer are marked as "NA". GPS data is given as latitude and longitude (decimal degrees), Ordnance Survey National Grid points for Great Britain, and elevation (metres) for sites in Britain and UTM Easting and Northing for sites in continental Europe.F.SYLVATICA_SSR_GPS_DATA.xlsx - Dataset containing nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite and GPS data for the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Great Britain, Italy, France, and Germany including read_me sheet with data and heading descriptions. read_me_F.SYLVATICA_SSR_GPS_DATA.pdf - PDF file describing dataset and heading descriptions.Corresponding author for dataset: Alistair Jump ([email protected]
Landmark processing in the mammalian brain: do head direction cells drive grid cells and spatial behaviour?
No full textPosition and spike data files for "Lesions of the head direction cell system increase hippocampal place field repetition" by Harland B, Grieves R, Bett D, Stentiford R, Wood ER & Dudchenko P, 2017. Lesions of the head direction cell system increase hippocampal place field repetition, Current Biology, 27 (17), pp. 2706-2712.e2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.071Position and spike Matlab files for each animal, recording session and maze configuration (parallel or radial). Dedicated UnZip software is recommended for accessing the dataset, for example, IZArc