University of Stirling
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Maintenance of tropical forest bird communities in human-modified landscapes
No full textAcoustic indices derived from remote audio recordings collected across a human-modified landscape in the Republic of Panama. Data set for "Guidelines for the use of acoustic indices in environmental research" published in the journal Methods in Ecology and Evolution. Abstract; 1. Ecoacoustics, the study of environmental sound, is a growing field with great potential for biodiversity monitoring. Audio recordings could provide a rapid, cost-effective monitoring tool offering novel insights into ecosystem dynamics. More than 60 acoustic indices have been developed to date, which reflect distinct attributes of the soundscape, (i.e. the total acoustic energy at a given location, including noise produced by animals, machinery, wind and rain). However, reported patterns in acoustic indices have been contradictory, possibly because there is no accepted best practice for the collection and analysis of audio recordings.
2. Here, we propose: (1) guidelines for designing studies using audio recordings for the rapid assessment of multiple sites, and (2) a workflow for comparing recordings with seven of the most commonly used indices, permitting discrimination among habitat-specific soundscapes. We collected and analysed over 26,000 hours of recordings from 117 sites across a range of habitats in a human-modified tropical landscape in central Panama; an order of magnitude more recordings than used in previously published studies.
3. We demonstrate that: (1) Standard error variance of indices stabilises within 120 hours of recordings from a single location. (2) Continuous recording should be used rather than sub-sample recording on a schedule; sub sampling is a common practice but delays capture of site variability and maximising total duration of recording should be prioritised. (3) Use of multiple indices to describe soundscape patterns reveals distinct diel and seasonal soundscape patterns among habitats.
4. We advocate collecting at least 120 hours of continuous recordings per site, and using a range of acoustic indices to categorise the soundscape, including the Acoustic Complexity Index, Acoustic Evenness Index, Acoustic Entropy Index and the Normalised Difference Soundscape Index. Differences among habitat types can be captured if multiple indices are used, and magnitude of variance is often more important than mean values. The workflow we provide will enable successful use of ecoacoustic techniques for environmental monitoring.Data set for "Guidelines for the use of acoustic indices in environmental research" published in the journal Methods in Ecology and Evolution. Each row holds the acoustic indices values for a 10-minute audio recording. Column headings; "Site" - 3 or 4 character site ID number where recording was collected; "Habitat" - habitat in which recording was collected; "Season" - 1 = Dry Season (Jan - May), 2 = Wet Season (June - Oct), "Deployment" - deployment number (some sites recorded twice); "Month" - calendar month; "Day.Date" - calendar day; "Hour" - hour on 24 hour clock; "Day.Number" - count of day of recording deployment; "Total.Days" - total number of days recording at each site (will be same as "Day.Number" unless this is second deployment); "Day.Rec.No" - 10-minute recording number within each day; Remaining columns are acoustic indices values - "ACImin" = Acoustic Complexity Index (value per minute of recording), "ADI" = Acoustic Diversity Index, "AEve" = Acoustic Evenness Index, "Bio" = Bioacoustic index, "H" = Acoustic Entropy Index, "M" = Median of amplitude envelope, "NDSI" = Normalised Difference Soundscape Index
Carers Preferences
No full textThis data forms part of a ESRC-Centre for Population Change scholarship project on the stated preferences of carers of older people in Scotland. The purpose of the project is to better understand the factors that may be involved in the decision to use services to meet their own needs. This dataset includes a participant and survey data used to explore the stated preferences of carers for older people towards support (including information services, training and education, practical assistance, emotional support and counselling and a short break), and relationships between carer characteristics (age, gender, carer relationship) and preference. Insights can be used to inform the selection of services and efficient and effective allocation of social care resources in Scotland.Focus group Participant Pack.docx – Recruitment advert for participants, information sheets, consent forms and a focus group schedule
Survey advert.pdf - Recruitment advert for online survey participants
Survey instrument.pdf - Discrete choice experiment survey instrument generated using Sawtooth software
Sorted_data.csv -Discrete choice experiment raw survey data (n respondents =126)
Mlogit.run.R – Code used in the multi-nomial logistic modelling of discrete choice dat
Woodland Creation & Ecological Networks (WrEN) project
No full textDataset associated with paper Fuentes-Montemayor E., Ferryman M., Watts K., Macgregor N.A., Hambly N., Brennan S., Coxon R., Langridge H. & Park K.J. (In press) "Small mammal responses to long-term large-scale woodland creation: the influence of local and landscape-level attributes" Ecological Applications. Dataset contains information on local and landscape-level characteristics of 105 woodland patches which form part of the Woodland creation and Ecological Networks project (WrEN; http://wren-project.com/). Data on small mammal abundance, number of juveniles, females and reproductively active individuals recorded at each site are also presented for individual species (Microtus agrestis, Apodemus sylvaticus and Myodes glareolus)."Small mammal responses to long-term large-scale woodland creation: the influence of local and landscape-level attributes" Ecological Applications. Dataset contains information on local and landscape-level characteristics of 105 woodland patches which form part of the Woodland creation and Ecological Networks project (WrEN; http://wren-project.com/). Data on small mammal abundance, number of juveniles, females and reproductively active individuals recorded at each site are also presented for individual species (Microtus agrestis, Apodemus sylvaticus and Myodes glareolus)
Datasets on counterfactual reasoning and false belief attribution over the lifespan (Experiment 2)
No full textIncreasing evidence suggests that counterfactual reasoning is involved in false belief reasoning. We add to this evidence by showing that a hallmark error of early counterfactual reasoning appears in a false belief test that makes that error possible. In two experiments we tested 3- to 14-year-olds and found high positive correlations (rs = .56 and rs = .73) between counterfactual and false belief questions. Children were very likely to respond to both questions with the same answer, also committing the same type of error. We discuss different theories and their ability to account for each aspect of our findings and conclude that reasoning about others’ beliefs and actions requires similar cognitive processes as using counterfactual suppositions. Our findings question the explanatory power of standard views, theory theory and simulation theory, in favour of views that explicitly provide for a relationship between false belief reasoning and counterfactual reasoning.Raw data from the experimen
DAASE: Dynamic Adaptive Automated Software Engineering
No full textThe dataset comprises fitness landscape data for "Clarifying the Differences in Local Optima Network Sampling Algorithms", S. L. Thomson, G. Ochoa and S. Verel, The 19th European Conference on Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimisation (EvoCOP, part of EvoStar 2019), 24-26 April 2019, Leipzig, Germany. The dataset is extracted local optima networks for the 30 Quadratic Assignment Problem instances that are sampled in the paper according to two different methodologies: using a snowball sampling approach, and using an iterated local search based algorithm. Also included is optimisation data for the instances, obtained by running iterated local search and robust tabu search on them multiple times.The dataset is organised into three 'zip' files. 'OptimisationRuns.zip' is the optimisation data obtained by running iterated local search and tabu search on the instances. The instances are all part of the Quadratic Assignment Problem Library (QAPLIB, http://anjos.mgi.polymtl.ca/qaplib/). 'SnowballLocalOptimaNetworkSamples.zip' and 'ILSLocalOptimaNetworkSamples.zip' contain 90 local optima networks each, in each case three for each instance, each constructed using a different set of sampling parameters. Additional details are in the 'readme.txt' file
Data for 'Are beavers a solution to the freshwater biodiversity crisis?'
No full textThese are the raw data collected in Sweden in 2012. These data include data on aquatic plants, water beetles and supporting environmental information. Beavers create wetlands by damming streams in order to stabilise water levels, a by-product of this is the ponds they create are colonised by a diverse biotic assemblage. However, the biodiversity contribution of these beaver ponds to the landscape is unknown. In order to contrast and compare biodiversity of wetlands created by beavers (n=10) and other wetlands (n=10), we collected data on two contrasting taxonomic groups (aquatic plants and water beetles) along with supporting environmental information. Per wetland, plants were surveyed in 25 (2x2m) plots with plants identified to the highest taxonomic level and their percentage abundance estimated. Water beetles were sampled by sweeping a standard pond net through the water (over a 2x2m area) for 1 min with the majority of individuals identified in the field. This was replicated 5 times per site, giving a total sample size of 100. Several environmental variables were collected as they may explain potential differences between wetland types and biotic assemblages; the extent of leaf litter, open water, woody debris, bare ground and grazing associated with each plot or sample was scored visually on the 1–5 scale as above, while mean plant height and water depth were determined from 6 replicate measurements.Sweden ENV – this file contains collected environmental variables (e.g. leaf litter, water depth, woody debris) for all surveyed plots in the study (n=500)
SwedenBeetle – this file contains the raw water beetle data per sample (n = 100). For each sample, the species and its’ abundance is given.
SwwedenVeg - this file contains the raw aquatic plant data per plot (n = 500). For each plot, the species and its’ abundance is given.Three data files. These data include data on aquatic plants, water beetles and supporting environmental informatio
DAASE: Dynamic Adaptive Automated Software Engineering
No full textConflict-free routing is the challenging problem of allocating routes to vehicles over a network in which vehicles may not pass each other. We consider one such application: truck movements in a tightly constrained warehouse run by the company PostPac. We propose an extension of an existing conflict-free routing algorithm to consider multiple stopping points per route. A high level metaheuristic was also applied to determine the order of points to visit and the order in which to allocate routes to the vehicles. This data set encapsulated our experimental results from this work. This includes our implementation of an improved routing algorithm, with example source code in Java, an example problem definition for the warehouse in question, and our experimental results.Datasets for the paper "Conflict-free routing of multi-stop warehouse trucks"
by Alexander E.I. Brownlee, Jerry Swan, Richard Senington and Zoltan A. Kocsis
src - Source Code used in the paper, including the revised implementation of QPPTW. Mixture of Scala and Java. (compile and run with scala 2.11.11 and java 8)
lib - The Haiku library required by the code (see: Kocsis, Z., Brownlee, A., Swan, J., Senington, R. Haiku - a Scala combinator toolkit for semi-automated composition of metaheuristics. Proc. SSBSE 2015, Bergamo, Italy. LNCS 9275. pp. 125-140. Springer. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-22183-0_9); also required are gson 2.2.4, jgrapht 0.8.3 and jgraphx 2.3.0.5 (not included)
resources - The problem definition that we worked with, in JSON format
See Readme file:
src - Source Code used in the paper, including the revised implementation of QPPTW. Mixture of Scala and Java. (compile and run with scala 2.11.11 and java 8)
lib - The Haiku library required by the code (see: Kocsis, Z., Brownlee, A., Swan, J., Senington, R. Haiku - a Scala combinator toolkit for semi-automated composition of metaheuristics. Proc. SSBSE 2015, Bergamo, Italy. LNCS 9275. pp. 125-140. Springer. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-22183-0_9); also required are gson 2.2.4, jgrapht 0.8.3 and jgraphx 2.3.0.5 (not included)
resources - The problem definition that we worked with, in JSON format
results - raw data from which the aggregated results in the paper were draw
Mobile EEG identifies the re-allocation of attention during real-world activity
No full textThe distribution of attention between competing processing demands can have dramatic real-world consequences, however little is known about how limited attentional resources are distributed during real-world behaviour. Here we employ mobile EEG to characterise the allocation of attention across multiple sensory-cognitive processing demands during naturalistic movement. We used a neural marker of attention, the Event-Related Potential (ERP) P300 effect, to show that attention to targets is reduced when human participants walk compared to when they stand still. In a second experiment, we show that this reduction in attention is not caused by the act of walking per se. A third experiment identified the independent processing demands driving reduced attention to target stimuli during motion. ERP data reveals that the reduction in attention seen during walking reflects the linear and additive sum of the processing demands produced by visual and inertial stimulation. The mobile cognition approach used here shows how limited resources are precisely re-allocated according to the sensory processing demands that occur during real-world behaviour.Numerous EEG recordings of a series of experiments investigating factors underlying the capture of attentional resources during real-world behaviour. The datasets have been processed with the open-source EEGLAB 4 toolbox for MATLAB (pairs of files with .set and .fdt extensions can be accessed directly through the toolbox). The pair of files (.set and .fdt extensions) contain epoched and preprocessed EEG data. The files titles reflect the experiment to which the dataset belongs (e.g., XP1), followed by the anonymized subject number which is preceded by the experimenter initials (for this study Simon Ladouce, e.g., SL01), then the recording condition (e.g., 'standing','walking',...) and finally the stimulus type (either rare and frequent). In practice, the formatting used can be read as follow: 'XP1_SL1_standing_rare.fdt/.set'. Further details can be found in the abstract and/or the related manuscript (forthcoming)
Literature review of design for people with dementia
No full textThis dataset consists of three supplementary files as described in the Appendix to the publication 'Designing environments for people with dementia: a systematic literature review', written by Alison Bowes and Alison Dawson and published by Emerald Publishers. The literature review was funded by the Dementia Services Development Trust. The purpose of the review was to provide a summary of the research evidence relating to the design of built environments for people with dementia, and the results of the review inform both the most recent versions of the evidence-based suite of Dementia Design Audit Tools produced by the University of Stirling's Dementia Services Development Centre (DSDC) and the IRIDIS app, a digitised assessment tool for dementia design developed by the University of Stirling and Space Architecture (Europe) Ltd and available via iTunes and Google Play. The supplementary files provide: a fuller description of the framework for evaluation; brief justification for the quality assessment grade awarded to each included item (High, Medium or Low); and extracted 'PICO' data (Population of interest, population sample; Intervention/indicator; Comparison group; Outcomes of interest) for studies described in the included items.'S1 Table of Gradings.xlsx' provides brief justifications for the quality assessment grade awarded to each included item (High, Medium or Low). These data were recorded by reviewers at the time of completion of the review and evaluation proforma for each item. 'S2 PICO Table.slsx' provides full citations and 'PICO' data (Population of interest, population sample; Intervention/indicator; Comparison group; indication of categories of Outcomes of interest) for studies described in 173 publications included in and evaluated as part of the review. These data were extracted during the review process. 'S3 Table of assessment criteria.pdf' provides a fuller description of the framework for evaluation used in this review, including the questions used in assessing studies with different research designs and the sources from which those questions were derived
Mars' past climate and current heat flow
No full textWe measured the hardness of CO2 ice and water ice as a function of temperature using a Leeb hardness tester. The dataset is a list of all hardness measurements taken. Some photos of the impact area have been included. Full details are available in the forthcoming paper Hagermann et al., Hardness and yield strength of CO2 ice under Martian temperature conditions.Table of hardness values read off a Leeb tester (see Leeb, 1979 for details of the method). Excel files should be self-explanatory. For example, Temperature [T] is listed above each column of Leeb Hardness values. These values are the raw data for the forthcoming paper referenced below